Scipopus (Scipopus), 1922

Lindsay, Kate & Marshall, Stephen A., 2023, A revision of Scipopus Enderlein including the subgenera Scipopus s. str., Phaeopterina Frey and Parascipopus subgen. nov. (Diptera, Micropezidae, Taeniapterinae), European Journal of Taxonomy 904, pp. 1-189 : 23-25

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.5852/ejt.2023.904.2323

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C2FCC15D-1DE5-4198-B867-EE4C582BA689

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10406151

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/75B16026-19C0-4736-9B53-7C2715029568

taxon LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:act:75B16026-19C0-4736-9B53-7C2715029568

treatment provided by

Plazi (2023-11-09 09:39:29, last updated 2024-11-29 10:20:28)

scientific name

Scipopus (Scipopus)
status

s. str.

Scipopus (Scipopus) View in CoL s. str. Enderlein, 1922

Scipopus Enderlein, 1922: 208 View in CoL

(type species: Scipopus erythrocephalus ( Fabricius, 1805)) View in CoL .

Scipopus View in CoL – Enderlein 1922: 165 (key), 208 (diagnosis, key). — Frey 1927: 68 (keyed), 74 (list). — Cresson 1930: 324 (diagnosis). — Curran 1934a: 450 (keyed), 451 (key); 1934b: 305 (key). — Hennig 1934: 72 (keyed), 321 (diagnosis, key). — Aczél 1949: 339 (catalog); 1951: 534, 538 (key). — Steyskal 1968: 48.15 (catalog). — Albuquerque 1971: 89 (diagnosis). — Schumann 1988: 115 (list). — Marshall 2010: 810 (key), 812 (notes). — Ferro & de Carvalho 2014: 53 (key), 59 (diagnosis, list). — Martinez-Alava & Serna 2015: 345 (distribution). — Marshall et al. 2016: 543 (catalog). — Martinez et al. 2020: 180 (phoretic relationships).

Diagnosis

Frontal vitta orange. Thorax, abdominal tergites, wings and legs dark brown or black. Thoracic pleuron with varying patterns of white and brown microtrichosity; anepisternum always white microtrichose on majority of anteroventral ⅓ and anteroventral margin, primarily brown microtrichose on at least posterior ⅓. Thorax stout, height greater than length (thorax ratio ≤0.93). Common spermathecal duct rugose, clearly delineated from smooth paired duct; single spermathecal duct arising from basal portion of paired duct.

Remarks

Scipopus was originally diagnosed by the bare arista, short anal cell (cua) and very short third costal sector, but all of these character states also occur in combination in other species outside of Scipopus . Most relatively large black or dark brown micropezids with a contrasting orange or red head belong to Scipopus s. lat., and all species of Scipopus s. str. have this characteristic colour combination. The characteristic pattern of white microtrichosity on the mesopleuron provides a new, reliably diagnostic character for the subgenus.

Description

LENGTH. 9–16 mm.

HEAD. Antenna orange. Frontal vitta dull, orange, microtrichose. Orbital plate dull, orange, microtrichose ( Fig. 10A View Fig ), or with shiny, bare anterior patches ( Fig. 11C View Fig ). Anterior frontal vitta with scattered black setulae. Epicephalon orange to black, either shiny and clearly delineated from upper frontal vitta ( Fig. 7C View Fig ) or dull and not clearly delineated ( Fig. 17B View Fig ). Paracephalon orange to black, shiny, slightly convex ( Fig. 22H View Fig ) to strongly convex with upturned bumps ( Fig. 29C View Fig ). Head chaetotaxy always including inner vertical, postocellar, upper fronto-orbital seta, and 1–2 lower fronto-orbital seta; outer vertical seta usually present (absent in S. (S.) wokomung sp. nov. and sometimes absent in S. (S.) chalybeus ). Palpus narrow (length 3.6–6.0× width), nearly parallel-sided, rounded and tapered apically, pale microtrichose and black setulose. Clypeus orange to black, usually twice as wide as high, sometimes much higher than wide (as in S. (S.) convexus sp. nov. and S. (S.) nigripennis ) ( Fig. 15A View Fig ), usually bare medially and microtrichose posterolaterally (entirely white microtrichose in S. (S.) chalybeus ) ( Fig. 13A View Fig ).

