Colydium noblecourti, Parmain & Eckelt & Schuh, 2024

Parmain, Guilhem, Eckelt, Andreas & Schuh, Rudolf, 2024, The genus Colydium Fabricius in Europe (Coleoptera, Zopheridae, Colydiinae) with description of a new species, Colydium noblecourti sp. nov., Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 71 (2), pp. 289-301 : 289-301

Colydium noblecourti sp. nov.

Figs 1 A – E , 5 , 6

Type locality.

Austria, Wien, 13. Bezirk, Lainzer Tiergarten, Johannserkogel, 320 m a. s. l., 48°11'36"N, 16°13'10"E.

Type material.

Holotype • ♂ (Fig. 1 A–E ); Original label: “ AUT. W. Lainzer Tiergarten, Johannserkogel N , 16.21968 / 48.19335 320 m, 28. IV. 2016 leg. Eckelt A. ” “ DNA Barcode, TLMF Col 00203 ” “ HOLOTYPE ♂, Colydium noblecourti sp. nov., des. Parmain, Eckelt and Schuh 2024 [red printed label] ” ( TLF) . Paratypes. (250 exx.); Andorra • 1 ♀; La Massana ; 16. Jan. 1998, H. Brustel leg. ( HB) • 3 ♂; La Massana , 25. Feb. 2008, H. Brustel leg. ( HB) . Austria – Wien • 1 ♀; Lainzer Tiergarten ; 24. Jul. 1965; Vogl leg. ( CSW) • 1 ♂; Lainzer Tiergarten ; 8. May 1996; E. Holzer leg. ( CSW) • 1 ♂; Lainzer Tiergarten , 2. Jul. 1966; C. Holzschuh leg. ( CSW) • 1 ♂; Lainzer Tiergarten, Johannser Kogel, Nordseite , 300 m a. s. l.; 19. Apr. 1995; M. Kahlen leg. ( TLF) • 1 ex.; Lainzer Tiergarten , Aug. 1954; F. Schubert leg. ( NMW) • 1 ex.; Lainzer Tiergarten , 29. Jul. 1951; C. Holzschuh leg. ( CHV) • 1 ex.; Lainzer Tiergarten , 6. Sep. 1969; C. Holzschuh leg. ( CHV) • 1 ex.; Lainzer Tiergarten , 14. May 2007; W. Hansely leg. ( CSW) – Niederösterreich • 2 exx.; Wienerwald ; Kubinyi leg. ( CHV) • 1 ex.; Wien Umgebung, Mariabrunn ; 22. May 1966; C. Holzschuh leg. ( CHV) • 2 exx.; Lunz ; Kaufmann leg. ( NMW) • 1 ex.; Wien Umgebung ; Haberditz leg. ( NMW) • 1 ex.; Wien Umgebung ; Hoffmann leg. ( NMW) • 1 ex.; Klosterneuburg, Donau-Auen ; 7. Apr. 1947; Lechner leg. ( NMW) • 1 ex.; Klosterneuburg, Wienerwald ; 8. Apr. 1947; Lechner leg. ( NMW) • 2 exx.; Pressbaum ; 21. Mar. 1948; Lechner leg. ( NMW) • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Bez. Wiener Neustadt, Bad Fischau, Kürassier , 400 m a. s. l.; 15. Apr. 1990; R. Schuh leg. ( CSW) • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Wiener Neustadt, 1 km SSE Feuerwerksanstalt ; 7. Jan. 2007; R. Schuh leg. ( CSW) • 1 ♀; Bez. Neunkirchen, Raxgebiet, Hinternasswald , 800 m a. s. l.; 23. May 2005; W. Hansely leg. ( CSW) • 1 ♀; Wiener Neustadt, Föhrenwald ; 10. Apr. 1993; R. Schuh leg. ( CSW) • 1 ♂; Bez. Baden, Helenental, Hoher Lindkogel, Nordseite , Umg. Cholerakapelle , 300 m a. s. l.; 11. May 2024; R. Schuh leg. ( CSW) • 1 ♂; Neulengbach ; 2. Apr. 1980; A. Dostal leg. ( CSW) – Burgenland • 6 ♂, 6 ♀; Bez. Mattersburg: Gruskogel Westseite 4 km SSW Marz; 450 m a. s. l.; 