Neurotoma iridescens ( André, 1882 )

Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja & Taeger, Andreas, 2022, The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae), Zootaxa 5167 (1), pp. 1-251 : 59-60

Neurotoma iridescens ( André, 1882)

( Figs 23–25 ) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405040)

Lyda iridescens André, 1882: 443 .

Neurotoma iridescens: Konow, 1897a: 19 ; Gussakovskij, 1935: 160, 372; Takeuchi, 1938: 216; Kim, 1963: 278; Kim, 1970: 124, 716; Shinohara, 1980: 95; Shinohara & Okutani, 1983: 276; Achterberg & Aartsen, 1986: 23; Shinohara & Byun, 1993: 78; Kim et al., 1994: 216; Zhelochovtsev & Zinovjev, 1995: 397; Taeger et al., 1998: 100; Shinohara & Hara, 1999: 124; Shinohara, 2002b: 419; Shinohara, 2004: 262; Shinohara & Hara, 2005: 273; Shinohara & Lelej, 2007: 927; Sundukov, 2009: 213; Paek et al., 2010: 161; Taeger et al., 2010: 82; Shinohara, 2013: 93; Sundukov, 2017: 103; Shinohara et al., 2018a: 595; Lee et al., 2019: 7 ; Shinohara, 2019: 6; Shinohara, 2020: 8, 231.

Material examined. About 130 specimens, including seven specimens from the Russian Far East and South Korea ( Shinohara 1980, Shinohara & Byun 1993, present work). New collection data: RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 1♀ (NSMT-I-Hym 28857), Valley of Tigrovaya River , 180 m alt., 12km N. of Partizansk, 4. VI. 1994, A. Shinohara ( NSMT) ; 1♀ ( Fig. 23 , DEI-GISHym 12985), Komissarovo N, 130m, 45.000°N 131.788°E, 4. VI. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous & A. Taeger ( SDEI); 1♀ (DEI-GISHym 32050), same data ( SDEI).

Distribution. Russia (Primorskij Kraj, East Siberia), South Korea, northern and central Europe, Japan (Hokkaido, Kunashiri Is., Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu) ( Shinohara 1980).

Host plant. Rosaceae : Cerasus spp. , Sorbus spp. , Crataegus chlorosarca ( Taeger et al. 1998; Shinohara & Hara 1999). Records of Malus sieboldii (Regel) Rehder and Sorbaria sorbifolia (L.) A. Braun ( Lee et al. 2019) need confirmation.

Remarks. This is a widely distributed Palaearctic species showing some variation ( Shinohara 1980). The two females from Russia and Japan in Figs 23 and 24 differ particularly in the surface microsculpture of the head. AS has examined about 130 specimens of this species mainly from Japan but also from Finland, Latvia, Turkey, Russian Far East and South Korea (collection data are partly given in Shinohara 1980 and National Museum of Nature and Science 2021) and found it difficult to recognize two or more distinguishable forms among the specimens. For molecular analysis, only one specimen each from Russia and Japan was available. They differed by 4.4% in COI and 0.8% in NaK sequences. These values were quite large, considering that the maximum intraspecific p -distance in N. sibirica from Russia and Japan was 2.0% (n=13) in COI and 0.1% (n=10) in NaK. Further genetic, morphological and bionomic approaches, particularly with more material for genetics, may reveal existence of multiple species within the current concept of N. iridescens , but we treat it as a single species for now.

The nearest relative of N. iridescens suggested by our molecular analysis was the European N. nemoralis (Linné, 1758) , diverging by a minimum of 5.5% in COI and 1.8% in NaK, or the East Asian N. sibirica , diverging by a minimum of 6.0% in COI or 0.9% in NaK. In both COI and NaK trees ( Figs 137 , 152 ), however, N. iridescens and N. sibirica were sisters and N. nemoralis was sister to this clade, the topology supported by 97% or 100% UFBoot values. Shinohara (2002b) placed N. iridescens , N. sibirica and N. nemoralis in the N. nemoralis group, wherein N. iridescens was placed in the N. saltuum subgroup and N. sibirica and N. nemoralis in N. nemoralis subgroup. The minimum distance between specimens of N. iridescens and N. saltuum was 9.9% in COI. The intrageneric grouping in Neurotoma apparently needs a revision.

Figures

FIGURE 23. Neurotoma iridescens, female, Russia – (a) dorsally, (b) lateroventrally, (c) head & thorax dorsally, (d) head & thorax ventrolaterally, (e) face, (f) antenna, (g) sawsheath laterally, (h) claw.

FIGURE 24. Neurotoma iridescens, female, Japan – (a) dorsally, (b) lateroventrally, (c) head & thorax dorsally, (d) head & thorax ventrolaterally, (e) face, (f) antenna, (g) sawsheath laterally, (h) claw.

FIGURE 25. Neurotoma iridescens, male, Japan – (a) dorsally, (b) lateroventrally, (c) head & thorax dorsally, (d) head & thorax ventrolaterally, (e) face, (f) antenna, (g) claw.

FIGURE 137. Condensed ML tree based on CO1 gene sequences, with details of Neurotoma.

FIGURE 152. Condensed ML tree based on NaK gene sequences, with details of Neurotoma.