Edelithus puer Liu & Li, 2022

Liu, Keke, Ying, Yuanhao & Li, Shuqiang, 2022, One new genus and two new species of the spider family Phrurolithidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Southwest China, ZooKeys 1117, pp. 71-94 : 71

Edelithus puer Liu & Li sp. nov.

Figs 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5

Material examined.

Holotype ♂ (Phu-147), 21°54.607'N, 101°17.005'E, elevation ca 633 m, XTBG, Menglun Township , Mengla County, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China, 4-11.IV.2007, G. Zheng leg. Paratypes 1 ♂, 2 ♀, the same data as holotype ; 1 ♀, 4-11.IV.2007, other data as holotype (JSIII-2-18) ; 1 ♀, 10-20.VI.2007, other data as holotype (JSIII-1-20) ; 1 ♀, 1-15.VIII.2007, other data as holotype (JSIII-3-23) ; 3 ♂, 16-31.III.2007, other data as holotype (JSIII-5-16) ; 1 ♀, 10-20.VI.2007, other data as holotype (JSIII-2-20) ; 1 ♀, 16-31.V.2007, other data as holotype (JSIII-1-20) ; 2 ♂, 1-15.IV.2007, other data as holotype (JSIII-5-17) ; 5 ♂, 1 ♀, 1-15.IV.2007, other data as holotype (JSIII-2-17) ; 2 ♂, 1-15.IV.2007, other data as holotype (JSIII-4-17) ; 3 ♂, 2 juveniles, 1-15.IV.2007, other data as holotype (JSIII-3-17) ; 1 ♀, 19-26.V.2007, other data as holotype (JSIII-2-17) ; 1 ♀, 16-31.VI.2007, other data as holotype (JSIII-5-22) ; 3 ♀, 16-31.IV.2007, other data as holotype (JSIII-5-18) ; 2 ♀, 4-11.V.2007, other data as holotype (JSIII-3-18) ; 1 ♀, 4-11.V.2007, other data as holotype (JSIII-1-19) ; 1 ♀, 19-26.V.2007, other data as holotype (JSIII-2-17) ; 3 ♀, 16-31.IV.2007, other data as holotype (JSIII-3-22) ; 1 ♀, 4-11.V.2007, other data as holotype (JSIII-1-18) ; 1 ♀, 19-26.IV.2007, other data as holotype (JSIII-3-17) ; 1 ♀, 1-15.V.2007, other data as holotype (JSIII-5-19) ; 1 ♀, 10-20.VI.2007, other data as holotype (JSIII-3-20) ; 1 ♂, 16-31.IV.2007, other data as holotype (JSIII-4-18) ; 1 ♀, 16-31.V.2007, other data as holotype (JSIII-3-20) ; 1 ♀, 19-26.IV.2007, other data as holotype (JSIII-4-17) ; 2 ♀, 19-26.V.2007, other data as holotype (JSIII-2-19) ; 6 ♂, 1 ♀, 16-31.IV.2007, other data as holotype (JSIII-1-18) ; 1 ♀, 19-26.V.2007, other data as holotype (JSIII-4-19) ; 6 ♂, 1 ♀, 16-31.III.2007, other data as holotype (JSIII-1-16) ; 3 ♂, 16-31.III.2007, other data as holotype (JSIII-1-16) ; 2 ♂, 16-31.III.2007, other data as holotype (JSIII-3-16) ; 1 ♀, 1-15.V.2007, other data as holotype (JSIII-2-19) ; 1 ♀, 19-25.XI.2007, other data as holotype (JSIII-3-03) ; 4 ♂, 2 ♀, 1-15.IV.2007, other data as holotype (JSIII-1-17) ; 2 ♂, 1-15.III.2007, other data as holotype (JSIII-3-15) ; 1 ♂, 16-31.IV.2007, other data as holotype (JSIII-3-18) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 