8. Apr. 2007; R. Schuh leg. ( CSW) – Steiermark • 2 exx.; Bez. Hartberg-Fürstenfeld, Vorau ; 28. Apr. 1958; C. Holzschuh leg. ( CHV) • 3 ♂; Gams bei Frohnleiten; Gamsgraben ; 47°18'23,5"N, 15°14'49,3"E; 25. Jul. 2011; A. Eckelt leg. ( AE) • 2 exx.; Gams o F; Apr. 1966; ( NMW) – Kärnten • 8 exx.; Bez. Klagenfurt Land, Forchsee ; 9. Mar. 1999; C. Holzschuh leg. ( CHV, CSW) • 1 ex.; Bez. Villach Land: Gerlitzen, Deutschberg ; 1300 m a. s. l.; 10. Jul. 2010; C. Holzschuh leg. ( CHV) • 3 exx.; Bez. Spittal an der Drau, Siflitzberg ; Konschegg leg. ( NMW) • 2 exx.; Villach ; Holdhaus leg. ( NMW) • 1 ♀; Hermagor ; 12. May 1964; C. Holzschuh leg. ( CHV) • 1 ♀; Bez. Spittal an der Drau, Edling ; 14. Feb. 1961; C. Holzschuh leg. ( CHV) • 1 ♂; Bez. Klagenfurt Land, Kreuzbergl ; 6. Mar. 1990; R. Preiss leg. ( CSW) • 1 ex.; Eisenkappel ; 20. Jun. 1968; ( NMW) – Osttirol • 1 ex.; Lienz, Weg nach Bannberg ; 2. Apr. 1967; A. Kofler leg. ( TLF) • 1 ♂; Lienz, Tristacher See ; 26. Jul. 1961; C. Holzschuh leg. ( CHV) – Tirol • 1 ex.; Karwendel, Absam N, Egg SW, Heuberg-Latschen ; 985 m a. s. l.; 10. Apr. – 8. May 2016; M. Kahlen leg; window trap ( TLF) • 1 ex.; Karwendel, Absam N, Egg SW, Heuberg-Flecke ; 1000–1050 m a. s. l.; 20. Dec. 2015; M. Kahlen leg. ( TLF) • 1 ex.; Karwendel, Absam N, Egg SW, Heuberg-Latschen ; 1036 m a. s. l.; 8. May – 7. Jun. 2016; M. Kahlen leg.; window trap ( TLF) – Oberösterreich • 1 ♀; NP Kalkalpen, Brandfläche Hagler ; 47°46'24"N, 14°17'48"E; 1500 m a. s. l.; 7. Jul. 2011; A. Eckelt leg. ( AE) • 1 ♀; NP Kalkalpen, Bodinggraben, östl. Gamskitzgraben ; 47°47'03,1"N, 14°22'16,5"E; 700 m a. s. l.; 7. Jul. 2011; A. Eckelt leg. ( AE) . Bosnia • 3 exx.; District Mostar, Blagaj ; 12. Apr. 1920 ( NMW) . Croatia • 1 ♀; ex coll. Oberthür; ( CSW) . Czech Republic • 5 ♂, 1 ♀; floodplain of Lower Morava, Dyje ; 24. Apr. – 16. May 2012; S. Vodka, D. Hauck & L. Cizek leg. ( CASP) • 2 ♀; Beskiden [Beskydy mountains]; Borth leg. ( CSW, CHV) • 1 ♂; Moravia, Brno ; 22. Feb. 1997; P. Čechovsky leg. ( CSW) • 1 ♂; central Bohemia, Loučeň ; 21. May 2004; L. Daněk leg. ( CSW) . France • 1 ex.; Aube, Maraye-en-Othe ; 14. Apr. 2007; F. Soldati leg. ( LNEF) • 2 exx.; Loiret, Nogent-sur-Vernisson, Domaine des Barres ; 20. Jun. 2022; G. Parmain & C. Moliard leg. ( GP) • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Loiret, Nogent-sur-Vernisson, Domaine des Barres ; 3. May 2023; G. Parmain & C. Moliard leg. ( GP) • 1 ♀; FD Bercé ; 13. May 2014; A. Jeanneau leg. ( AJ) • 1 ♀; Bois du Château d’Angervilliers ; 27. May 2020; B. Mériguet leg. ( BM) • 1 ♂, 2 ♀; FD Chantilly ; 27. Apr. 2022; C. Moliard leg. ( GP) • 2 ♂, 6 ♀; FD Chantilly ; 25. May 2022; C. Moliard leg. ( GP, INRAE) • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; FD