THORAX. Cervical sclerite dark brown or black, white microtrichose, subquadrate, usually relatively flat or slightly convex, but anterior part swollen in females of S. (S.) chalybeus ( Fig. 13C View Fig ). Mesothorax robust, only slightly tapered anteriorly. Thorax ratio (length/height) always less than 0.93. Anterior edge of mesonotum elevated (most clearly seen laterally), with surface becoming anteriorly humped ( Fig. 13G View Fig ), convex ( Fig. 7D View Fig ) or relatively flat ( Fig. 33B View Fig ). Postpronotal lobe distinct, dark brown or black, raised, slightly tapered anteriorly, length ~2.0–2.5× height ( Fig. 30A View Fig ). Notopleuron brown or black, often with interspecifically varying patterns of silvery or pale brown microtrichia ( Figs 27 View Fig , 34G View Fig ). Pleuron dark brown or black with variable patterns of white and brown microtrichosity; anepisternum always white on most of anteroventral ⅓ and anteroventral margin, brown on majority of posterior ⅓ ( Fig. 7E View Fig ). Legs dark brown or black, fore and hind tarsomere 1 partially or entirely white, or entirely black or brown dorsally, often with ventral golden fringe. Scutellum with two long, strong apical setae (2.0× length of scutellum), and 1–3 pairs of short, lateral or dorsolateral discal setulae.

WING. Uniformly brown infuscate.

ABDOMEN. Tergites dark brown or black. T1 with fine white, and/or black or dark brown setae, remainder of abdomen with short black or dark brown setulae. T1 (especially posterior margin), posterior margin or corners of T2, anterior margin of T3, entirety or lateral edges of T4, and entirety of T5–6 usually very indisctinctly white microtrichose, more obvious in some species (as in S. (S.) planus sp. nov. and S. (S.) convexus sp. nov.). Pleuron with P1, upper half of P2 and sometimes upper half of P3–6 either almost entirely black, pale grey, or off-white and dark brown ( Fig. 13G View Fig ).

FEMALE ABDOMEN. T1+2 1.1–2.8× length of T3. Oviscape dark brown or black, variable in dimension but tapered distally and sparsely covered in short black setulae, anterior ⅓ usually entirely or partially white microtrichose ( Fig. 6A–B View Fig ). Common spermathecal duct arising from bursa, roughly textured and ranging from very short (almost absent) ( Fig. 11B View Fig ) to very long (¾ of entire combined duct length) ( Fig. 8C View Fig ), clearly delineated from paired duct. Paired spermathecal duct smooth, ranging from short and wide ( Fig. 17E View Fig ) to long and narrow ( Fig. 20B View Fig ). Paired spermathecal stems bare ( Fig. 17E View Fig ) or with spiked or finger-like projections ( Fig. 11B View Fig ); paired spermatheca striate, usually spherical or ovoid ( Fig. 20B View Fig ), sometimes elongate ( Fig.15B View Fig ). Single spermathecal duct arising from basal portion of paired duct, smooth and narrow, swollen distally, ending in usually one but sometimes two finger- or bulb-like spermathecae ( Fig. 14B View Fig ).

MALE ABDOMEN. T1+2 1.4–2.9× length of T3. Genital fork dark brown or black, white microtrichose, arms with inner basal process ( Fig. 24B View Fig ), length and shape of arms and processes variable. Epandrium dark brown or black, white microtrichose and setulose, stout (length ≈ height) to elongate (length ≥ 2.0× height). Basiphallus usually small, crescent-shaped when viewed ventrally ( Fig. 22F View Fig ). Basal distiphallus usually very short and wide (1.0–2.0 × length of phallic bulb), ending or partially enclosing phallic bulb ( Fig 10C View Fig ). Phallic bulb usually short, somewhat spherical, with multiple chambers, sometimes with posterior projections ( Fig. 22F View Fig ). Distal distiphallus short (shorter than epandrium) to long (> 2.0× length of epandrium), usually narrow ( Fig. 10C View Fig ). Phallapodeme slender or broad, may or may not be expanded apically. Ejaculatory apodeme varying in size, usually with a fan-like apodeme attached to a bulbous sperm pump ( Fig. 15D View Fig ).

