Camponotus roeseli Forel, 1910

Rakotonirina, Jean Claude & Fisher, Brian L., 2022, Revision of the Malagasy Camponotus subgenus Myrmosaga (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) using qualitative and quantitative morphology, ZooKeys 1098, pp. 1-180 : 1

Camponotus roeseli Forel

Figs 13B , 14B , 71

Camponotus roeseli Forel, 1910: 20. Syntype major workers, Madagascar, Montagne d’Ambre (Rolle); 1 syntype major worker designated as lectotype, by present designation, AntWeb CASENT0101602 ( MHNG) [examined]. Paralectotype major worker of same data as lectotype but with specimen code: CASENT0101788 ( MHNG) [examined]. [Combination in Camponotus (Myrmoturba) : Forel, 1914A 267; in Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) : Emery, 1925: 89].

Camponotus maculatus st. legionarium Santschi, 1911b: 283. Holotype (by monotypy) major worker, Madagascar, Diego Suarez ( Légion Étrangère 1903) AntWeb CASENT0101413 ( MNHN) [examined]. Raised to species as Camponotus legionarius by Baroni Urbani, 1972: 132. [Combination in Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) : Emery, 1925: 89]. Syn. nov.

Additional material examined.

Madagascar: Antsiranana: [Diego-Suarez]; Museum Paris, Légion Étrangére 1903]; Bevohotra; Sambava, -14, 49.5, 797 m ( MNHN); [Nd. Madagascar, Amber Gebirge Nd. Madagascar H. Rolle, Berlin, S.W.11.]; Mosorolava; Antsiranana Rural, -12.616667, 49.15, 1113 m ( MHNG); Antsaraingy, -12.90362, 49.65921, 66 m, littoral forest (B.L. Fisher et al.) ( CAS); Antsaraingy, -12.90665, 49.6606, 90 m, littoral forest (B.L. Fisher et al.) ( CAS); Diana Region, Diego II Region, Orangea dry forest, Baie de Dune 900 m E of Camps Minier, -12.23283, 49.3665, 152 m, dry forest (Mike, Rinha) ( CAS); DIANA, PN Montagne d’Ambre, Roussette Camp 7 km SW Park entrance, -12.51444, 49.18139, 975 m, rainforest, (Mike, Ev, Rin’ha) ( CAS); Forêt Ambato, 26.6 km 33° Ambanja, -13.4645, 48.55167, 150 m, rainforest (B.L. Fisher) ( CAS); Forêt d’Andavakoera, 21.4 km 75° ENE Ambilobe; 4.6 km 356° N Betsiaka, -13.11833, 49.23, 425 m, rainforest (B.L. Fisher) ( CAS); Forêt d’Ampondrabe, 26.3 km 10° NNE Daraina, -12.97, 49.7, 175 m, tropical dry forest (B.L. Fisher) ( CAS); Forêt de Bekaraoka, 6.8 km 60° ENE Daraina, -13.16667, 49.71, 150 m, tropical dry forest (B.L. Fisher) ( CAS); Forêt de Binara, 7.5 km 230° SW Daraina, -13.255, 49.61667, 375 m, tropical dry forest (B.L. Fisher) ( CAS); Forêt d’Orangea, 3.6 km 128° SE Remena, -12.25889, 49.37467, 90 m, littoral rainforest (Fisher, Griswold et al.) ( CAS); Massif du Tsaratanana (versant Sud), Andohanambatoafo; Marovato; Ambanja, -13.998127, 48.981754, 2714 m, (P. Soga) ( CAS); Nosi-Bé du Majunga; Nosy be; Nosibe, -13.315028, 48.25927, 128 m (T. Carié) ( CAS); Réserve Analamerana, 16.7 km 123° Anivorano-Nord, -12.80467, 49.37383, 225 m, tropical dry forest (B.L. Fisher) ( CAS); Réserve Analamerana, 28.4 km 99° Anivorano-Nord, -12.74667, 49.49483, 60 m, tropical dry forest (B.L. Fisher) ( CAS); Réserve Ankarana, 7 km SE Matsaborimanga, -12.9, 49.11667, 150 m, tropical dry forest (P.S. Ward) ( CAS); RS Ambre, 3.5 km 235° SW Sakaramy, -12.46889, 49.24217, 325 m, tropical dry forest (Fisher, Griswold et al.) ( CAS); RS Ankarana, 13.6 km 192° SSW Anivorano Nord, -12.86361, 49.22583, 210 m, tropical dry forest (Fisher, Griswold et al.) ( CAS); RS Ankarana, 22.9 km 224° SW Anivorano Nord, -12.90889, 49.10983, 80 m, tropical dry forest (Fisher, Griswold et al.) ( CAS); Sahamalaza Peninsula, Forêt d’Anabohazo, 21.6 km 247° WSW Maromandia, -14.30889, 47.91433, 120 m, tropical dry forest (Fisher, Griswold et al.) ( CAS); SAVA Region District of Vohemar, Andranotsimaty Dry forest, 9 