Rambouillet ; 3. Feb. 2004; F. Arnaboldi leg. ( FA) • 1 ♀; Rambouillet ; 19. Mar. 2003; B. Mériguet leg. ( PZ) • 1 ♂; FD Rambouillet ; 30. May – 30. Jun. 2006; C. Bouget leg. ( INRAE) • 1 ♂; FD Rambouillet ; 25. Sep. 2006; C. Bouget leg. ( INRAE) • 1 ♀; FD Hautil ; 21. Jul. 2003; F. Arnaboldi leg. ( FA) • 1 ♀; Forêt de St Colombe ; 23. Feb. 1999; H. Brustel leg. ( HB) • 1 ♂; Armainvilliers ; 10. May 2001; C. Bouget leg. ( INRAE) • 2 ♂, 1 ♀; Armainvilliers ; 11. May 2001; C. Bouget leg. ( INRAE) • 1 ♀; Armainvilliers ; 8. Jun. 2001; C. Bouget leg. ( INRAE) • 3 ♂, 2 ♀; Belesta ; 13. Jun. 2017; C. Bouget leg. ( INRAE) ” • 3 ♀; Belvis ; 13. Jun. 2017; C. Bouget leg. ( INRAE) • 1 ♂; Belvis ; 13. Jun. 2017; C. Bouget leg. ( PZ) • 1 ♂; Belvis ; 1. Jul. 1997; LNEF staff leg. ( LNEF) • 1 ♀; Espezel ; 13. Jun. 2017; C. Bouget leg. ( INRAE) • 1 ♀; FD Karstenwald ; 3. Jun. 2009; C. Bouget leg. ( INRAE) • 1 ♀; FD Orléans ; 6. Jun. 2019; INRAE staff leg. ( INRAE) • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Ferrières-en-brie ; 10. May 2001; C. Bouget leg. ( INRAE) • 1 ♀; Ferrières-en-brie ; 11. May 2001; C. Bouget leg. ( INRAE) • 1 ♂; Ferrières-en-brie ; 8. Jun. 2001; C. Bouget leg. ( PZ) • 1 ♀; Ferrières ; 10. May – 5. Jun. 2001; C. Bouget leg. ( INRAE) • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Fougax-et-Barrineuf ; 13. Jun. 2017; C. Bouget leg. ( INRAE) • 8 ♂, 4 ♀; Gambaseuil ; 24. Apr. 2007; C. Bouget leg. ( INRAE) • 1 ♀; Gambaseuil ; 24. Apr. 2007; C. Bouget leg. ( PZ) • 2 ♂, 1 ♀; Gex ; 20. Jul. 2013; C. Bouget leg. ( INRAE) • 1 ♀; Saint-Laurent ; 30. May 2016; C. Bouget leg. ( INRAE) • 1 ♀; Saint-Laurent-du-Pont ; 23. Jun. 2014; P. Janssen leg. ( INRAE) • 6 ♂, 2 ♀; Vouzeron ; 30. May 2016; C. Bouget leg. ( INRAE) • 1 ♀; Bussac ; 21. May – 4. Jun. 2019; LNEF staff leg. ( LNEF) • 1 ♀; FD Verrières ; 14. – 22. Apr. 2003; LNEF staff leg. ( LNEF) • 1 ♀; Nebias ; 8. Mar. 1994; LNEF staff leg. ( LNEF) • 1 ♀; RNN Cerisy ; 29. Apr. 2018; S. Etienne leg. ( LNEF) • 1 ♀; RNN Cerisy ; 16. May 2018; S. Etienne leg. ( LNEF) • 1 ♀; Ft. pays des étangs ; 2. May 2018; L. Fuchs leg. ( LuF) • 1 ♀; Marckolsheim , RB Rhinvald; 9. May 2018; L. Fuchs leg. ( LuF) • 1 ♂; FD Campagne ; 4. Jun. 2019; L. Velle leg. ( LV) • 1 ♂; FD Campagne ; 12. May 2021; L. Velle leg. ( LV) • 1 ♀; FD Campagne ; 9. Jun. 2021; L. Velle leg. ( LV) • 1 ♀; Saint-Maurice ; 15. Jun. 2010; O. Rose leg. ( OR) • 1 ♀; Bareilles ; 14. Jun. 2017; C. Bouget leg. ( PZ) • 1 ♂; Le Val St Germain ; 25. May 2021; B. Mériguet leg. ( BM) • 1 ♂; Larrau ( Iraty); 22. Feb. 2017; C. Van Meer leg. ( CVM) • 1 ex.; Pyrénées Atlantiques, Iraty, Forêt d’Iraty ; 5. Jun. 1998; H. Brustel leg. ( CSW) • 1 ♂; Ardengost ; 14. Jun. 2017; C. Bouget leg. ( INRAE) • 1 ♂; Comus ; 13. Jun. 