Ipomoea purpurea

Wood, John R. I., Munoz-Rodriguez, Pablo, Williams, Bethany R. M. & Scotland, Robert W., 2020, A foundation monograph of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the New World, PhytoKeys 143, pp. 1-823 : 1

238. Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth, Bot. Abh. Beobacht. 27. 1787. (Roth 1787: 27)

Convolvulus purpureus L., Sp. Pl. (ed.2): 219. 1762. (Linnaeus 1762: 219). Type. Icon in Dillenius, Hort. Eltham. 1: 100, t. 84, f. 97 (1732), designated by Verdcourt (1957b: 233).

Convolvulus mutabilis Salisb. , Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 123. 1796. (Salisbury 1796: 123). Type. Based on Convolvulus purpureus L.

Pharbitis purpurea (L.) Voigt., Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 354. 1845. (Voigt 1845: 354).

Quamoclit purpurea (L.) M. Gómez, Fl. Habana 347. 1899 [pub.1897]. ( Gómez de la Maza y Jiménez 1897: 347).

Convolvulus hederaceus var. gamma L. Sp. Pl. 154. 1753. Type. Icon in Dillenius, Hort. Eltham. 1: 99, t. 83, f. 96 (lectotype designated by Shinners 1965).

Ipomoea punctata Pers., Syn. Pl. : 1: 184. 1805. (Persoon 1805: 184). Type. Based on Dillenius, Hort. Eltam. 99 t. 83 f. 96.

Pharbitis punctata (Pers.) G. Don , Gen. Hist. 4: 263. 1838. (Don 1838: 263).

Convolvulus hederaceus var. epsilon L. Sp. Pl. 154. 1753. Type. Icon in Dillenius, Hort. Eltham. 1: 100, t. 84, figure 97 (lectotype designated by Shinners 1965).

Ipomoea discolor Jacq. Pl. Hort. Schoenbr. 3: 6. 1798. (Jacquin 1798: 6), nom. rej. Type. Plant cultivated at Vienna (possible type M0184978).

Ipomoea intermedia Schult. , Observ. Bot. 37. 1809. (Schultes 1809: 37). Type. Based on Ipomoea discolor Jacq.

Ipomoea glandulifera Ruiz & Pav. , Fl. Peruv. 2: 12, t. 121a. 1799. (Ruiz and Pavón 1799: 12). Type. PERU. t. 121a in Ruiz and Pavón 1799, lectotype, designated here).

Ipomoea villosa Ruiz & Pav., F. Peruv. 2: 12. 1799. (Ruiz and Pavón 1799: 12). Type. PERU. Pozuzo and Muña, (lectotype t. 121b in Ruiz and Pavón (1799), designated here).

Ipomoea hispida Zuccagni , Collectanea 127. 1806. (Roemer 1806-09: 127). Type. Not cited.

Pharbitis hispida (Zuccagni) Choisy, Mem. Soc. Phys. , Genève 6: 438 [56]. 1834. (Choisy 1834: 438 [56]).

Ipomoea zuccagnii Roem. & Schult. , Syst. Veg. 4: 230. 1819, nom. superfl., based on Ipomoea hispida Zuccagni

Ipomoea hirsutula J. Jacq. , Ecl. Pl. Rar. 1: 65. 1811 [pub. 1813]. (Jacquin 1813: 65). Type. t. 44 in J.F. Jacquin (1813), lectotype designated by Austin (1990).

Cleiemera cuspidata Raf. , Fl. Tellur. 4: 78. 1836 [pub. 1838]. Type. Based on icon in Dillenius, Hort. Eltham. 1: 96, t. 80, f. 96.

* Pharbitis diversifolia Lindl. , Edwards's Botanical Register 23: t. 1988. 1837 (Lindley 1837: t. 1988). Type. PERU. A. Mathews 2050, portion at top right of sheet in Herb Lindley (CGE 06401 p.p., lectotype, designated Wood et al. (2015: 101), isolectotypes BM, OXF).

* Pharbitis nil var. diversifolia (Lindl.) Choisy in A.P. de Candolle , Prodr. 9: 343. 1845. (Choisy 1845: 343).

* Ipomoea purpurea var. diversifolia (Lindl.) O'Donell , Lilloa 26: 385. 1953 ( O’Donell 1953a: 385).

* Ipomoea affinis M. Martens & Galeotti , Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 12 (2): 263. 1845. (Martens and Galeotti 1845: 263). Type. MEXICO. Oaxaca, H. Galeotti 1377 (lectotype BR 00006973353, designated here; isolectotypes G, MO, P, W).