Aczel M. L. 1949. Catalogo de la familia de las Tylidae (Calobatidae + Micropezidae + Neriidae, Diptera) en la region neotropical. Acta Zoologica Lilloana 8: 309 - 389.

Albuquerque L. P. 1971. Contribuicao ao conhecimento das especies do genero Scipopus Enderlein, 1922 (Diptera-Micropezidae). Acta Amazonica 1 (3): 89 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 1809 - 43921971013089

Cresson E. T. 1930. Notes on and descriptions of some neotropical Neriidae and Micropezidae (Diptera). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 56: 307 - 362.

Curran C. H. 1934 a. The Diptera of Kartabo, Bartica District, British Guiana. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 66 (3): 287 - 232.

Enderlein G. 1922. Klassifikation der Micropeziden. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte A 88 (5): 140 - 229.

Fabricius J. C. 1805. Systema antliatorum secundum ordines, genera, species, adiectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. C. Reichard, Brunsvigae [Braunschweig, Germany]. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15806

Ferro G. B. & de Carvalho C. J. B. 2014. A pictorial key and diagnosis of the Brazilian genera of Micropezidae. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 58 (1): 52 - 62. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0085 - 56262014000100009

Frey R. 1927. Zur Systematik der Diptera Haplostomata. III. Fam. Micropezidae. Notulae Entomologicae 7: 65 - 76.

Hennig W. 1934. Revision der Tyliden (Dipt., Acalypt.). I. Teil: Die Taeniapterinae Amerikas. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 95: 65 - 108, 294 - 330.

Marshall S. A. 2010. Micropezidae. In: Brown B. V., Borkent A., Cumming J. M., Wood D. M., Woodley N. E. & Zumbado M. (eds) Manual of Central American Diptera: 805 - 813. National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON.

Marshall S., Cardona A. & Wolff M. 2016. Family Micropezidae. In: Wolff M., Nihei S. & Carvalho C. (eds) Catalog of Diptera of Colombia 4122 (1): 538 - 548. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4122.1.40

Martinez-Alava J. O. & Serna F. 2015. Managing insect collections. Micropezidae (Diptera: Nerioidea) of the Entomological Museum UNAB. Agronomia Colombiana 33 (3): 339 - 347. https: // doi. org / 10.15446 / agron. colomb. v 33 n 3.52432

Schumann H. 1988. Die Micropeziden-Typen der Dipteren-Sammlung des Zoologischen Museums in Berlin. Mitteilungen aus dem zoologischen Museum in Berlin 64: 83 - 155. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnz. 19880640104

Steyskal G. C. 1968. Family Micropezidae. A Catalog of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States 48. Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria da Agricultura, Sao Paulo. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 110114

Gallery Image

Fig. 10. Scipopus (Scipopus) calocephalus Cresson, 1926. A. Head, ♀, anterior view, Costa Rica, nontype (MNCR). B. Male genital fork, ventral view, Costa Rica, non-type (MNCR). C. Male terminalia, lateral view, Costa Rica, non-type (MNCR). D. Female spermathecae and associated structures, Costa Rica, non-type (MNCR). E. Head and thorax, ♂, dorsal view, Costa Rica, non-type (DEBU). F. Living, ♂, Soltis Center, Costa Rica. G. Thorax,♀, left lateral view, illustrating white microtrichosity. Abbreviations: b = basiphallus; bc = bursa copulatrix; bdp = basal distiphallus; cd = common duct; ddp = distal distiphallus; e = epandrium; ea = ejaculatory apodeme; h = hypandrium; p = phallapodeme; pb = phallic bulb; pd = paired spermathecal duct; ps = paired spermatheca; pss = paired spermathecal stems; sd = single spermathecal duct; sp = sperm pump; ss = single spermatheca.