2017; C. Bouget leg. ( INRAE) • 1 ♂; Hèches ; 14. Jun. 2017; C. Bouget leg. ( INRAE) • 1 ♂; Niort-de-Sault ; 13. Jun. 2017; C. Bouget leg. ( INRAE) • 1 ♂; FD Vierzon-Vouzeron ; 7. May 2019; Canopee team leg. ( INRAE) • 2 ♂; FD Fontainebleau ; 13–15. May 2008; LNEF staff leg. ( LNEF) • 1 ♂; FD St. Antoine ; 22. May 2021; LNEF staff leg. ( LNEF) • 1 ♂; Combe Lavaux ; 18. May 2021; LNEF staff leg. ( LNEF) • 1 ♂; ZNIEFF Puits d’Enfer ; 4. May 2021; LNEF staff leg. ( LNEF) • 1 ♂; La Broque ; 25. Apr. 2011; L. Fuchs leg. ( LuF) • 1 ♂; La Wantzenau, RB confluence III-Rhin ; 7. May 2018; L. Fuchs leg. ( LuF) • 1 ♂; La Wantzenau, RB confluence III-Rhin ; 22. May 2018; L. Fuchs leg. ( LuF) • 1 ♂; La Wantzenau, RB confluence III-Rhin ; 16. Jul. 2018; L. Fuchs leg. ( LuF) • 1 ♂; FD Vallée Doller, Oberbruck ; 31. May 2017; L. Fuchs leg. ( LuF) • 1 ♂; FD Vallée Doller, Oberbruck ; 26. Jul. 2017; L. Fuchs leg. ( LuF) • 1 ♂; FD Vallée Doller, Oberbruck ; 1. Jun. 2018; L. Fuchs leg. ( LuF) • 1 ♂; FD Vierzon-Vouzeron ; 16. May 2014; L. Velle leg. ( LV) • 1 ♂; Saint-Barthélemy-de-Séchilienne, ile Falcon ; 13. Aug. 2019; Y. Braud leg. ( OC) • 1 ♂; Saint-Barthélemy-de-Séchilienne, ile Falcon ; 17. Aug. 2019; Y. Braud leg. ( OC) • 1 ♂; Moussey ; 24. May 2011; O. Rose leg. ( OR) • 1 ♂; Sturzelbronn ; 30. Apr. 2015; P. Millarakis leg. ( PM) • 1 ♂; FD de Brotonne ; 23. May 2017; S. Etienne leg. ( SE) • 1 ♂; FD de Brotonne ; 6. Jun. 2017; S. Etienne leg. ( SE) • 1 ♂; FD de Brotonne ; 29. May 2018; S. Etienne leg. ( SE) . Germany – Bayern • 1 ex.; Scheidegg, NSG Rohrbachtobel ; Jun. 2017; H. Bussler leg. ( CBF) • 1 ex.; Ebrach, Brunnst. ; 15. May 2017; S. Thorn leg. ( ST) • 3 ♂, 3 ♀; Rauhenebrach ; 16. Aug. 2016; S. Thorn leg. ( ST) • 2 exx.; Rauhenebrach ; 18. Aug. 2016; S. Thorn leg. ( ST) • 3 exx.; Rauhenebrach ; 25. Aug. 2016; S. Thorn leg. ( ST) . Iran • 1 ex.; Prov. Mazandaran, Now Shahr, Kheiroud Kanar Forest ; 40–200 m a. s. l.; 36°36'35"N, 51°34'10"E; 3–4. May 2010; D. Frenzel leg. ( NME) . Italy • 1 ex.; Süd-Tirol [= prov. Alto Adige], Burgraviato, Bad Grill W, Gampental ; 1300 m a. s. l.; 22. Jul. 2013; M. Kahlen leg. ( TLF) . Slovakia • 1 ♀; Hronská Dúbrava ; 26. Apr. 2000; P. Hlaváč leg. ( CSW) • 1 ♂; Bratislava, Badín ; 21. Oct. 1987; I. Martinů leg. ( CSW) • 1 ♀; “ Hungaria: Neutraer Comitat ” [= Slovakia: District Nitra]; ( CSW) . Slovenia • 18 exx.; Buje – Kozanje ; 30. May 2010; M. Egger leg. ( CEW, CSW) • 3 exx.; “ Carniolia: Gottschee ” [= Kočevje]; 1911; Naser leg. ( NMW) • 3 exx.; “ Untersteiermark: Windisch Landsberg ” [= region Štajerska : Podčetrtek]; 1882; Ganglbauer leg. ( NMW) . Spain • 1 ex.; Prov. León, Ponferrada ; Paganetti leg. ( NMW) . Turkey • 1 ex.; N Anatolia, Yenice–Karabük ; May 1962; F. Schubert leg. ( NMW) .