km NE of Daraina, -13.1695, 49.70067, 90 m, dry dense forest (Mike, Rinha) ( CAS); 1 km W Sakalava Beach [cattle trail near beach], -12.26639, 49.395, 30 m, cattle trail in sandy brushy area near beach (Irwin, Schlinger, Harin’H) ( CAS), 7 km N Joffreville [camp 2 of Fisher], -12.33333, 49.25, 360 m, in dry forest (R. Harin’Hala) ( CAS), PN Montagne d’Ambre [1st campsite], 960 m, rainforest (Irwin, Schlinger, Harin’H) ( CAS); PN Montagne d’Ambre [Petit Lac road], -12.533333, 49.166667, 1125 m, rainforest (R. Harin’Hala) ( CAS); SAVA Region, District of Vohemar, Antsahabelela Rain Forest, 9 km SW of Daraina, -13.2505, 49.61667, 182 m, humid Forêt (Mike, Rin’ha) ( CAS). Fianarantsoa: dry wash, 1 km E of PN Isalo Interpretive Center, -22.62667, 45.35817, 885 m, dry wash (R. Harin’Hala) ( CAS); dry wash, 1 km E of PN Isalo Interpretive Center, -22.62667, 45.35817, 885 m, dry wash (R. Harin’Hala) ( CAS); Forêt d’Analalava, 29.6 km 280° W Ranohira, -22.59167, 45.12833, 700 m, tropical dry forest (Fisher, Griswold et al.) ( CAS); Horombe Region, District of Ihosy, PN Isalo, 900 m E of ANGAP Interpretation Center, -22.62667, 45.35817, 701 m, open area near stream ( Rin’Ha, Mike) ( CAS); Horombe Region, District of Ihosy, Betapia (Border of Fianarantsoa and Tulear): 09 km SW of Ilakaka Saphir town, -22.62883, 45.36117, 1036 m, Uapaca forest ( Rin’Ha, Mike) ( CAS); PN Isalo, 9.1 km 354° N Ranohira, -22.48167, 45.46167, 725 m, gallery forest (Fisher, Griswold et al.) ( CAS); PN Isalo, Sahanafa River, 29.2 km 351° N Ranohira, -22.31333, 45.29167, 500 m, gallery forest (Fisher, Griswold et al.) ( CAS); stream area, 900 m E of PN Isalo Interpretive Center, -22.62667, 45.35817, 750 m, open area near stream (M.E. Irwin, F.D. Parker, R. Harin’Hala) ( CAS); Tsaranoro, 32.8 km 230° Ambalavao, -22.08317, 46.774, 975 m, savannah woodland (B.L. Fisher et al.) ( CAS). Mahajanga: Ambolomaiky, 48.1 km SE Mahajanga, -15.8541, 46.74663, 77 m, disturbed dry forest (B.L. Fisher et al.) ( CAS); Bemeraha, 9 km E. Antsalova, -18.65, 44.71667 (D.C. Lees) ( CAS); Boeny Region, District of Marovoay, PN Ankarafantsika, Ampijoroa SF, 160 km North of Maevatanana on RN 04, -16.31933, 46.81333, 42 m, deciduous forest (Mike, Rin’ha) ( CAS); Boeny Region, District of Soalala Analamanitra forest, 14 km SW of Mitsinjo, -16.7, 45.7, 19 m, dense dry forest (Mike, Rin’ha) ( CAS); Boeny Region, PN Ankarafantsika, Ambodimanga, -16.32294, 46.82602, 75 m, dry forest, Canopy Bootcamp, (P.C.Willadsen and A. Karunakaran) ( CAS); Boeny Region, District of Soalala, Namoroka 53 km of Soalala, Ambatofolaka dry forest 3 km N of Vilanandro villlage, -16.47333, 45.39133, 105 m, dense dry forest in the mud (Mike, Rin’ha) ( CAS); Forêt Ambohimanga, 26.1 km 314° Mampikony, -15.96267, 47.43817, 250 m, tropical dry forest (B.L. Fisher) ( CAS); Forêt de Tsimembo, 8.7 km 336° NNW Soatana, -19.02139, 44.44067, 20 m, tropical dry forest (Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team) ( CAS); Mahavavy River, 10.6 km 148° SSE Mitsinjo, -16.08167, 45.935, 50 m, tropical dry forest (Fisher, Griswold et al.) ( CAS); Mahavavy River, 6.2 km 145° SE Mitsinjo, -16.05167, 45.90833, 20 m, gallery forest (Fisher, Griswold et al.) ( CAS); Melaky Region, District of Besalampy, Marofototra dry forest, 17 km W of Besalampy, -16.72167, 44.42367, 51 m, dry wash in the dry forest (Irwin, Rin’ha) ( CAS); Melaky Region, District of Besalampy, Analangidro dry forest, 07 km NE of Besalampy, -16.6915, 44.5235, 25 m, dry forest on sand (Irwin, Rin’ha) ( CAS); Réserve forestière Beanka, 54.3 km E Maintirano, -18.06009, 44.54086, 262 m, tropical dry forest on tsingy (B.L. Fisher et al.) ( CAS); PN