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Fig. 11. Scipopus (Scipopus) cartaboensis Cresson, 1926. A. Head, ♀, anterior view, Guyana, nontype (ROM). B. Female spermathecae and associated structures, French Guiana, non-type (DEBU). C. Head and thorax, ♀, dorsal view, Guyana, non-type (ROM). D. Male terminalia (damaged), lateral view, French Guiana, non-type (CMNH). E. Male genital fork, ventral view, French Guiana, non-type (CMNH). F. Thorax, ♀, left lateral view, illustrating white microtrichosity, non-type. G. Living, ♀, Brazil. Abbreviations: b = basiphallus; bc = bursa copulatrix; bdp = basal distiphallus; e = epandrium; lsp = lateral shiny patches; pb = phallic bulb; pd = paired spermathecal duct; ps = paired spermathecae; pss = paired spermathecal stems; ss = single spermatheca.

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Fig. 7. Scipopus (Scipopus) belzebul (Schiner, 1868) (IAVH). A. Head, ♀, anterior view, Colombia, nontype. B. Female spermathecae and associated structures, Colombia, non-type. C. Head and thorax, ♀, dorsal view, Colombia, non-type. D. Habitus, ♀, Colombia, non-type. E. Thorax, ♀, left lateral view, illustrating white microtrichosity, Colombia, non-type. Abbreviations: afv = anterior frontal vitta; an = anepisternum; cd = common duct; epi = epicephalon; op = fronto-orbital plate; para = paracephalon; pd = paired spermathecal duct; pfv = posterior frontal vitta; ps = paired spermatheca; pss = paired spermathecal stems; sd = single spermathecal duct.

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Fig. 17. Scipopus (Scipopus) diversus (Schiner, 1868). A. Male terminalia, ventral view, Brazil, nontype (INPA). B. Head and thorax, ♀, dorsal view, French Guiana, non-type (DEBU). C. Male terminalia, lateral view, Brazil, non-type (INPA). D. Head, ♀, anterior view, French Guiana, non-type (DEBU). E. Female spermathecae and associated structures, French Guiana, non-type (DEBU). F. Male genital fork, ventral view, Brazil, non-type (INPA). G. Living, ♀, Ecuador (INPA). H. Postpronotal lobe, left lateral view, non-type (CBFC). Abbreviations: b = basiphallus; bc = bursa copulatrix; bdp = basal distiphallus; cd = common duct; ddp = distal distiphallus; e = epandrium; ea = ejaculatory apodeme; h = hypandrium; p = phallapodeme; pb = phallic bulb; pd = paired spermathecal duct; ps = paired spermatheca; pss = paired spermathecal stems; sd = single spermathecal duct; sp = sperm pump; ss = single spermatheca.

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Fig. 22. Scipopus (Scipopus) furcifer Hennig, 1934. A. Head, ♀, anterior view, Mexico, non-type (DEBU). B. Male genital fork, ventral view, Mexico, non-type (TAUI). C. Female spermathecae and associated structures, Mexico, non-type (TAUI). D. Head and thorax, ♀, dorsal view, Mexico, non-type (DEBU). E. Male terminalia, lateral view, Mexico, non-type (TAUI). F. Male terminalia, ventral view, Mexico, non-type (TAUI). G. Habitus, ♀, Mexico, non-type (DEBU). H. Head, lateral view, red line indicating slight convexity, Mexico, syntype (SDEI) (Photo credit: Frank Menzel). Abbreviations: b = basiphallus; bc = bursa copulatrix; bdp = basal distiphallus; cd = common duct; ddp = distal distiphallus; e = epandrium; ea = ejaculatory apodeme; h = hypandrium; p = phallapodeme; pb = phallic bulb; pd = paired spermathecal duct; ps = paired spermatheca; pss = paired spermathecal stems; sd = single spermathecal duct; sp = sperm pump; ss = single spermatheca.