Additional material.

1 ♂ ( KM): “ No locality on labels, no date. Paralectotypus Bostricilus elongatus Fabricius des. P. Wegrzynowicz ”. This specimen was included as a paralectotype of Colydium elongatum (Fabricius) by Węgrzynowicz (1999). Genitalia of this specimen were recently dissected and our studies revealed that it does not belong to C. elongatum but rather to C. noblecourti sp. nov.. We identified this specimen by only using high resolution photographs of it and its genitalia provided by Dr. Michael Kuhlmann ( KM) and were not able to study the specimen itself. Therefore, we refrain from listing it as a paratype of C. noblecourti sp. nov..

Etymology.

The new species Colydium noblecourti sp. nov. is named after Thierry Noblecourt, one of the mentors of the first author. Noblecourt worked in the French National Forest Office ( ONF) for many years. He developed a network of French entomologists, made huge contributions to the general knowledge of saproxylic beetles in France and raised public interest in these insects. Noblecourt is also a specialist in Symphyta (Hymenoptera) and has described several new species. The name noblecourti is a noun in the genitive case derived in honour of Thierry Noblecourt.

Description.

Habitus. (TL 5.1‒7.4 mm) relatively robust; head, pronotum, elytra and ventral side uniformly black (except in teneral specimens); legs and antennae reddish brown. Fig. 1 A .

Head. (HW / PW: 0.78‒0.88) Lateral margins of frons and epistoma converging towards apex, anterior margin of epistoma straight, with yellow setation; periocular carinae as long as eye. Punctures on central part of frons elongate, distance between them about 1 to 2 diameters; punctures denser and more circular on the fronto-epistomal depression. Antennomere 1 not completely visible in dorsal aspect, 1.2 times as long as wide; antennomere 2 narrower, 1.25 times as long as wide; antennomere 3 of same width as 2 and 1.2 times as long as wide; antennomeres 4 to 7 of same width (length to width ratios: 4: 1.0; 5: 1.0; 6: 0.8; 7: 0.6); antennomere 8 slightly wider than the preceding ones and 1.75 times as wide as long; antennomeres 9 to 11 form a three-segmented club (2.5 times as wide as the funicule), antennomere 9 wider than preceding ones, twice as wide as long; antennomere 10 is 1.1 times wider than 9, twice as wide as long; antennomere 11 narrower than 10 and 1.1 times as wide as long. Setation of antennomeres 4 to 8 similar in both sexes, a few longer setae occur on the inner side of antennae; antennomeres 9, 10 and 11 densely setose.