16-31.IV.2007, other data as holotype (JSIII-2-18) ; 2 ♀, 16-31.VI.2007, 21°55.428'N, 101°16.441'E, elevation ca 598 m, other data as holotype (CZI-3-22) ; 1 ♀, 16-31.VI.2007, other data as holotype (CZI-5-22) ; 1 ♀, 16-31.VI.2007, other data as holotype (CZI-2-22) ; 4 ♂, 16-31.VI.2007, 21°54.984'N, 101°16.982'E, elevation ca 656 m, other data as holotype (JSIII-5-18) ; 1 ♀, 4-11.V.2007, other data as previous (JSII-3-18) ; 1 ♀, 10-20.VI.2007, other data as previous (JSII-2-20) ; 1 ♀, 16-31.VI.2007, other data as previous (JSIII-4-18) ; 2 ♂, 1-15.III.2007, other data as previous (JSII-5-15) ; 1 ♀, 1-15.V.2007, other data as previous (JSII-2-19) ; 3 ♀, 4-11.IV.2007, other data as previous (JSII-2-16) ; 5 ♂, 19-26.III.2007, other data as previous (JSII-4-15) ; 7 ♂, 1-15.IV.2007, other data as previous (JSII-2-17) ; 2 ♀, 1-15.V.2007, other data as previous (JSII-5-19) ; 4 ♂, 16-31.III.2007, other data as previous (JSII-4-16) ; 2 ♂, 1-15.III.2007, other data as previous (JSII-1-15) ; 2 ♀, 19-26.V.2007, other data as previous (JSII-4-19) ; 2 ♂, 16-31.III.2007, other data as previous (JSII-5-16) ; 2 ♂, 1-15.IV.2007, other data as previous (JSII-4-17) ; 6 ♂, 2 ♀, 16-31.IV.2007, other data as previous (JSII-3-18) ; 3 ♂, 1-15.IV.2007, other data as previous (JSII-1-17) ; 2 ♀, 4-11.V.2007, other data as previous (JSII-2-18) ; 1 ♀, 16-31.IV.2007, other data as previous (JSII-5-22) ; 3 ♀, 4-11.V.2007, other data as previous (JSII-4-18) ; 1 ♀, 19-26.V.2007, other data as previous (JSII-1-19) ; 2 ♀, 1-15.V.2007, other data as previous (JSII-1-19) ; 2 ♀, 16-31.IV.2007, other data as previous (JSII-4-22) ; 6 ♂, 16-31.III.2007, other data as previous (JSII-1-16) ; 2 ♂, 1 ♀, 16-31.IV.2007, other data as previous (JSII-2-18) ; 4 ♂, 16-31.III.2007, other data as previous (JSII-3-16) ; 6 ♂, 1-15.IV.2007, other data as previous (JSII-3-17) ; 3 ♀, 19-26.IV.2007, other data as previous (JSII-4-17) ; 2 ♀, 4-16.IV.2007, other data as previous (JSII-4-16) ; 1 ♀, 10-20.VI.2007, other data as previous (JSII-4-20) ; 1 ♀, 16-31.V.2007, other data as previous (JSII-3-20) ; 3 ♂, 1 ♀, 1-15.IV.2007, other data as previous (JSII-5-17) ; 1 ♀, 16-31.V.2007, other data as previous (JSII-5-20) ; 1 ♀, 19-26.IV.2007, other data as previous (JSII-1-17) ; 1 ♀, 19-26.IV.2007, other data as previous (JSII-2-17) ; 5 ♂, 16-31.III.2007, other data as previous (JSII-2-16) ; 3 ♀, 1-15.VI.2007, other data as previous (JSII-5-21) ; 1 ♀, 1-15.VII.2007, other data as previous (JSII-5-23) ; 2 ♀, 1-15.VI.2007, other data as previous (JSII-3-21) ; 1 ♀, 1-15.VI.2007, other data as previous (JSII-2-21) ; 2 ♀, 1-15.VII.2007, other data as previous (JSII-2-23) ; 1 ♂, 16-31.III.2007, 21°54.718'N, 101°16.940'E, elevation ca 645 m, other data as holotype (JSI-4-16) ; 1 ♀, 19-26.IV.2007, other data as previous (JSI-3-17) ; 2 ♂, 1-15.III.2007, other data as previous (JSI-3-15) ; 1 ♂, 16-31.IV.2007, other data as previous (JSI-5-18) ; 4 ♂, 1-15.IV.2007, other data as previous (JSI-4-17) ; 4 ♀, 16-31. VII.2007, other data as previous (JSI-2-24) ; 2 ♂, 10-20.VI.2007, other data as previous (JSI-3-20) ; 2 ♀, 1-15.V.2007, other data as previous (JSI-2-19) ; 1 ♀, 1-15.IV.2007, other data as previous (JSI-4-21) ; 1 ♀, 10-20.IV.2007, other data as previous (JSI-1-20) ; 2 ♀, 1-15.VI.2007, other data as previous (JSI-2-21) ; 2 ♀, 1-15.VII.2007, other data as previous (JSI-2-23) ; 5 ♂, 16-31.III.2007, other data as previous (JSI-1-16) ; 1 ♂, 1-15.IV.2007, other data as previous (JSI-3-17) ; 2 ♀, 16-31.V.2007, other data as previous (JSI-5-20) ; 1 ♀, 16-24.X.2007, other data as previous (JSI-2-06) ; 3 ♂, 1 ♀, 16-31.V.2007, other data as previous (JSI-1-20) ; 1 ♀, 16-31.VII.2007, other data as previous (JSI-3-24) ; 1 ♀, 4-11.V.2007, other data as previous (JSI-2-18) ; 3 ♂, 1-15.IV.2007, other data as previous (JSI-5-17) ; 1 ♀, 16-31.VII.2007, other data as previous (JSI-5-24) ; 2 ♂, 2 ♀, 19-26.IV.2007, other data as previous (JSI-4-17) ; 1 ♀, 4-11.V.2007, other data as previous (JSI-3-18) ; 2 ♂, 1-15.III.2007, other data as previous (JSI-2-15) ; 1 ♂, 2 ♀, 16-31.V.2007, other data as previous (JSI-4-20) ; 1 ♀, 1-15.V.2007, other data as previous (JSI-5-19) ; 2 ♀, 4-11.IV.2007, other data as previous (JSI-1-16) ; 1 ♀, 19-26.IV.2007, other data as previous (JSI-2-17) ; 1 ♀, 19-26.V.2007, other data as previous (JSI-3-19) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 16-31.V.2007, other data as previous (JSI-2-20) ; 1 ♀, 10-20.VI.2007, other data as previous (JSI-4-20) ; 1 ♀, 19-26.V.2007, other data as previous (JSI-2-19) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 1-15.V.2007, other data as previous (JSI-1-19) ; 1 ♀, 4-11.IV.2007, other data as previous (JSI-2-16) ; 1 ♀, 10-20.VI.2007, other data as previous (JSI-2-20) ; 1 ♀, 16-31.IV.2007, other data as previous (JSI-4-18) ; 6 ♂, 1 ♀, 16-31.IV.2007, other data as previous (JSI-3-18) ; 5 ♂, 4 ♀, 16-31.IV.2007, other data as previous (JSI-2-18) ; 8 ♂, 16-31.III.2007, other data as previous (JSI-2-16) ; 4 ♂, 1-15.IV.2007, other data as previous (JSI-1-17) ; 5 ♂, 1 ♀, 16-31.III.2007, other data as previous (JSI-3-16) ; 10 ♂, 2 ♀, 1-15.IV.2007, other data as previous (JSI-2-17) ; 1 ♂, 16-31.V.2007, other data as previous (JSI-3-30) ; 1 ♀, 19-26.V.2007, other data as previous (JSI-4-19) ; 2 ♂, 2 ♀, 16-31.IV.2007, other data as previous (JSI-1-18).

