Euura viridis (Stephens, 1835)

Prous, Marko, Liston, Andrew & Mutanen, Marko, 2021, Revision of the West Palaearctic Euura bergmanni and oligospila groups (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae), Journal of Hymenoptera Research 84, pp. 187-269 : 187

Euura viridis (Stephens, 1835)

Figs 5G, O , 8B , 10D , 11C , 20

Nematus viridis Stephens, 1835: 30. Type locality: England, London area (HT).

Nematus prasinus Hartig, 1837: 216-217. Type locality: not stated, but presumably Germany according to the title of Hartig’s publication (ST). LT designated below.

Nematus polyspilus Förster, 1854a: 284, 286-288. Type locality: Germany, Aachen area (ST). LT designated below.

Pteronidea breviseta Lindqvist, 1946: 181. Type locality: Scandinavia, Lapland (ST). No identifiable syntypes were located. Syn. nov.

Pteronidea breviseta Lindqvist, 1949: 75-77. Type locality: Finland, Utsjoki, Outakoski (HT). Syn. nov.

Pteronidea abscondita Lindqvist, 1949: 77. Type locality: Finland, Kuusamo (HT) [according to original description in ZMUT, but is actually in MZH]. Syn. nov.

Pteronidea lauroi Lindqvist, 1960a: 35. Type locality: Finland, Ahlainen, Rankku (HT). Syn. nov.

Similar species.

Most similar species are E. dispar and E. glutinosae . Compared to E. dispar it possibly has slightly smaller denticles of serrulae. Differences from E. glutinosae are not entirely clear. Male penis valves are most similar to E. glutinosae . There is possibly a smaller gap between paravalva and valvispina compared to E. glutinosae . Since differences from E. glutinosae are not clear, the new synonymies proposed here might not be correct. Fortunately, even if the synonymies are more accurately treated under E. glutinosae , it would not disrupt the usage of currently valid names. The Pteronidea abscondita “allotype” (not a type specimen) (http://id.luomus.fi/GL.3442) is most likely E. flavescens (Stephens, 1835).

Genetic data.

COI. Based on 4 specimens, maximum within species distance is 0.46% and the nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 0%, are Euura brevivalvis , Euura dispar , and possibly Euura glutinosae . BINs: BOLD:AEC8057, BOLD:ABZ5797, BOLD:ACF5540 (main cluster).

Nuclear. Based on 4 specimens, maximum within species distance is 0.09% (0.55% based on haplotypes of individual females). The nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 0% (only NaK) or 0.41% (NaK and POL2), is Euura brevivalvis .

Host plants and behaviour.

Hosts: most host records under the name Euura viridis and all those under Pteronidea breviseta refer to Betula , e.g. B. pendula ( Kontuniemi 1960), B. pubescens ( Kontuniemi 1960; Tenow 1963; Hanhimaki et al. 1995), and Betula utilis ( Schedl 2010). However, other sources mention several additional hosts, all of which require checking, because they may involve misidentifications of the sawfly species: see also above, under E. glutinosae .

Distribution.

Palaearctic ( Sundukov 2017; current data). Specimens studied are from Finland, Germany, Sweden, and United Kingdom.

Type material.

Nematus viridis Stephens, 1835. HT, ♀, B.M.TYPE HYM.I-697, BMNH.

Nematus prasinus Hartig, 1837. Lectotype, here designated, ♀, GBIF-GISHym3388, ZSM. Koch (2000) mentioned this same specimen as LT, with details of its labelling. This was not, however, a valid taxonomic act, because he omitted an explicit statement that he was designating this specimen (see ICZN 2003).

Nematus polyspilus Förster, 1854. Lectotype, here designated, ♀, GBIF-GISHym3386, ZSM. Koch (2000) mentioned this same specimen as LT, with details of its labelling. This was not, however, a valid taxonomic act, because he omitted an explicit statement that he was designating this specimen (see ICZN 2003).

Pteronidea breviseta Lindqvist, 1946. No identifiable syntypes found: the HT of P. breviseta Lindqvist, 1949 was collected in 1948, and so cannot be a syntype of the taxon described in 1946.

Pteronidea breviseta Lindqvist, 1949. HT, ♀, http://id.luomus.fi/GL.3461, MZH.

Pteronidea abscondita Lindqvist, 1949. HT, ♀, http://id.luomus.fi/GL.3441, MZH.

Pteronidea lauroi Lindqvist, 1960. HT, ♀, http://id.luomus.fi/GL.3506, MZH.

Figures

Fig ure 5. Characters of Euura hypoxantha, Euura bergmanni and Euura oligospila groups, females A Euura oligospila DEI-GISHym 84738 B Euura leptocephalus ZMUO. 033448 C Euura lienterica DEI-GISHym 21362 D Euura reticulata ZMUO. 033533 E Euura hypoxantha ZMUO. 035686 F Euura brevivalvis DEI-GISHym 31135 G Euura viridis ZMUO. 035636 H Euura frenalis ZMUO. 035931 I Euura leptocephalus ZMUO. 033448 J Euura brevivalvis DEI-GISHym 84214 K Euura brevivalvis DEI-GISHym 84214 L Euura oligospila ZMUO. 040699 M Euura bergmanni ZMUO. 033423 N Euura bergmanni ZMUO. 040825 O Euura viridis ZMUO. 035636 P Euura sylvestris ZMUO. 038944 Q Euura respondens http: // coll. mfn-berlin. de / u / 111027 R Euura bergmanni DEI-GISHym 31138 S Euura sylvestris DEI-GISHym 21351 T Euura oligospila DEI-GISHym 88899.

Figure 8. Lancets of Euura bergmanni group. A Euura dispar DEI-GISHym 84146 B Euura viridis DEI-GISHym 21364 C Euura glutinosae DEI-GISHym 80498 D Euura brevivalvis DEI-GISHym 31135.

Fig ure 10. Characters of Euura bergmanni and Euura oligospila groups, males. A Euura respondens DEI-GISHym 84697 B Euura oligospila DEI-GISHym 84695 C Euura frenalis ZMUO. 033184 D Euura viridis DEI-GISHym 84547 E Euura brevivalvis DEI-GISHym 11624 F Euura bergmanni DEI-GISHym 84689 G Euura respondens DEI-GISHym 84697 H Euura oligospila DEI-GISHym 84695 I Euura brevivalvis ZMUO. 039090 J Euura bergmanni DEI-GISHym 84689 K Euura sylvestris ZMUO. 035654 L Euura oligospila DEI-GISHym 84695.

Figure 11. Penis valves of Euura bergmanni group. A Euura bergmanni ZMUO. 032583 B Euura dispar DEI-GISHym 88519 C Euura viridis ZMUO. 030834 D Euura brevivalvis DEI-GISHym 84227 E Euura brevivalvis ZMUO. 030870 F Euura sylvestris DEI-GISHym 83594 G Euura sylvestris ZMUO. 033416 H Euura glutinosae DEI-GISHym 84096 I Euura leptocephalus DEI-GISHym 88730 J Euura respondens DEI-GISHym 12514.

Figure 20. Euura viridis adults. Female ZMUO. 035486 (A, B), males ZMUO. 035650 (C, D) and ZMUO. 035647 (E, F).