Pronotum. ( PL / PW: 1.27‒1.56) (Fig. 1 B ) In dorsal view lateral margins slightly diverging from base to apical quarter in straight line, then slightly narrowing apicad; anterior angles narrowly rounded; lateral margin bordered from base to apex; apical margin not bordered near anterior angles. Median line sulciform from anterior margin to basal transverse groove. Admedian lines slightly impressed (never sulciform), more or less obsolete on anterior third. Punctures on disc slightly elongate and 2 to 4 diameters apart. Microsculpture punctiform, microreticulated near anterior angles. Pronotal hypomera with round, small punctures, four diameters apart. Prosternum smooth, transversely wrinkled.

Elytra. (EL / EW: 3.00‒3.31) Parallel-sided in dorsal view; humeral angles protruding forward; elytral apices conjointly broadly rounded. Striae slightly impressed; strial punctures separated from each other by a distance of 1 to 2 diameters. Sutural interval (= interval 1) raised, but not carinate except laterally along scutellary striole, flat ‒ topped and finely wrinkled along most of its length. Uneven intervals bluntly carinate; carina on interval 3 reaching elytral apex; carina on interval 5 not reaching elytral apical rim; carina on interval 7 still shorter. Even intervals flat, smooth, indistinctly transversely wrinkled.

Ventral side of pterothorax. Mesanepisterna roughly and densely punctured. Metaventrite with complete median sulcus; very finely punctured, except for an area posterior to mesocoxae with larger punctures, partly connected by irregular lines. Metanepisterna smooth. Abdominal ventrites (Fig. 1 C ) shiny, weakly microreticulate, finely punctured; punctures separated by a distance of 3 to 4 diameters, each bearing very short seta; sculpture on ventrite 1 consisting of irregular wavy or zigzag lines, forming a scaly pattern; sculpture on ventrite 2 consisting of a few irregular lines or wrinkles, particularly laterad; ventrite 5 with a deep preapical groove, apical margin obtusely angled in the middle in both sexes, setose and with two groups of long setae laterally. Relative lengths of ventrites: 1: 1.9‒2.2; 2: 1.3‒1.5; 3: 1.2‒1.4; 4: 1.0‒1.2; 5: 1.0. Male genitalia. Tegmen (Fig. 1 D ) 4 times as long as its maximum width; basal part 2.5 times longer than parameres; parameres in dorsal aspect lamelliform, narrowed apicad, in lateral aspect s-shaped, continuously narrowed to tip; not lying in same plane, but inclined toward each other at a blunt angle; median lobe (Fig. 1 E ) 8 to 9 times as long as wide, 1.5 times longer than tegmen; in dorsal aspect almost parallel-sided, narrowing continuously from mid ‒ length to apex; in lateral aspect slightly bent; apex prolonged into a narrow tip.

Variability some characters are subject to a certain degree of variation. Body proportions vary, as shown in the morphological measurements sections below. The admedian lines on the pronotum vary considerably: from absent in some specimens, only detectable by an elongate, narrow depression (minimal development) to an impressed, but irregularly interrupted line (maximal development). Elytral carina 5 is never completely connected to the apical elytral margin, but in a few cases it may reach it. The sculpture on the lateral parts of abdominal ventrite 2 is generally shallow. The extent of the sculptured area is variable.

Differential diagnosis.

Colydium noblecourti sp. nov. can be distinguished from the two other European species of Colydium as follows:

From Colydium elongatum (Fabricius) (Fig. 2 A – E ) Colydium noblecourti sp. nov. differs in the uniformly black colour of its elytra (humeral region brown or elytral base obscurely reddish in C. elongatum ); pronotum more globose apically; admedian lines weak, irregular and interrupted or absent; anterior pronotal angles not bordered by a prolongation of the lateral marginal line; carina on elytral interval 5 not reaching elytral apical rim; sculpture on the lateral parts of abdominal ventrites 2, 3 and 4 is less developed than on ventrite 1, or even absent, and never similar to ventrite 1; apical margin of abdominal ventrite 5 is obtusely angled in the middle (semicircular in C. elongatum ); aedeagus with parameres that are broader lamelliform, s-shaped in lateral aspect, inclined toward each other, not lying in the same plane (straight or slightly bent and narrow in C. elongatum ).