* Ipomoea pilosissima M. Martens & Galeotti , Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 12 (2): 264. 1845. (Martens and Galeotti 1845: 264). Type. MEXICO. Oaxaca, H. Galeotti 1364 (lectotype BR0006972738, designated here).

* Ipomoea purpurea forma triloba Meisn. in Martius et al. , Fl. Brasil. 7: 223. 1869. (Meisner 1869: 223). Type. Not specified.

* Ipomoea mexicana A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2: 210. 1878. (Gray 1878: 210). Type. UNITED STATES. New Mexico, C. Wright 1612 (lectotype GH00054732, designated here; isolectotypes K, NY).

Ipomoea wattii C.B. Clarke, J. Linn. Soc. , Bot. 25: 49. 1889. (Clarke 1889: 49). Type. INDIA. [Nagaland], Kohima, C.B. Clarke 41307 (holotype K000830827).

* Ipomoea diehlii M.E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 53.1908. (Jones 1908: 53). Type. MEXICO. Chihuahua, San Diego Canyon, I.E. Diehl s.n. (holotype RSA0002420).

Ipomoea chanetii H. Levl. , Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni. Veg. 9: 42. 1911. ( Léveillé 1911: 452). Type. CHINA. Tché-Ly, Tchen Ting Fou, L. Chanet 124 (holotype E00284512).

Plants with lobed leaves are indicated with an asterisk*.

Type.

Based on Convolvulus purpureus L.

Description.

Twining annual herb, stems pilose. Leaves petiolate, 3-8(-15) × 3.5-8(-14) cm, ovate (rarely 3-lobed to half way), shortly acuminate, cordate with rounded auricles, both surfaces thinly to densely hispid-pilose; petioles 3-15 cm, pilose. Inflorescence of 2-5-flowered, pedunculate, axillary cymes, often umbellate in form; peduncles 1.5-7 cm, pubescent; bracteoles 2-8 mm, filiform, relatively persistent; pedicels 0.5-1.8 cm, pubescent but pilose apically; sepals subequal, 11-17 × 2-3 mm, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, acute to subobtuse, hispid-pilose, more densely so in lower half, inner sepals with scarious margins; corolla 4-5 cm long, funnel-shaped, tube white, limb usually pink, sometimes cream or bluish, glabrous, 4 cm diam., unlobed. Capsules subglobose, 9-11 mm, glabrous, 6-seeded; seeds 5 mm long, appearing glabrous but minutely tomentellous under a microscope.

Illustration.

Figures 5D , 10C , 121E ; Acevedo-Rodríguez (2005: 174); Bosser and Heine (2000: 51); Deroin (2001: 237); Carranza (2007: 102).

Distribution.

Widely distributed throughout the tropics as an escape from cultivation or as a weed. It is abundant in the dry inter-Andean valleys of northern Argentina, Bolivia and Peru between around 1000 m and 2800 m and is similarly abundant in upland areas of Mexico. It is much less common in more humid lowland areas, there are few records from the Cerrado or Chaco biomes, and it is absent from much of Central America, the Guianas and the Caribbean. There is perhaps a scattering of records of cultivated plants amongst the following.

URUGUAY. W.G. Herter 1372 (S).

ARGENTINA. Catamarca: C. Saravia Toledo et al. 12925 (CTES, S), 13037 (CTES, K); S. Venturi 7052 (BM). Córdoba: Dique San Roque, Stuckert 14826 (LIL); Achiras, D.O. King 727 (BM). Entre Ríos: A. Burkart et al. 29583 (K, MO, SI). Jujuy: C. O’Donell 2803 (LIL). La Rioja: Aimogasta, A.T. Hunziker 4995 (LIL). Mendoza: Cuezzo 2655 (LIL). Misiones: Montes 15484 (LIL, S). Salta: L.J. Novara 7406 (G), 8848 (S); M. Dematteis & A. Schinini 2688 (CTES, K). Tucumán: San Pedro de Colalao, S. Venturi 4396 (LP, NY, LIL).

PARAGUAY. Alto Paraná: Est. Río Bonito, E. Zardini & Guerrero 42621 (MO, PY). San Pedro: A.L. Woolston 1254 (K, S).

BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Lindberg 162 (S); Ituiutaba, A. Macedo 4153 (K, S). São Paulo: Heiner 282 (S); W. Hoehne s.n. [29/3/1955] (K).

FRENCH GUIANA. Cultivated fide Lemée (1952).