Ankarafantsika, Ampijoroa SF, 40 km 306° NW Andranofasika, -16.32083, 46.81067, 130 m, tropical dry forest (Fisher, Griswold et al.) ( CAS); PN Ankarafantsika, Forêt de Tsimaloto, 18.3 km 46° NE de Tsaramandroso, -16.22806, 47.14361, 135 m, tropical dry forest (Fisher, Griswold et al.) ( CAS); Station Forestiere Ampijoroa, -16.31667, 46.81667, 80 m, tropical dry forest (P.S. Ward) ( CAS); PN Baie de Baly, 12.4 km 337° NNW Soalala, -16.01, 45.265, 10 m, tropical dry forest (Fisher, Griswold et al.) ( CAS); PN Namoroka, 16.9 km 317° NW Vilanandro, -16.40667, 45.31, 100 m, tropical dry forest (Fisher, Griswold et al.) ( CAS); PN Namoroka, 9.8 km 300° WNW Vilanandro, -16.46667, 45.35, 140 m, tropical dry forest (Fisher, Griswold et al.) ( CAS); PN Tsingy de Bemaraha, 10.6 km ESE 123° Antsalova, -18.70944, 44.71817, 150 m, tropical dry forest on Tsingy (Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team) ( CAS); PN Tsingy de Bemaraha, 10.6 km ESE 123° Antsalova, -18.70944, 44.71817, 150 m, tropical dry forest on Tsingy (Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team) ( CAS); PN Tsingy de Bemaraha, 10.6 km ESE 123° Antsalova, -18.70944, 44.71817, 150 m, tropical dry forest on Tsingy (Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team) ( CAS); PN Tsingy de Bemaraha, 2.5 km 62° ENE Bekopaka, Ankidrodroa River, -19.13222, 44.81467, 100 m, tropical dry forest on Tsingy (Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team) ( CAS); PN Tsingy de Bemaraha, 2.5 km 62° ENE Bekopaka, Ankidrodroa River, -19.13222, 44.81467, 100 m, tropical dry forest on Tsingy (Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team) ( CAS); PN Tsingy de Bemaraha, 3.4 km 93° E Bekopaka, Tombeau Vazimba, -19.14194, 44.828, 50 m, tropical dry forest (Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team) ( CAS); PN Tsingy de Bemaraha, 3.4 km 93° E Bekopaka, Tombeau Vazimba, -19.14194, 44.828, 50 m, tropical dry forest (Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team) ( CAS); PN Tsingy de Bemaraha, 3.4 km 93° E Bekopaka, Tombeau Vazimba, -19.14194, 44.828, 50 m, tropical dry forest (Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team) ( CAS); Réserve d’Ankoririka, 10.6 km 13° NE de Tsaramandroso, -16.26722, 47.04861, 210 m, tropical dry forest (Fisher, Griswold et al.) ( CAS); RS Bemarivo, 23.8 km 223° SW Besalampy, -16.925, 44.36833, 30 m, tropical dry forest (Fisher, Griswold et al.) ( CAS); Sofia Region, District of Sofia, Anjiamangirana 45 km S Antsohihy, Analagnambe Galery forest, 5 km W Anjiamangirana, -15.157, 47.73417, 97 m, low degraded dry forest (Mike, Rinha) ( CAS). Toliara: 48 km ENE Morondava, -20.06667, 44.65, 30 m, tropical dry forest (D.M. Olson) ( CAS); 50 kms N Morondava, -20.06667, 44.58333, in primary dry forest (A. Pauly) ( CAS), Androy Region, District of Tsihombe, 74 km S of Tsihombe, RS Cap Ste Marie, -25.58767, 45.163, 36 m, spiny bush ( Rin’Ha, Mike) ( CAS); Anosy Region, Anosyenne Mts, 29.33 km NW Manantenina, -24.13993, 47.07418, 540 m, montane rainforest (B.L. Fisher, F.A. Esteves et al.) ( CAS); Anosy Region, Anosyenne Mts, 32.5 km NW Manantenina, -24.14098, 47.03689, 1900 m, montane rainforest (B.L. Fisher, F.A. Esteves et al.) ( CAS); Anosy Region, District of Amboasary, 58 km SW of Fort Dauphin, 08 km NW of Amboasary, Berenty Special Reserve, -25.00667, 46.30333, 85 m, Galery forest ( Rin’Ha, Mike) ( CAS); Anosy Region, District of Amboasary, 58 km SW of Fort Dauphin, 08 km NW of Amboasary, Berenty Special Reserve, -25.021, 46.3055, 36 m, spiny forest (Mike, Rin’ha) ( CAS); Anosy Region, District of Fort-Dauphin, PN Andohahela, Parcelle II, Tsimela, 42 km W of Fort-Dauphin, -24.93683, 