Julida, Brandt, 1833

Shelley, Rowland M., Morrill, Elizabeth D. & Faber, David A., 2014, A julid milliped in Chilean Patagonia, and a compilation of ordinal representatives in South America and associated islands (Diplopoda: Julida, Insecta Mundi 2014 (366), pp. 1-8 : 2

Julida of South America and associated islands

Julida is exclusively Holarctic and hence not native to South America ( Brölemann 1909, Hoffman 1980, Enghoff 1993, Shelley and Golovatch 2011). The closest indigenous julidan is “ Parajulus ” schmidti australis Shelley, 2008 ( Parajulidae : Parajulinae: Parajulini), in El Salvador, around 1,464 km (915 mi) northwest of the Panama / Colombia border ( Shelley 2008), so all South American julidans have been introduced by man. Ostensibly native South American species described in, or assigned to, Julus L., 1758, by early authors ( Brandt 1833, 1840, 1841; Lucas 1840; Gervais 1847; Saussure 1860; Karsch 1881; Tömösváry 1885; etc.) belong to the other juliformian orders, Spirobolida and Spirostreptida. Brölemann (1909) summarized South American julidans, and species addressed/described by Brandt and Gervais were further treated and/or modernly reassigned by Golovatch and Hoffman (2000) and Mauriès et al. (2001). The only name that Brölemann (1909) could not then place was that of the Brazilian species, Julus crassicornis Mikan, 1834 , subsequently cited by Brandt (1840, 1841) and Gervais (1847), which he considered a nomen nudum.

To the best of our knowledge, the first South American record of an authentic julidan is of the blaniulid, Nopoiulus kochii ( Gervais, 1847) (= Blaniulus pulchellus Leach, 1814 ), from a garden in old Cavancha, Iquique, Chile ( Attems 1903:81), which Brölemann (1909) overlooked. To facilitate studies on continental Diplopoda, RMS scoured potential references and found records for two julidan families, three genera, and five species that we cite taxonomically below under modern names with localities and citations. All are from southern South America, particularly Chile, and occurrences are depicted in Fig. 4 . More surely exist, but some better known and important works, like that of Carl (1914) on Colombia, lack them. Most records appear under old or archaic names that we also cite. Sources for modern names are Blower (1985) and the Fauna Europaea website (http://www.faunaeur.org/); taxonomy is per Hoffman (1980), Enghoff (1990), Shelley (2003), Enghoff et al. (2011), and Shear (2011).

Figures

Figure 4. Julida occurrences in South America and localities relevant to southern Patagonian diplopods;. BLACK: Dots, Cylindroiulus sp.?, Puerto San Julian, possible type locality for Propolyxenus patagonicus (Polyxenida/ ae). ¿, lower Santa Cruz River, possible type locality for P. patagonicus. BLUE: Triangle, C. britannicus; Star, C. truncorum; Dots, C. latestriatus. RED: Triangle, Brachyiulus pusillus; Dots, Nopoiulus kochii; Stars, unidentified Juloidea. Some markings denote two or more closely proximate sites; those in the Pacific Ocean west of Chile represent occurrences in the Juan Fernandez Islands. The bold arrows point to the location of Parque Nacional Alerces, Chubut Prov., Argentina.