CHILE: Santiago, Barbosa 5653 (MO)

BOLIVIA. Chuquisaca: Oropeza, Sucre-Yotala, J.R.I. Wood 19287 (HSB, K, LPB); Boeto, Villa Serrano-Nuevo Mundo, J.R.I. Wood 28126 (LPB, OXF, USZ); Tomina, Padilla, J.R.I. Wood et al. 27656 (K, LPB, USZ). Cochabamba: Carrasco, Hoyadas, J.R.I. Wood et al. 19429 (BOLV, HSB, K, LPB, USZ); Cercado, M. Atahuachi 716 (BOLV). La Paz: Nor Yungas, Coripata, M. Bang 2113 (BM, F, GH, K, LPB, NY, MO, US). Potosí: Sud Chichas, F. Zenteno et al. 11569 (K, LPB). Santa Cruz: Caballero, J. Balcazar & Franco 471 (LPB, USZ); Florida, Pampa Grande, P. Acevedo-Rodríguez et al. 4549 (ARIZ, NY, US, USZ). Tarija: Arce, Padcaya-Chaguaya, S.G. Beck et al. 26134 (ARIZ, LPB, MO); Cercado, Pampa Redonda, F. Zenteno et al. 3492 (LPB) - var. diversifolia .

PERU. Amazonas: D.N. Smith & J. Cabanillas 7114 (MO). Ancash: P. Francia 152 (MO). Arequipa: D. Montesinos 2799 (USM). Cajamarca: Huarango, E. Rodríguez 1254 (MO, OXF). Cusco: C. Vargas 537 (CUZ, MO); Anta, C. Vargas 20560 (CUZ) - var. diversifolia . Huancavelica: O. Tovar 5018 (USM) - var. diversifolia . Huánuco: C. Vargas 5270 (CUZ). Junín: F. Woytkowski 35389 (MO). La Libertad: R. Ferreyra 7661 (MO). Lima: R. Ferreyra 6147 (MO). Moquegua: P. Cáceres 2929 (USM). Pasco: D.N. Smith 4130 (MO, USM). Piura: R. Ferreyra 10762 (USM) - var. diversifolia . San Martín: D. Melin 297 (S). Tumbes: C. Díaz et al. 6060 (MO).

ECUADOR. Galápagos: G. Harling 5176 (S). Azuay: C.H. Dodson 11641 (MO). Chimbarazo: H. Lugo 1842 (MO). Imbabura: Ibarra, W. Jameson 408 (BM). Pichincha: X. Cornejo & S. Laegaard 1961 (AAU); E. Asplund 20326 (K, NY, S).

COLOMBIA. Antioquia: J.J. Triana s.n. [6/1857] (COL); L. Uribe 1935 (COL) - var. diversifolia . Boyacá: Tungurahua: M. Acosta-Solis 9064 (F); La Uvita, J. Cuatrecasas 1849 (COL). Cauca: A. Pérez 6074 (COL). Cundinamarca: Santandercito, L. Uribe 584 (COL) - var. diversifolia . Magdalena: Santa Marta, H.H. Smith 1575 (MO). Nariño: A. Fernández 1145 (COL). Valle: P.A. Silverstone-Sopkin 2458 (MO).

VENEZUELA. Moritz 1065 (BM) - var. diversifolia . Dist. Fed.: Caracas, A.H.G. Alston 5441 (BM, S). Miranda: B. Trujillo 18800 (MO). Táchira: J. Steyermark & R. Liesner 118507 (MO).

PANAMA. Chiriquí, E.L. Tyson 5662 (MO).

COSTA RICA. M. Chavarria 670 (K, MO); Alajuela, P. Wilkin 501 (BM) - var. diversifolia ; ibid., P. Wilkin & S. Jennings 120 (BM);.

NICARAGUA. P.P. Moreno 17845 (MO).

EL SALVADOR. Santa Ana, Chalchuapa, D. Rodríguez et al. 1416 (BM).

GUATEMALA. Barcenas Experimental Station, A & A.R. Molina 26902 (BM, F).