46.62667, 176 m, transition forest (Michael Irwin, Frank Parker, Rin’ha) ( CAS); Anosy Region, District of Fort-Dauphin, PN Andohahela, Parcelle II, Tsimela, 42 km W of Fort-Dauphin, -24.93683, 46.62667, 176 m, transition forest (Michael Irwin, Frank Parker, Rin’ha) ( CAS); Anosy Region, District of Fort-Dauphin, PN Andohahela, Parcelle II, Tsimela, 42 km W of Fort-Dauphin, -24.93683, 46.62667, 176 m, transition forest (Michael Irwin, Frank Parker, Rin’ha) ( CAS); Anosy Region, District of Fort-Dauphin, PN Andohahela, Parcelle II, Tsimela, 42 km W of Fort-Dauphin, -24.93683, 46.62667, 176 m, transition forest (Michael Irwin, Frank Parker, Rin’ha) ( CAS); Anosy Region, District of Fort-Dauphin, PN Andohahela, Parcelle II, Tsimela, 42 km W of Fort-Dauphin, -24.93683, 46.62667, 176 m, transition forest (Michael Irwin, Frank Parker, Rin’ha) ( CAS); Anosy Region, District of Fort-Dauphin, PN Andohahela, Parcelle II, Tsimela, 42 km W of Fort-Dauphin, -24.93683, 46.62667, 176 m, transition forest (Michael Irwin, Frank Parker, Rin’ha) ( CAS); Anosy Region, District of Fort-Dauphin, PN Andohahela, Parcelle II, Tsimela, 42 km W of Fort-Dauphin, -24.93683, 46.62667, 176 m, transition forest (Michael Irwin, Frank Parker, Rin’ha) ( CAS); Anosy Region, District of Fort-Dauphin, PN Andohahela, Parcelle II, Tsimela, 42 km W of Fort-Dauphin, -24.93683, 46.62667, 176 m, transition forest (Michael Irwin, Frank Parker, Rin’ha) ( CAS); Anosy Region, District of Fort-Dauphin, PN Andohahela, Parcelle II, Tsimela, 42 km W of Fort-Dauphin, -24.93683, 46.62667, 176 m, transition forest (Michael Irwin, Frank Parker, Rin’ha) ( CAS); Anosy Region, District of Fort-Dauphin, PN Andohahela, Parcelle II, Tsimela, 42 km W of Fort-Dauphin, -24.93683, 46.62667, 176 m, transition forest (Michael Irwin, Frank Parker, Rin’ha) ( CAS); Anosy Region, District of Fort-Dauphin, PN Andohahela, Parcelle II, Tsimela, 42 km W of Fort-Dauphin, -24.93683, 46.62667, 176 m, transition forest (Michael Irwin, Frank Parker, Rin’ha) ( CAS); Anosy Region, District of Fort-Dauphin, PN Andohahela, Parcelle II, Tsimela, 42 km W of Fort-Dauphin, -24.93683, 46.62667, 176 m, transition forest (Michael Irwin, Frank Parker, Rin’ha) ( CAS); Anosy Region, District of Fort-Dauphin, PN Andohahela, Parcelle II, Tsimela, 42 km W of Fort-Dauphin, -24.93683, 46.62667, 176 m, transition forest (Michael Irwin, Frank Parker, Rin’ha) ( CAS); Anosy Region, PN Andohahela, Forêt de Manatalinjo, -24.82466, 46.60111, 100 m, spiny forest/thicket (B.L. Fisher, F.A. Esteves et al.) ( CAS); Anosy Region, PN Andohahela, Forêt de Manatalinjo, -24.82505, 46.57811, 90 m, spiny forest/thicket (B.L. Fisher, F.A. Esteves et al.) ( CAS); Atsimo Andrefana Region, District of Betioky ; RS Beza Mahafaly Parcelle Belle vue 07 km W of Research Station, -23.68983, 44.5755, 177 m, spiny forest, ( Rin’ha) ( CAS); Berenty Reserve, -24.98333, 46.3, 30 m, gallery forest (D.M. Olson) ( CAS); Forêt de Kirindy, 15.5 km 64° ENE Marofandilia, -20.045, 44.66222, 100 m, tropical dry forest (Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team) ( CAS); Forêt de Mahavelo, Isantoria River, -24.75833, 46.15717, 110 m, spiny forest/thicket (Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team) ( CAS); Forêt de Mite, 20.7 km 29° WNW Tongobory, -23.52417, 44.12133, 75 m, gallery forest (Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team) ( CAS); Forêt Vohidava 88.9 km N Amboasary, -24.24067, 46.28783, 500 m, spiny forest/dry forest transition (B.L. Fisher et al.) ( CAS); Mahafaly Plateau, 6.2 km 74° ENE Itampolo, -24.65361, 43.99667, 80 m, spiny forest/thicket (Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team) ( CAS); Makay