Etymology.

The specific name refers to a famous tea from Xishuangbanna, Pu’er tea, which is planted on the mountainsides of Xishuangbanna and has a long history in China; noun in apposition.

Diagnosis.

The new species can be distinguished from E. shenmiguo sp. nov. (Figs 9 , 10 , 12 ) by the retrolateral tegular apophysis with bent apex (vs straight) and the very short embolus lacking spine-like tip (vs the relatively long embolus with a spine-like tip) in male palp (Figs 2 , 3 ) and the triangular median septum (vs absent), the stout copulatory ducts (vs slender) and the C-shaped spermathecae (vs oval) in female epigyne (Fig. 5 ).

Description.

Male (holotype). Habitus as in Fig. 1A-C . Total length 1.95, carapace 0.99 long, 0.78 wide, abdomen 0.92 long, 0.65 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances (Fig. 1A, D ): AME 0.04, ALE 0.06, PME 0.05, PLE 0.06; AME-AME 0.03, AME-ALE 0.01, PME-PME 0.04, PME-PLE 0.04, AME-PME 0.05, AME-PLE 0.09, ALE-ALE 0.13, PLE-PLE 0.21, ALE-PLE 0.03; PME separated by slightly less than their diameters. MOA 0.14 long, frontal width 0.11, posterior width 0.13. Chelicerae (Fig. 1B, D, E ) with three promarginal (median largest, distal smallest) and two retromarginal teeth (distal larger). Endites (Fig. 1B, E ) slightly oblique, brush shaped, anterolateral area of endite with row of thick serrula and six long, thick setae. Labium wider than long, anteriorly with 10-12 setae. Sternum (Fig. 1E ), longer than wide, lateral margin thickened, with weak precoxal triangles and lacking intercoxal extensions, posteriorly triangular, blunt end. Legs (Fig. 1 ): measurements: I 3.29 (0.90, 0.35, 0.84, 0.76, 0.44); II 3.85 (0.73, 0.48, 0.97, 0.99, 0.68); III 2.53 (0.66, 0.32, 0.48, 0.60, 0.47); IV 3.74 (0.96, 0.37, 0.84, 0.95, 0.62); spination: femora I d1, pv111, II d1, III d1, IV d1; tibiae I v222222, II v222221, metatarsi I v2221, II v2221. Scutum (Fig. 1A ) nearly covering 1/2 of abdomen.

Colouration (Fig. 1A-C ). Carapace yellow, with radial, irregular light yellow-brown stripes submarginally and arc-shaped dark stripes around margin. AME, ALE and PLE with dark layer of black pigment around the eye cup, but PME absent. Chelicerae, endites, and labium yellow. Sternum yellow, mottled around margin. Legs yellow, without dark stripes. Abdomen yellow-brown, mottled, with dark brown net-shaped stripes; venter yellow.

Palp (Figs 2 , 3 ). Femoral apophysis weak, with shallow groove and one strong dorsal spine near distal femur. Retrolateral tibial apophysis large, thick, finger-like, longer than tibia. Dorsal tibial apophysis longer than 1/2 length of retrolateral tibial apophysis, with broad base and a small hook-shaped tip, subdistal part with a strong constriction. Sperm duct V-shaped, reaching subposterior part of tegulum. Distal tegular apophysis lamellate, membranous, touching the base of embolus, covered by subdistal tegular apophysis in ventral view. Subdistal tegular apophysis gramineous leaf-shaped, membranous, slightly less than 1/2 of tegular length. Embolus very short, horn-like, less than 1/3 length of subdistal tegular apophysis, covered by subdistal tegular apophysis. Sperm opening round, located in subapical part.

Female. Habitus as in Fig. 4 . Total length 2.21, carapace 0.92 long, 0.75 wide, abdomen 1.27 long, 0.83 wide. As in male, except as noted. Eye sizes and interdistances (Fig. 4A, D ): AME 0.04, ALE 0.07, PME 0.04, PLE 0.06, AME-AME 0.02, AME-ALE 0.01, PME-PME 0.06, PME-PLE 0.04, AME-PME 0.04, AME-PLE 0.09, ALE-ALE 0.12, PLE-PLE 0.20, ALE-PLE 0.03. MOA 0.12 long, frontal width 0.10, posterior width 0.13. Leg (Fig. 4A, B ) measurements: I 4.05 (1.07, 0.48, 1.04, 0.95, 0.51); II 2.61 (0.67, 0.35, 0.54, 0.60, 0.45); III 2.37 (0.63, 0.29, 0.45, 0.57, 0.43); IV 3.41 (0.89, 0.37, 0.74, 0.89, 1.060.52). Leg spination (Fig. 4 ): tibiae II v22222, metatarsi I v2222, II v2222.

Colouration (Fig. 4A, B ). Lighter than male.

Epigyne (Fig. 5 ). Epigynal plate slightly longer than wide, subposterolaterally with pair of round copulatory openings, posteriorly with triangular median septum. Copulatory ducts short and thick, slghtly shorter than spermathecae. Bursae large round, touching, covering nearly 1/2 of epigynal plate. Glandular appendages short, transversal, directed laterally, less than the length of copulatory ducts. Connecting tubes very short, nearly as long as glandular appendages. Spermathecae nearly C-shaped, widely separated by median septum. Fertilization ducts short, located posteriorly on spermathecae, directed anterolaterally.

