Erythmelus, Enock, 1909

Triapitsyn, Serguei V., Berezovskiy, Vladimir V., Hoddle, Mark S. & Morse, Joseph G., 2007, A review of the Nearctic species of Erythmelus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), with a key and new additions to the New World fauna, Zootaxa 1641 (1), pp. 1-64 : 10-11

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.1641.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E7C7AD48-AF05-46CB-802E-DA6C6B046E23
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F56F87A0-866F-EE29-FF60-FD059E8DFC12
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Erythmelus
status

Treatment

Subgenus Erythmelus View in CoL View at ENA ( Erythmelus Enock, 1909 )

( Figs 4–89 View FIGURES 4, 5 View FIGURES 6, 7 View FIGURES 8, 9 View FIGURES 10–12 View FIGURES 13, 14 View FIGURES 15, 16 View FIGURES 17, 18 View FIGURES 19–21 View FIGURES 22, 23 View FIGURES 24, 25 View FIGURES 26, 27 View FIGURES 28, 29 View FIGURES 30, 31 View FIGURES 32, 33 View FIGURES 34, 35 View FIGURES 36–38 View FIGURES 39–41 View FIGURES 42–44 View FIGURES 45, 46 View FIGURES 47, 48 View FIGURES 49–51 View FIGURES 52–54 View FIGURES 55, 56 View FIGURES 57, 58 View FIGURES 59–62 View FIGURES 63, 64 View FIGURES 65, 66 View FIGURES 67, 68 View FIGURES 69–71 View FIGURES 72, 73 View FIGURES 74, 75 View FIGURES 76–80 View FIGURES 81–83 View FIGURES 84–86 View FIGURES 87–89 )

Erythmelus Enock 1909: 454 View in CoL . Type species: Erythmelus goochi Enock View in CoL , by monotypy.

Enaesius Enock 1909: 456 . Type species: Enaesius agilis Enock , designated by Gahan & Fagan 1923: 50.

Erythmelus (Enaesius) Enock : Debauche 1948: 194, 197; Donev 2004: 123 (redefinition as a valid subgenus, diagnosis, key to species in the Balkan Peninsula).

Erythmelellus Viggiani & Jesu 1985: 487 (as a subgenus of Erythmelus View in CoL ). Type species: E. lygivorus Viggiani & Jesu View in CoL , by original designation. Synonymized under Erythmelus (Erythmelus) by Triapitsyn 2003: 5.

Erythmelus (Erythmelus) Enock : Triapitsyn 2003: 5–33 (diagnosis, definition of the species groups, revision of Palaearctic species); Donev 2004: 120–122 (key to species groups, diagnoses of the species groups, key to species in the Balkan Peninsula).

Diagnosis. Female funicle usually 6–segmented but sometimes 5–segmented (mainly in very small individuals or, more frequently, in minute species that parasitize eggs of Tingidae ), due to a fusion of any two neighboring funicular segments or a loss of one of the funicular segments, usually of F3 or F4, or, very rarely, 4– segmented, due to an apparent loss of F3 and a complete or partial fusion of F1 and F2; clava with 5 or 6 (very rarely with 7) longitudinal sensilla; male flagellum usually 11–segmented, rarely 9– or 10–segmented, with all flagellomeres more or less subequal in length (F2 about as long as F1 or F3); forewing with margins not parallel (although subparallel in E. (E.) reductus S. Triapitsyn and E. (E.) vladimir S. Triapitsyn & Fidalgo ), usually much wider at broadest part of blade than at apex of marginal vein, blade with a seta behind base of marginal vein; petiole wider than long, usually conspicuous in slide-mounted specimens; male genitalia either relatively simple or more complex ( Triapitsyn 2003).

Comments. Species of Erythmelus (Erythmelus) are generally small to medium-size; body length of most species more than 500 µm, and some are 1000 µm long or a little longer, occasionally up to 1600 µm long [some slide-mounted specimens of E. (E.) picinus (Girault) ]. In CNCI and UCRC, there are numerous undescribed species of Erythmelus (Erythmelus) from the Neotropical region; only a few of the more distinctive Neotropical species are described here to demonstrate the range of morphological features in this subgenus. Trustworthy host records are from eggs of various Miridae and Tingidae ( Triapitsyn 2003) .

Triapitsyn (2003) placed the Old World species of Erythmelus (Erythmelus) into three species groups: the flavovarius group, in which most of the world species belong; the agilis group (with the sole Holarctic representative, E. (E.) agilis (Enock) , for the first time recorded here in the New World); and the helopeltidis group, whose members have not been yet recorded from the New World. The species belonging to the Old World helopeltidis group have long ovipositors with a large basal loop, the female antennae lack longitudinal sensilla on F5 and have 5 longitudinal sensilla on the clava; their male genitalia are more complex than in the flavovarius species group. The fourth group, the clavatus species group, is defined here as species whose females possess usually 6, very rarely 7, longitudinal sensilla on the clava and have longitudinal sensilla on F5 (at least) and sometimes also on F3 and F4. Most species also have long ovipositors with a large basal loop. This group includes E. (E.) clavatus Ogloblin , E. (E.) logarzoi sp. n., E. (E.) podaypodnos sp. n., E. (E.) mudrila sp. n., E. (E.) burtik sp. n., and also the Palaearctic species E. (E.) kostjukovi S. Triapitsyn. The latter was provisionally assigned to the flavovarius species group by Triapitsyn (2003), but undoubtedly fits better in the clavatus species group as it has 2 longitudinal sensilla on both F5 and F6, and 6 longitudinal sensilla on the clava. Unfortunately, males are known only for one species from the clavatus species group, E. (E.) logarzoi sp. n. Its genitalia are not as complex as in the helopeltidis group species.

As also proposed earlier by Debauche (1948), Donev (2004) redefined Enaesius Enock [= the agilis species group of Erythmelus (Erythmelus) according to Triapitsyn (2003)] as a valid subgenus of Erythmelus based on the proportions of the flagellar segments in females and presence of longitudinal sensilla on the funicular segments of the female antenna (other than F6). However, as shown below, the female antennae of some flavovarius group species of Erythmelus (Erythmelus) may have relatively long funicular segments [e.g, the clava is shorter than the combined length of F4–F 6 in E. (E.) gak sp. n. and E. (E.) noeli (Dozier) ], longitudinal sensilla on F4 (and even on F 5 in E. (E.) coviellai sp. n.), and occasionally also a relatively long F1 [e.g., in some large specimens of E. (E.) picinus (Girault) ]. Furthermore, female antennae of the members of the clavatus species group of Erythmelus (Erythmelus) have longitudinal sensilla on both F5 and F6 and sometimes also on F3 and F4. The male genitalia of E. (E.) agilis (Enock) are quite similar to those in the helopeltidis group species of Erythmelus (Erythmelus) ( Triapitsyn 2003) . Therefore, we are reluctant to accept Enaesius as a separate subgenus of Erythmelus defined solely on the above-mentioned variable features, and rather treat here its species as members of the agilis species group of the nominate subgenus of Erythmelus .