Mts., -21.34228, 45.18314, 410 m, Gallery forest on sandy soil (B.L. Fisher et al.) ( CAS); Makay Mts., -21.21836, 45.3106, 510 m, Gallery forest on sandy soil (B.L. Fisher et al.) ( CAS); Makay Mts., -21.22284, 45.32477, 490 m, Gallery forest on sandy soil (B.L. Fisher et al.) ( CAS); Manderano, -23.5275, 44.08833, 70 m, gallery forest (Frontier Project) ( CAS); Manombo, -22.807, 43.76273, 218 m, gallery forest, TS1 (Frontier Wilderness Project) ( CAS); Menabe Region, District of Morondava, Beroboka village 45 km NE of Morondava, Antsarongaza dry forest 07,5 km E of Beroboka, -19.9775, 44.66633, 50 m, dry forest (M. Irwin, Rin’ha) ( CAS); Menabe Region, District of Morondava, Beroboka village 45 km NE of Morondava, Antsarongaza galery forest 07 km E of Beroboka, -19.9775, 44.66533, 45 m, Galery forest (M. Irwin, Rin’ha) ( CAS); PN Andohahela, Forêt d’Ambohibory, 1.7 km 61° ENE Tsimelahy, 36.1 km 308° NW Tolagnaro, -24.93, 46.6455, 300 m, tropical dry forest (Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team) ( CAS); PN Kirindy Mite, 16.3 km 127° SE Belo sur Mer, -20.79528, 44.147, 80 m, tropical dry forest (Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team) ( CAS); Ranobe, -23.03952, 43.61015, 20 m, gallery forest (Frontier Wilderness Project) ( CAS); RS Beza Mahafaly, Parcel 1, -23.65, 44.63333, 130 m, tropical dry forest (P.S. Ward) ( CAS); Réserve Berenty, -25.01667, 46.3, 25 m, tropical dry forest (P. S. Ward) ( CAS); Réserve Privé Berenty, Forêt de Bealoka, Mandraré River, 14.6 km 329° NNW Amboasary, -24.95694, 46.2715, 35 m, gallery forest (Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team) ( CAS); Réserve Privé Berenty, Forêt de Malaza, Mandraré River, 8.6 km 314° NW Amboasary, -25.00778, 46.306, 40 m, gallery forest (Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team) ( CAS); RS Ambohijanahary, Forêt d’Ankazotsihitafototra, 35.2 km 312 °NW Ambaravaranala, -18.26667, 45.40667, 1050 m, montane rainforest (Fisher, Griswold et al.) ( CAS); Sept Lacs, -23.52083, 44.15972, 120 m, gallery forest (Frontier Project) ( CAS); Southern Isoky-Vohimena Forest, -22.68333, 44.83333, 730 m (Sylvain) ( CAS); 5 km N Ampotaka, malaise on trail in Vitambany gallery forest, -24.65033, 43.96317, 86 m, Gallery forest (M.E. Irwin, Rin’ha) ( CAS), Ambohimahavelona village 33 km NE of Tulear, Andoharano dry forest, -23.44083, 43.89967, 46 m, dry forest (M.E. Irwin, Rin’ha) ( CAS); PN Andohahela Tsimelahy, -24.93683, 46.62667, 180 m, transition forest (M.E. Irwin, F.D. Parker, R. Harin’Hala) ( CAS); Berenty Special Reserve, 8 km NW Amboasary, 58 km SW of Fort Dauphin, -25.00667, 46.30333, 85 m, gallery forest (M.E. Irwin, F.D. Parker, R. Harin’Hala) ( CAS); near ANGAP office, PN Zombitse, -22.8865, 44.69217, 840 m, deciduous spiny forest (R. Harin’Hala) ( CAS); near road, PN Zombitse, -22.8405, 44.73117, 825 m, spiny deciduous forest (R. Harin’Hala) ( CAS); Parcel I, RS Beza Mahafaly, near research station, -23.6865, 44.591, 165 m, dry deciduous forest (R. Harin’Hala) ( CAS); Parcel II, RS Beza Mahafaly, near Bellevue, -23.68983, 44.5755, 180 m, spiny forest (R. Harin’Hala) ( CAS); Tsimelahy - Parcel II, PN Andohahela, transition forest, -24.93683, 46.62667, 180 m, transition forest (M.E. Irwin, F.D. Parker, R. Harin’Hala) ( CAS); Makay, -21.3133, 45.14788, 520 m, gallery forest (J.M. Bichain) ( CAS); Makay, -21.35695, 45.19021, 401 m, xerophylic vegetation (J.M. Bichain) ( CAS); Makay, -21.22283, 45.32453, 525 m, gallery forest (J.M. Bichain) ( CAS); Makay, -21.21882, 45.33289, 542 m, gallery forest (J.M. Bichain) ( CAS); Kirindy Forest, plot II, -20.07212, 44.65531, 50 m, dry forest (B.B. Blaimer) ( CAS).