From Colydium filiforme Fabricius (Fig. 3 A – E ) Colydium noblecourti sp. nov. differs in uniformly black colour of its elytra (elytral base distinctively reddish in C. filiforme ); pronotum in general less elongate, PL / PW up to 1.56 ( PL / PW up to 1.65 in C. filiforme ) and more globose apically; admedian lines weak, irregular and interrupted or absent; anterior pronotal angles not bordered by a prolongation of the lateral marginal line; sculpture on the lateral parts of abdominal ventrites 2, 3 and 4 less developed than on ventrite 1, or even absent, never similar to ventrite 1; apical margin of abdominal ventrite 5 obtusely angled in the middle (semicircular in C. filiforme ); aedeagus with longer median lobe, its apex is acutely angled but never prolonged into a narrow tip.

Distribution.

We assume a similar distribution range as for Colydium elongatum . To date, Colydium noblecourti sp. nov. has been recorded in the following countries: Austria, Andorra, Bosnia, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Iran, Italy, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain and Turkey (Fig. 6 ).

Distribution maps of the studied material are presented for Colydium noblecourti sp. nov. (Fig. 6 ), C. elongatum (Fig. 7 ) and C. filiforme (Fig. 8 ). Since C. filiforme is well separated from the other European species of Colydium , we include locality records from Węgrzynowicz (1999).

Bionomics.

The specimens were found on dead or decaying wood of the following tree genera: Picea A. Dietrich spp. , Abies Miller spp. , Pinus Linné spp. (all Pinaceae ), Fagus Linné spp. , Quercus Linné spp. (both Fagaceae ), and Carpinus Linné spp. ( Betulaceae ).

Genetic analysis

A maximum likelihood tree analysis was derived from COI barcode sequences of the three European species of the genus Colydium . Forming distinct clades, the support values (bootstrap with 1,000 replicates) show a robust backing for the new Colydium species (Fig. 4 ). Considering a mean interspecific distance of 4.83 % (minimum 4.1 %, maximum 5.6 %) within the genus, C. noblecourti sp. nov. shows a distance of 4.3 % to its closest neighbour, Colydium filiforme Fabricius, 1792 , while the distance is more than 4.5 % to Colydium elongatum (Fabricius, 1787) .

The sequences are publicly available in the Dataset DS-COL 0815 ( Colydium species in Europe, https://dx.doi.org/10.5883/DS-COL0815) on the BOLD homepage (https://www.boldsystems.org/index.php), and the respective BOLD - IDs are listed in Table 1 .

Morphological measurements

The total length to elytral width ratio (TL / EW) (Fig. 5 A ) does not show distinct clusters for the three species. There is mutual overlap, which does not allow a clear separation of the species by body shape alone. Colydium filiforme has a small range, from 4.62 to 5.28 (mean = 4.91; SD = 0.15); Colydium elongatum has a wide range, from 3.81 to 5.19 (mean = 4.71; SD = 0.18); and Colydium noblecourti sp. nov. a small range from 4.20 to 4.82 (mean = 4.60; SD = 0.13).

A similar situation can be seen for the proportions of the pronotum. The results of our measurements show no significant specific differences in the PL / PW - ratios (Fig. 5 B ). Colydium filiforme has a range, from 1.42 to 1.65 (mean = 1.53; SD = 0.05), Colydium elongatum from 1.35 to 1.58 (mean = 1.47; SD = 0.04) and Colydium noblecourti sp. nov. from 1.37 to 1.56 (mean = 1.46; SD = 0.04).

The differences in the PL / PW - ratios and the TL / EW - ratios show, at most, slight specific tendencies in proportions of pronotum and body, but without diagnostic value. The PCA analysis (Fig. 5 C ) reflects this situation, as there is no obvious clustering of the specific data.