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Fig. 29. Scipopus (Scipopus) planus sp. nov. A. Head, ♀, anterior view, holotype (CBFC). B. Male genital fork, ventral view, Peru, paratype (MUSM). C. Head and thorax, ♀, dorsal view, holotype (CBFC). D. Male terminalia, lateral view, Peru, paratype (MUSM). E. Habitus, ♀, Bolivia, paratype (CBFC). F. Female spermathecae and associated structures, Bolivia, paratype (CBFC). Abbreviations: b = basiphallus; bc = bursa copulatrix; bdp = basal distiphallus; cd = common duct; ddp = distal distiphallus; e = epandrium; ea = ejaculatory apodeme; h = hypandrium; p = phallapodeme; pb = phallic bulb; pd = paired spermathecal duct; ps = paired spermatheca; pss = paired spermathecal stems; sd = single spermathecal duct; sp = sperm pump; ss = single spermatheca.

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Fig. 15. Scipopus (Scipopus) convexus sp. nov. A. Head, ♂, anterolateral view, Peru, paratype (MUSM). B. Female spermathecae and associated structures, Peru, paratype (MUSM). C. Head and thorax, ♀, dorsal view, Colombia, non-type (IAVH). D. Male terminalia, lateral view, Bolivia, paratype (CBFC). E. Habitus, ♂, Bolivia, paratype (CBFC). F. Living, teneral ♂, Bolivia. G. Male genital fork, ventral view, Bolivia, paratype (CBFC). Abbreviations: b = basiphallus; bdp = basal distiphallus; cd = common duct; ddp = distal distiphallus; e = epandrium; ea = ejaculatory apodeme; h = hypandrium; p = phallapodeme; pb = phallic bulb; pd = paired spermathecal duct; ps = paired spermatheca; pss = paired spermathecal stems; sd = single spermathecal duct; sp = sperm pump; ss = single spermatheca.

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Fig. 13. Scipopus (Scipopus) chalybeus Hennig, 1934. A. Clypeus, anterior view, ♀, non-type. B. Male genital fork, ventral view, Bolivia, non-type (CBFC). C. Head and thorax, dorsal view, ♀, highlighting cervical sclerite, Ecuador, non-type (USNM). D. Male terminalia, ventral view, Bolivia, non-type (CBFC). E. Female spermathecae and associated structures, Bolivia, non-type (CBFC). F. Male terminalia, lateral view, Bolivia, non-type (CBFC). G. Habitus, ♀, Ecuador, non-type (USNM). Abbreviations: b = basiphallus; bdp = basal distiphallus; cd = common duct; cs = cervical sclerite; ddp = distal distiphallus; e = epandrium; h = hypandrium; p = phallapodeme; pb = phallic bulb; pd = paired spermathecal duct; ps = paired spermathecae; pss = paired spermathecal stems; sd = single spermathecal duct; sp = sperm pump; ss = single spermatheca.

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Fig. 33. Scipopus (Scipopus) striatithorax Hennig, 1943, holotype, ♀ (MLUH). A. Head and thorax, dorsal view. B. Habitus.

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Fig. 30. Scipopus (Scipopus) planus sp. nov. (CBFC).A.Anterior thorax, lateral view, ♀. B. Thorax, ♀, left lateral view, illustrating white microtrichosity. C. Living, ♀, Brazil. Abbreviations: an = anepisternum; ans = anterior notopleural seta; cs = cervical sclerite; n = notopleuron; pem = proepimeron; pes = proepisternum; pess = proepisternal seta; ppl = postpronotal lobe.

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Fig. 27. Variation in white microtrichosity on the left thoracic pleuron of Scipopus (Scipopus) nigripennis (Hendel, 1922). A. Thorax ♂, Costa Rica. B. Thorax, ♀, Costa Rica.

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Fig. 34. Scipopus (Scipopus) wokomung sp. nov. (ROM). A. Male terminalia, lateral view, Guyana, paratype. B. Male genital fork, ventral view, Guyana, paratype. C. Female spermathecae and associated structures, Guyana, paratype.D. Head, ♀, anterior view, Guyana, paratype. E. Head and thorax, ♀, dorsal view, Guyana, paratype. F. Habitus, ♀, Guyana, paratype. G. Thorax, ♀, left lateral view, illustrating white microtrichosity. Abbreviations: b = basiphallus; bc = bursa copulatrix; bdp = basal distiphallus; cd = common duct; ddp = distal distiphallus; e = epandrium; ea = ejaculatory apodeme; h = hypandrium; p = phallapodeme; pb = phallic bulb; pd = paired spermathecal duct; ps = paired spermatheca; pss = paired spermathecal stems; ss = ‘single’ spermathecae (2 present); vr = ventral receptacle.