Diagnosis.

In full-face view, lateral cephalic margins converging posteriorly towards eye level, posterior to eye level covered with erect hairs; two apical teeth of mandible closely spaced; head and gaster reddish black and mesosoma reddish orange or integument entirely reddish black.

Description.

Minor worker. In full-face view, lateral margins slightly converging progressively towards level of anterior border of eye, strongly converging to a short posterior margin; eye large and broadly convex (EL/CS: 0.27 ± 0.01; 0.25-0.29), breaking lateral cephalic margin, level of its posterior margin located at ca. posterior 1/3 of head (PoOc/CL: 0.28 ± 0.01; 0.26-0.29); frontal carinae medially diverging (FR/CS: 0.24 ± 0.01; 0.23-0.27), posteriorly parallel; clypeus without well-defined anterolateral angle, its anteromedian margin broadly convex, with anterolateral angle and anteromedian margin medially slightly concave; mandible with two apical teeth closely placed; antennal scape relatively long (SL/CS: 1.70 ± 0.08; 1.50-1.81). Pronotum and anterior section of mesonotum weakly convex, posterior portion of mesonotum flat immediately anterior to a barely visible metanotal groove; propodeal dorsum anteriorly convex and posteriorly flat, rounding to declivity; propodeal dorsum ca. 3 × as long as declivity. Petiolar node approximately conical or with short anterior face and posteriorly inclined dorsal margin; femur of hind leg axially rounded, not twisted basally.