Ecology of Western Palearctic species of Colydium

All previous publications on the ecology and biology of Palearctic Colydium show similar behaviour for all the species ( Dajoz 1977; Węgrzynowicz 1999; Bouget et al. 2019). They live in the galleries of other saproxylic beetles. There is no clear evidence as to whether they are predators or cleaners, or possibly both depending on the stage of development (larva or adult). They are associated with different tree species.

Colydium elongatum (Fabricius) inhabits deciduous trees like Quercus Linné spp. , Fagus sylvatica Linné and Juglans regia Linné ( Juglandaceae ), at least in Central Europe, but it has also been reported from coniferous trees ( Abies Miller spp. ) in France and Greece.

Colydium filiforme Fabricius has hitherto been found exclusively on Quercus Linné spp.

Colydium noblecourti sp. nov. seems to show a slight preference for coniferous trees ( Pinus Linné spp. , Abies alba Miller , Picea abies (Linné) H. Karsten ), although it has also been found on deciduous trees like Fagus sylvatica Linné and Carpinus betulus Linné. One of the authors ( R. Schuh, personal observation) has collected C. noblecourti sp. nov. several times in the eastern part of Austria (alluvial floodplains 200–300 m a. s. l.). All these specimens were collected by hand on dead but still standing Pinus nigra Arnold , under mouldy or rotten bark. The Colydium noblecourti sp. nov. specimens were hiding in abandoned galleries of Scolytinae ( Curculionidae ) or Cerambycidae . Collecting was largely carried out from December to April, although some was performed during other parts of the year, but with less success. Some specimens from other collections bear notes about collecting circumstances on their labels, which might give more information on the species bionomics. A short list of these data follows: “ in galleries of Xyloterus lineatus (Ol.) ( Curculionidae : Scolytinae) on Picea abies (L.) Karst. ” ( Austria: Carinthia: Hermagor, leg. C. Holzschuh); “ in galleries of Orthotomicus laricis (F.) ( Curculionidae : Scolytinae) on Picea abies (L.) Karst. ” ( Austria: Tyrol: Lienz, leg. A. Kofler); “ under bark of burnt Picea ” ( Austria: Tyrol, Karwendel, leg. M. Kahlen); “ under bark of Pinus or Picea ” ( Austria: Carinthia, several localities, leg. C. Holzschuh); “ in window trap on dead Abies alba Mill. ” ( Germany: Bayern, leg. H. Bussler); “ on Fagus ” ( France: Forêt d’Iraty, leg. H. Brustel); “ in the night on trunks of Fagus ” ( Austria: Vienna, leg. M. Kahlen); “ in galleries of Xyloterus domesticus (L.) ( Curculionidae : Scolytinae) on Carpinus betulus L. ” ( Austria: Vienna, leg. C. Holzschuh).

These labels represent only single data points, however, and a full ecological analysis is therefore not yet possible. Further investigations are required to reveal the true bionomics of C. noblecourti sp. nov.

Figures

Figures 1. A – E. Holotype of Colydium noblecourti sp. nov. A. Dorsal view; B. Dorsal view of pronotum; C. Ventral view of abdomen; D. Tegmen; E. Median lobe. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A – C); 0.1 mm (D, E).

Figures 2. A – E. Colydium elongatum (Fabricius). A. Dorsal view; B. Dorsal view of pronotum; C. Ventral view of abdomen; D. Tegmen; E. Median lobe. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A – C); 0.1 mm (D, E).

Figures 3. A – E. Colydium filiforme Fabricius. A. Dorsal view; B. Dorsal view of pronotum; C. Ventral view of abdomen; D. Tegmen; E. Median lobe. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A – C); 0.1 mm (D, E).

Figure 4. ML tree, based on COI barcode data for Colydium specimens from Austria, France, Germany and Italy. The fine, light grey branches that connect labels are not to scale. Support values (bootstrap with 1,000 replicates) are indicated on the respective branches.

Figures 5. A – C. Morphometric diagrams. A. Total length / elytral width ratios; B. Pronotal length / pronotal width ratios; C. PCA analysis.

Figure 6. Geographical distribution of Colydium noblecourti sp. nov.

Figure 7. Geographical distribution of Colydium elongatum (Fabricius).

Figure 8. Geographical distribution of Colydium filiforme Fabricius.