MEXICO. Chiapas: D.E. Breedlove 20366 (MO). Chihuahua: E.W. Nelson 6252 (K); Colonia Garcia, C.H.T. Townsend & C.M. Barber 232 (BM, K) - var. diversifolia ; Seven Stars Mine, C.H.T. Townsend & C.M. Barber 413 (BM) - var. diversifolia . Coahuila: J. Gregg 653 (MO); E. Palmer 905 (K) - var. diversifolia . Durango: E. Palmer 639 (BM); E. Palmer 591 (K) - var. diversifolia , 639 (K). Est. México & Dist. Fed.: Temascaltepec, G.B. Hinton 1820 (B, K) - var. diversifolia , 4606 (K), 5414 (BM, K), 6511 (BM, K) - var. diversifolia , 8413 (K), 8455 (S) - var. diversifolia ; E. Bourgeau 624 (K), 727 (K), 1062 (K); C.G. Pringle 6607 (BM, K, S) - var. diversifolia ; H. Iltis et al. 28621 (K) - var. diversifolia . Guanajuato: Haage 944 (K). Guerrero: E. Matuda 96 (MO); G.B. Hinton 9694 (K) - var. diversifolia . Jalisco: E. Palmer 583 (BM, K) - var. diversifolia . Michoacán: G. Arsène 1950 (K) - var. diversifolia ; Morelia, G. Arsène 5473 (BM) - var. diversifolia . Nuevo León: M. Taylor 105 (S). Oaxaca: type of Ipomoea affinis - var. diversifolia . Puebla: Bro. Nicholas s.n. (K); Tehuacan, C.A. Purpus 5732 (BM). Sonora: A.L. Reina & T.R. Van Devender 2005-1651 (MO); Río Mayo, H.S. Gentry 1709 (K) - var. diversifolia . Tamaulipas: L.R. Stanford et al. 2309 (MO). Veracruz: Valle de Córdoba, E. Bourgeau 1728 (K, P, S); Orizaba, M. Botteri 565 (BM, K, OXF) - var. diversifolia . Zacatecas: J.E, Kirkwood 74 (MO).

UNITED STATES. Alabama: G. Een s.n. 26/7/1950 (S). Arizona: W.W. Jones s.n. (K); J. C. Blumer 1807 (K) - var. diversifolia . California: P.H. Raven 7963 (K, S). Florida: fide Wunderlin and Hansen 2011: 392. Georgia: N.C. Craft Coile & C. Dunn 1236 (BM). Kansas: R.L. McGregor 320 (S). Kentucky: G. Een s.n. 23/9/1950 (S). Michigan: M Fallass s.n. [15/10/1897] (ALBC). Mississippi: D.R. Morgan 1447 (MISS, MO). Missouri: G. Yatskievych 96-77 (MO). New Mexico: F.A. Barkley 14710 (S) - var. diversifolia ; Earle & Earle 332 (BM, K) - var. diversifolia . New York: D. Atha & D. McClelland 6873 (NY). North Carolina: Horton 346A (S). South Carolina: Nelson & Boyle 17404 (NY). Tennessee: R. Kral 74450a (BM). Texas: Biltmore 14909 (S). Virginia: E.K. Balls 7705 (BM, K).

CANADA. Ontario: Macoun s.n. (K).

CUBA. Pinar del Río: Viñales, Britton & Britton 7530 (NY).

PUERTO RICO. A. Stahl 791 (NY).

Typification.

The plate (t.121b) in Ruiz and Pavón (1799) is chosen as lectotype of Ipomoea villosa in preference to the collection at Madrid (MA814679) as this was collected in 1800 after the publication of Ipomoea villosa and, in any case, represents a mixed gathering, apparently from Ecuador.

Notes.

Ipomoea purpurea is quite variable. It usually has entire leaves but sometimes lobed-leaved specimens occur, apparently more commonly in Mexico than in South America. Specimens with lobed leaves can be named Ipomoea purpurea var. diversifolia (Lindl.) O'Donell (1953a: 385) .

Specimens with lobed leaves can be confused with Ipomoea nil but can usually be distinguished by the shorter oblong-lanceolate sepals and pink flowers. However, flower colour is variable and occasional specimens are difficult to assign to species. The sepals are usually subobtuse but specimens are found with very acute sepals, such as Rodríguez 1254 (MO, OXF) from Peru. R. Ferreyra 10762 is a short erect specimen from the Peruvian coastal desert region.

Figures

Figure 5. Sepals of Ipomoea species. A Ipomoea descolei B I. paraguariensis C I. australis D I. purpurea (left), I. nil (right) E I. incarnata F I. pintoi G I. maurandioides H I. pubescens. Photographs of A by Hector Keller; B and G by T. Carruthers; C (Wood et al. 27708); E (Wood 27756) and H (Wood 27675) by Beth Williams; D by John Pink; F (Queiroz 15956) by Hibert Huaylla.

Figure 10. Pollen of Ipomoea species. A I. triloba (D'Arcy 317) B I. cryptica (Steinbach 6311) C I. purpurea (Parada & Rojas 2664) D I. alba (Wood et al. 27828) E I. dumosa (Hinton et al. 9479) F I. hederifolia (Queiroz 15975) G I. stans (Y. Mexia 275112) H I. suffulta (Pringle 4755). Photos by Robert Scotland.

Figure 121. Photographs of Ipomoea species. A I. indica B I. hederacea C I. pubescens D I. alba E I. purpurea (colour variants). A John Pink B Steven Turner C Darwin Initiative Project 162 / 11 / 010 D Tom Carruthers E Darwin Initiative Project 162 / 11 / 010.