First and second gastral tergites without a pair of white spots; head with numerous erect hairs on lateral margin, more than six erect hairs present near its posterior margin; antennal scape covered in suberect hairs inclined at ca. 30°; promesonotum, posterior portion of propodeum, and higher level of declivity covered with more or less long, erect hairs.

Major worker. With characteristics of minor worker except: broader head (CS: 14.07 ± 0.19; 3.81-4.40; CWb/CL: 0.89 ± 0.04; 0.85-0.96), apical 1/3 of antennal scape extending beyond posterior cephalic margin; two apical teeth of mandible normally spaced, usually area ranging from third to basal teeth of mandible divided into two teeth or denticles; mesosoma very robust, promesonotum and metanotum forming even convexity, propodeal dorsum forming separate convexity and rounding to a short declivity surface; petiolar node more flattened anteroposteriorly. Hairs numerous and shorter on body dorsum.

Distribution and biology.

As an endemic and widespread species of Madagascar, C. roeseli generally occurs in the western portion of the island in areas ranging from littoral and rainforest habitats in the north to dry forest areas in the west-central region through spiny forest and thicket in the south (Fig. 71G ). This species is also known to occupy savannah, Uapaca woodland, montane rainforests, and human-modified habitats of the south-central high plateau. Foraging behavior is mostly carried out on the ground surface and infrequently on low vegetation, while nests are located mainly in rotten logs, in the ground, and under stones, and rarely in rotting tree stumps and under root mat-litter on rocks.

Discussion.

Camponotus roeseli might be confused with C. daraina because of the presence of erect hairs on the lateral margin of the head posterior to the eye level; however, the latter species can be distinguished by the reddish orange color of the entire body.

The species name C. roeseli and the subspecies name C. maculatus legionarium were created and described by Forel (1910) and Santschi (1911b), respectively, based on major worker specimens. However, observations of the type specimens of the species and subspecies reveal no robust morphological characters to distinguish them. Samples of the minor workers for C. roeseli show striking morphological variation along the western dry forest of Madagascar, especially in body coloration that ranges from dark brown to black through the head; brown gaster; and mesosoma, petiolar node, and the basal portion of the legs yellowish orange. This indicates morphological variation of major workers within the species is likely. Therefore, C. maculatus legionarium is presently synonymized under C. roeseli .

The taxonomic identity of C. roeseli established by conventional qualitative morphology is supported by multivariate statistical methods. The grouping of samples of this species achieved by the NC-clustering method is confirmed by LDA with an identification success of 100%.

Figures

Figure 13. Head in full-face view A C. bemaheva (CASENT 0154158) B C. roeseli (CASENT 0492473).

Figure 14. Body in lateral view A C. daraina (CASENT 0077433) B C. roeseli (CASENT 0492473).

Figure 71. Camponotus roeseli A, C head in full-face view B, D lateral view E, F dorsal view of minor workers CASENT 0492473 and CASENT 0179449 G distribution map.