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Fig. 6. Variation in oviscape white microtrichosity. A. Scipopus (Scipopus) planus sp. nov. B. Scipopus (Scipopus) belzebul (Schiner, 1868). C. Scipopus (Parascipopus) nigriscapus subgen. et sp. nov.

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Fig. 8. Scipopus (Scipopus) brikelos sp. nov. A. Head, ♀, anterior view, Costa Rica, paratype (DEBU). B. Female spermathecae and associated structures, Costa Rica, paratype (DEBU).C. Head and thorax, ♀, dorsal view, Costa Rica, paratype (DEBU). D. Male terminalia, lateral view, Costa Rica, paratype (MNCR). E. Male genital fork, ventral view, Costa Rica, paratype (MNCR). F. Thorax, ♀, left lateral view, Costa Rica, paratype (DEBU). Abbreviations: b = basiphallus; bdp = basal distiphallus; cd = common duct; ddp = distal distiphallus; e = epandrium; gf = genital fork; pb = phallic bulb; pd = paired spermathecal duct; ps = paired spermathecae; pss = paired spermathecal stems; sd = single spermathecal duct; ss = single spermatheca.

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Fig. 20. Scipopus (Scipopus) erythrocephalus (Fabricius, 1805). A. Head, anterior view, ♀, Ecuador, non-type (QCAZ). B. Female spermathecae and associated structures, Ecuador, non-type (DEBU). C. Head and thorax, dorsal view, ♀, Ecuador, non-type (QCAZ). D. Male terminalia, lateral view, Ecuador, non-type (DEBU). E. Living, J, Bolivia. F. Male genital fork, ventral view, Ecuador, nontype (DEBU). Abbreviations: b = basiphallus; bdp = basal distiphallus; cd = common duct; ddp = distal distiphallus; e = epandrium; ea = ejaculatory apodeme; h = hypandrium; p = phallapodeme; pb = phallic bulb; pd = paired spermathecal duct; ps = paired spermatheca; pss = paired spermathecal stems; sd = single spermathecal duct; sp = sperm pump; ss = single spermatheca.

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Fig. 14. Scipopus (Scipopus) chalybeus Hennig, 1934. A. Left wing, ventral view (USNM). B. Female spermathecae and associated structures, Colombia, non-type (IAVH). C. Living, Ecuador. D. Thorax, left lateral view, illustrating white microtrichosity. Abbreviations: bc = bursa copulatrix; cd = common duct; pd = paired spermathecal duct; ps = paired spermathecae; sd = single spermathecal duct; ss = single spermatheca.

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Fig. 24. Scipopus (Scipopus) lateralis Hennig, 1934. A. Head, ♀, anterior view, Ecuador, non-type (DEBU). B. Male genital fork, ventral view, Ecuador, non-type (QCAZ). C. Right lateral view, ♀, Ecuador, paratype (DEBU). D. Male terminalia, lateral view, Ecuador, non-type (QCAZ). E. Female spermathecae and associated structures, Ecuador, non-type (DEBU). F. Head and thorax, ♀, dorsal view, Ecuador, non-type (DEBU). G. Habitus, ♀, Ecuador, non-type (DEBU). H. Thorax, ♀, left lateral view, illustrating white microtrichosity. Abbreviations: a = genital fork arms; b = basiphallus; bc = bursa copulatrix; bdp = basal distiphallus; cd = common duct; ddp = distal distiphallus; e = epandrium; ea = ejaculatory apodeme; h = hypandrium; ibp = inner basal process; p = phallapodeme; pb = phallic bulb; pd = paired spermathecal duct; ps = paired spermatheca; pss = paired spermathecal stems; sd = single spermathecal duct; ss = single spermatheca; vr = ventral receptacle.

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Diptera

SuperFamily

Nerioidea

Family

Micropezidae

SubFamily

Taeniapterinae

Genus

Scipopus