Clubiona bicornis Yu & Li, 2019

Zhang, Jianshuang, Yu, Hao & Li, Shuqiang, 2021, Taxonomic studies on the sac spider genus Clubiona (Araneae, Clubionidae) from Xishuangbanna Rainforest, China, ZooKeys 1034, pp. 1-163 : 1

Clubiona bicornis Yu & Li, 2019 Figs 48 , 61A , 71A , 77F , 85F , 93F

Clubiona bicornis Yu & Li, 2019b: 221, figs 15A-E, 16A-C (♂).

Material examined.

Type. Holotype ♂ (IZCAS Ar 34716), China: Yunnan Province: Xishuangbanna: Mengla County: Menglun Town : XTBG, primary tropical seasonal rainforest, 21°55.035'N, 101°16.500'E, ca. 558 m, 22.VII.2007, G. Zheng leg. Other material examined. 1♂ (YHCLU0180), Jinghong City : Menga Town: Wengnan Village: secondary forest, 22°4.598'N, 100°22.134'E, ca. 1137 m, 30.VII.2012, Q.Y. Zhao and Z.G. Chen leg ; 1♀ (YHCLU0099), XTBG, 48th km landmark in Menglun Nature Reserve , 21°58.704'N, 101°19.748'E, ca. 1088 m, 11.VIII.2011 , G. Zheng et al. leg.

Diagnosis.

Females of C. bicornis can be easily distinguished from other members of the group except C. amurensis (Mikhailov, 1990: 148, figs 21, 22) by the copulatory openings separated by one diameter (Figs 48A-C , 77F , 85F ) (vs. copulatory openings fused or close together in almost all species of the C. trivialis group, including C. subasrevida and C. menglun sp. nov.; Figs 49A-C , 78B, C , 86B, C ) and the lengthwise spermathecae (Figs 48D, E , 93F ) (vs. spermathecae nearly globular in other species of the Clubiona trivialis group, such as C. cheni and C. menglun sp. nov.; Figs 49D, E , 94A, B ) but differ from the latter by the: (1) copulatory opening a small pore (Figs 48A-C , 77F , 85F ) (vs. slit like in C. amurensis ; Mikhailov, 1990: fig. 21); (2) peanut-shaped spermathecae (Figs 48D, E , 93F ) (vs. elliptical in C. amurensis ; Mikhailov, 1990: fig. 22); (3) proximal half of the copulatory ducts close together (Figs 48D, E , 93F ) (vs. widely separated by more than four diameters in C. amurensis ; Mikhailov, 1990: fig. 22); (4)fovea indistinct (Fig. 48F ) (vs. fovea distinct in C. amurensis ).

Description.

Male. See Yu and Li (2019b). palp as in Figs 61A , 71A .

Female. (Fig. 48F, G ): Total length 2.33; carapace 0.99 long, 0.77 wide; opisthosoma 1.34 long, 0.83 wide. Carapace, in profile almost flat, brown, slightly darker in front, with a pair of indistinct short lines running longitudinally from behind AME, fovea indistinct; ocular region slightly narrowed, cervical groove and radial grooves indistinct; tegument smooth, clothed with numerous short, fine setae. Eyes: AER almost straight, PER slightly recurved and slightly wider than AER in dorsal view. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.05, ALE 0.06, PME 0.04, PLE 0.05, AME-AME 0.03, AME-ALE 0.13, PME-PME 0.27, PME-PLE 0.08, MOQL 0.17, MOQA 0.13, MOQP 0.32. Chelicerae protruding and robust, coloured as carapace, with distinct lateral bulge, cheliceral furrow with three anterior and two posterior teeth Sternum pale brown, 0.64 long, 0.45 wide. Labium and endites coloured as carapace. Legs light brown, without distinct markings. Leg measurements: I 1.72 (0.48, 0.77, 0.35, 0.13), II 1.69 (0.51, 0.62, 0.40, 0.16), III 1.33 (0.41, 0.48, 0.28, 0.15), IV 1.82 (0.52, 0.78, 0.32, 0.20). Abdomen oval, cream coloured, numerous large pigmented markings prominently visible through integument except anteriorly and on the spinnerets.