Comments.

The detailed study of a large number of these specimens revealed that most specimens (ca 9/10) lack prolateral spine on femora I, but a few specimens (ca 1/10) with one prolateral spine which locate at the distal part of femora I.

Distribution.

Known only from the type locality in Yunnan Province, China.

Figures

Figure 1. Edelithus shenmiguo sp. nov., male A habitus, dorsal view B same, ventral view C same, lateral view D carapace, dorsal view, white arrow to cheliceral spine, black arrow to oval posterior median eyes without black annulations E same, ventral view F leg I, prolateral view, black arrows to prolateral spines on femur G leg II, white arrow to prolateral spine on femur. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A, B, D-G), 0.5 mm (C).

Figure 2. Edelithus shenmiguo sp. nov., male palps A holotype, prolateral view B same, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D same, dorsal view E paratype, prolateral view F same, ventral view G same, retrolateral view H, I tegulum, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: DTA - dorsal tibial apophysis, Em - embolus, FA - femoral apophysis, rTA - retrolateral tegular apophysis, RTA - retrolateral tibial apophysis, SD - sperm duct, sTA - subdistal tegular apophysis. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figure 3. SEM micrographs of Edelithus shenmiguo sp. nov., male palp A femur, prolateral view B ventral view, detail of tegular end C femur, ventral view D retrolateral view E retrolateral view, detail of retrolateral tibial apophysis F retrolateral view, detail of tegulum G same, detail of tegular end H same, detail of tibial apophyses. Abbreviations: dTA - distal tegular apophysis, DTA - dorsal tibial apophysis, Em - embolus, FA - femoral apophysis, RTA - retrolateral tibial apophysis, SD - sperm duct, sTA - subdistal tegular apophysis.

Figure 4. Edelithus shenmiguo sp. nov., female A habitus, dorsal view B same, ventral view C same, lateral view D carapace, dorsal view, white arrow to cheliceral spine, black arrow to oval posterior median eyes without black annulations E same, ventral view F leg I, prolateral view, white arrows to prolateral spines on femur G Leg II, white arrow to prolateral spine on femur. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A, B, D-G); 0.5 mm (C).

Figure 5. Edelithus shenmiguo sp. nov., female A epigyne, ventral view B same, dorsal view C same, ventral view D same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Bu - bursa, CD - copulatory duct, CO - copulatory opening, CT - connecting tube, FD - fertilization duct, GA - glandular appendage, MS - median septum, Spe - spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figure 9. SEM micrographs of Edelithus puer sp. nov., male A left leg I, white arrows to detail of prolateral spines, prolateral view B same, tarsal claws, prolateral view C left leg II, white arrow to detail of prolateral spine, prolateral view D same, detail of claw tuft setae E left leg III, detail of metatarsal preening brush, prolateral view F left leg IV, metatarsus-tarsus joint, prolateral view G same, detail of tarsal end, prolateral view H same, tarsus, detail of the tarsal organ, prolateral view, slightly dorsal I same, tarsal claw and claw tuft setae, prolateral view J left femur II, prolateral view. Abbreviations: CS - chemosensory seta, LO - lyriform organ, MPB - metatarsal preening brush, MTS - metatarsal dorsal stopper, SS - slit sensillum, TS - tenent setae.

Figure 10. SEM micrographs of Edelithus puer sp. nov., male palp A prolateral view, slightly ventral B same, detail of embolus C ventral view D same, detail of subdistal tegular apophysis E femur, retrolateral view F retrolateral view G same, detail of retrolateral tibial apophysis H same, detail of tegular end I dorsal view. Abbreviations: DTA - dorsal tibial apophysis, Em - embolus, FA - femoral apophysis, rTA - retrolateral tegular apophysis, RTA - retrolateral tibial apophysis, sTA - subdistal tegular apophysis.

Figure 12. Edelithus puer sp. nov., female. A epigyne, ventral view B same, dorsal view C same, ventral view D same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Bu - bursa, CD - copulatory duct, CO - copulatory opening, CT - connecting tube, FD - fertilization duct, GA - glandular appendage, Spe - spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.