Duttaphrynus bengalensis (Duttaphrynus sp. 1) (Daudin, 1802)

Badli-Sham, Baizul Hafsyam, Syafiq, Muhamad Fatihah, Aziz, Mohd Shahrizan Azrul, Mohd Jalil, Natrah Rafiqah, Awang, Muhammad Taufik, Othman, Muhammad Nouril Ammin, Abdul Aziz, Anis Azira, Dzu, Khunirah, Abdol Wahab, Nurul Asyikin, Jamil, Nor Liyana, Ismail, Murni Azima, Wan Azman, Wan Ahmad Aidil, Xin Wei, Ooi, Jamaha, Nur Ain Nabilah, Aqmal-Naser, Mohamad, Fahmi-Ahmad, Muhammad, Shahirah-Ibrahim, Noor, Rizal, Syed Ahmad, Belabut, Daicus M., Kin Onn, Chan, Quah, Evan Seng Huat, Grismer, Larry Lee & Ahmad, Amirrudin B., 2023, A decade of amphibian studies (Animalia, Amphibia) at Sekayu lowland forest, Hulu Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia, ZooKeys 1157, pp. 43-93 : 43

Duttaphrynus bengalensis (Duttaphrynus sp. 1) (Daudin, 1802)

Fig. 3C Common Asian Toad

Examined specimens.

Four males were collected from SRF (UMTZC1147, UMTZC1148, and UMTZC1149, SVL = 47-68 mm) and SAP (UMTZC1065, SVL = 59 mm).

Identification.

Morphological characters of the specimens agreed well with the former description by Berry (1975). Size (SVL: 47-68 mm, n = 4 males); stout bodies; head with supraorbital and supratympanic bony ridges; parietal ridges absent; snout obtusely pointed; tympanum distinct; tips of digits blunt; subarticular tubercles distinct; toes more than ½ webbed; paratoid gland ellipsoidal; outer metatarsal tubercles smaller than inner metatarsal tubercles. Based the revision by Jablonski et al. (2022), the specimens resembled the characteristics of Duttaphrynus bengalensis comb. nov. and " hazarensis " such as the concave interorbital space; interorbital space larger than upper eyelid width and internarial distance; snout longer than horizontal eye diameter; tympanum oval; canthus rostralis with a ridge and sharp ( Daudin 1802; Khan 2001).

Remarks.

This species was more frequently observed at SAP compared to SRF, probably due to the more disturbed and man-made environment that is favoured by this commensal anuran ( Shahriza and Ibrahim 2012; Badli-Sham et al. 2019). The species was commonly observed in drains, irrigation ditches, abandoned ponds, and even along the roadside. Calls of this species could be heard after rains. Recently, Jablonski et al. (2022) carried out the molecular assessment on the Duttaphrynus melanostictus complex in the South-East Asia, which revealed the two groups of populations namely, Duttaphrynus bengalensis comb. nov. and " hazarensis " ( Duttaphrynus sp. 1) and Duttaphrynus sp. 2 sensu Bisht et al. (2021). However, careful inspection of collected specimens shows a resemblance to Duttaphrynus bengalensis ( Duttaphrynus sp. 1) based on five characters by Daudin (1802) and Khan (2001).

Figures

Figure 3. A Ansonia latiffi B Ansonia lumut C Duttaphrynus bengalensis (Duttaphrynus sp. 1) D Ingerophrynus parvus E Leptophryne borbonica F Phrynoidis asper G male Rentapia flavomaculata H female R. flavomaculata.