Epigyne (Figs 48A-E , 77F , 85F , 93F ). Epigynal plate slightly wider than long, the arrangement of the various parts of the vulva are indistinctly visible through the tegument. Copulatory openings indistinct, separated by one diameter, situated at medial portion of epigynal plate posterior margin. Hyaline copulatory ducts ascending in parallel, the proximal half close together, the distal half widely separated. Spermathecae close together, peanut- or gourd-shaped, ca. 2 × longer than wide. Fertilisation ducts curved and acicular, relatively long,> 1/3 spermathecae length, located on anterior surface of spermathecae. Bursae oblong, ca. 1.8 × longer than wide, with a smooth hyaline surface.

Distribution.

Known only from Xishuangbanna.

Remarks.

The female of the species is described for the first time.

Figures

Figure 48. Clubiona bicornis, epigyne (A-E) and female habitus (F, G) A intact, ventral view B cleared, ventral view C cleared, ventral view D cleared, dorsal view E cleared, dorsal view F dorsal view G ventral view. Abbreviations: BS = bursa; CD = copulatory duct; CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilisation duct; SP = spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (equal for A-E); 0.5 mm (equal for F, G).

Figure 49. Holotype female of Clubiona menglun sp. nov. epigyne (A-E) and habitus (F, G) A intact, ventral view B cleared, ventral view C cleared, ventral view D cleared, dorsal view E cleared, dorsal view F dorsal view G ventral view. Abbreviations: BS = bursa; CD = copulatory duct; CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilisation duct; SP = spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (equal for A-E); 1 mm (equal for F, G).

Figure 61. Clubiona spp. of the C. trivialis group, male palp, ventral view A C. bicornis B C. cheni C C. subasrevida D C. subquebecana. Abbreviations: C = conductor; E = embolus; EB = embolar base; TH = tegular hump; PTA = prolateral tibial apophysis; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figure 71. Clubiona spp. of the C. trivialis group, male palp, retrolateral view A C. bicornis B C. cheni C C. subasrevida D C. subquebecana. Abbreviations: C = conductor; E = embolus; PTA = prolateral tibial apophysis; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figure 77. Clubiona spp. of the C. ternatensis group (A-E) and the C. trivialis group (F), epigyne, intact, ventral view A C. mii sp. nov. holotype B C. subkuu C C. theoblicki D C. tongi E C. zhengi F C. bicornis. Abbreviations: A = atrium; CO = copulatory opening; R = epigynal ridge. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figure 78. Clubiona spp. of the C. trivialis group (A-D) and the C. filicata group (E, F), epigyne, intact, ventral view A C. cheni B C. menglun sp. nov., holotype C C. subasrevida D C. subquebecana E C. banna sp. nov., paratype F C. melanosticta. Abbreviations: A = atrium; CO = copulatory opening. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figure 85. Clubiona spp. of the C. ternatensis group (A-E) and the C. trivialis group (F), epigyne, cleared, ventral view A C. mii sp. nov., holotype B C. subkuu C C. theoblicki D C. tongi E C. zhengi F C. bicornis. Abbreviations: A = atrium; CO = copulatory opening; R = epigynal ridge. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figure 86. Clubiona spp. of the C. trivialis group (A-D) and the C. filicata group (E, F), epigyne, cleared, ventral view A C. cheni B C. menglun sp. nov., holotype C C. subasrevida D C. subquebecana E C. banna sp. nov., paratype F C. melanosticta. Abbreviations: A = atrium; CO = copulatory opening. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figure 93. Clubiona spp. of the C. ternatensis group (A-E) and the C. trivialis group (F), vulva, cleared, dorsal view A C. mii sp. nov., holotype B C. subkuu C C. theoblicki D C. tongi E C. zhengi F C. bicornis. Abbreviations: BS = bursa; CD = copulatory duct; FD = fertilisation duct; SP = spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figure 94. Clubiona spp. of the C. trivialis group (A-D) and the C. filicata group (E, F), vulva, cleared, dorsal view A C. cheni B C. menglun sp. nov., holotype C C. subasrevida D C. subquebecana E C. banna sp. nov., paratype F C. melanosticta. Abbreviations: BS = bursa; CD = copulatory duct; FD = fertilisation duct; SB = spermathecal base; SH = spermathecal head; SP = spermatheca; SS = spermathecal stalk. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.