Larinioides folium ( Schrank, 1803 )

Šestáková, Anna, Marusik, Yuri M. & Omelko, Mikhail M., 2014, A revision of the Holarctic genus Larinioides Caporiacco, 1934 (Araneae: Araneidae), Zootaxa 3894 (1), pp. 61-82 : 78-79

Larinioides folium ( Schrank, 1803)

Figs 7 , 8 G, 9G, 10G, 15, 16, 25B, 31

Epeira folium Schrank 1803: 240 (D♀).

Epeira apoclysa Audouin 1826: 341 , pl. 3, fig. 1 (♂, misidentified). Epeira cornuta lurida Thorell 1875: 9 (D♀; nomen oblitum).

Epeira suspicax O. Pickard-Cambridge 1876: 577 (D♀).

Araneus cornutus orientalis Fage 1921: 176 , figs. 4B–C (D♂♀). Larinioides dernae Caporiacco 1934: 14 , fig. 5 (D♀).

Araneus cungei Bakhvalov 1974: 110 , figs 59, 61 (D♀). Syn. n. Araneus folium: Thaler 1974: 257 , figs 1–2, 5, 7, 10 (♂♀).

Nuctenea cornuta: Levi 1974: 306 , figs. 63–66 (♀, misidentified). Larinioides suspicax: Levy 1998: 347 , figs 144–150 (removed ♂♀ from synonymy of L. folium ). Larinioides folium: Mikhailov 2013a: 265 (name reinstated).

For a complete list of references see Platnick (2014).

Misidentifications:

L. suspicax Trotta, 2005: 162 , fig. 231. The figure refers to L. cornutus . Trotta (2005) used copies of figures published by other authors and partly confused L. cornutus with L. folium .

Material examined: SLOVAKIA: 1♂ (6 October 2008): Bratislava, Devínska Nová Ves, meadow near river Morava, 48°12’N 16°58’E, 138 m, A. Šestáková ( AS); 2♀♀ 1juv (10 June 2012): Leles, riparian forest near river, 48°28’N 22°E, 99 m, M. Holecová ( AS); 1♂ 0 8 (20 June 2008): Ipeľ, near river, Z. Krumpálová ( AS); 1♂ 2♀♀ (31 July 2006): Spišská Nová Ves, near water, 48°55’N 22°33’E, 498 m, A. Šestáková ( AS); 1♀ (1 August 2010): Rapovce, 48°16’N 19°41’E, 176 m, Ľ. Černecká (LC); 1♂ (15 September 2010): Malý Kiarov, wetland, 48°6’N 19°26’E, 147 m, Ľ. Černecká (LC). TURKEY: 1♀ (23 May 2005): Taskesigi, wetland, J. Dolanský ( AS). UKRAINE: 1♂ 2♀ (4 June 1982): Razdol’nenski District, Portovoye, Lebyazh’i islands, V. Bragina ( IBPN); 1♂ (17 August 1970), Kherson Province, Zheleznyi Port, V.Y. Fet ( IBPN). RUSSIA: 2♂ (1982), Kuibyshev (=Samara) Province, Zhiguli Reserve, Yu.Krasnobaev ( IBPN); 2♀ (13 June 1909), Tomsk Area, Zelenogorsk, Novinskoye Vil., Lavrov ( ZISP); 1♀ (July 1897), Krasnoyarsk Province, Minusinsk District, Shiro Lake, Yu. Wagner ( ZISP). ISRAEL: 1♂ (6 September 2011): Be'er Masha'bim, near pond, 31°1’N 34°45’E, 326 m, M. Forman ( AS). GEORGIA: 1♂ (16 June 1909), Kobuleti, coll. unknown ( ZISP). ARMENIA: 2♂ 2♀ (3 August 1983), Sevan Lake, 2060 m, D.V. Logunov ( IBPN). IRAN: 12♂ 5♀ (September 2005): Tehran, Karaj, H. Ghahari ( IBPN). KAZAKHSTAN: 2♂ 3♀ (16 June 1982): Uralsk Area, Sorkul Lake shore, 54°05'45"N 63°28'36"E, K.G. Mikhailov ( ZMMU); 1♀ (Summer 1982), Kustanai Province, Kustri, S. Udalov ( IBPN); 1♀ (23 May 1982), Barsakelmes Island, D.D. Piryulin ( IBPN); 2♀ (2 May 1983), Dzhambul Area, Georgiyevka, V.I. Ovtsharenko ( IBPN). UZBEKISTAN: 1♂ 1♀ (17 August 1873), Golodnaya Steppe, Ansher, O.O. Gorbatovski ( ZISP). KYRGYZSTAN: 2♀ (21 June 1983), Issyk-Kul’ Province, Kungei-Alatoo, Chon-Uryukty Gorge, 2000–2500 m, V. Ovtsharenko ( IBPN); 1♀ (17 June 1979), Frunze City, S.L. Zonstein ( IBPN).

Diagnosis. The species is similar to L. chabarovi and very similar to L. cornutus . From the L. chabarovi it can be distinguished by the copulatory organs. From sibling L. cornutus it differs by a square-shaped epigyne (rounded in L. cornutus ) ( Fig. 31 ) and by the toothed subterminal apophysis 2 ( Figs 15, 16 , blue).

Description. Carapace, chelicerae and sternum uniformly brown. Dorsum of abdomen with brown folium and pale cross ( Figs 7 A, C). Legs yellow, dark annulated.

Male. Total length 5.8–7.4. Carapace 3.4–4.0 long, 2.8–3.2 wide. Length of the first patella + tibia 5.4–8.0. Tibia II unmodified ( Fig. 8 G). Palp as in Figs 9 G, 10G, 15, 16, 25B; bulbus with tapered terminal apophysis; blunt subterminal apophysis 1; toothed subterminal apophysis 2; and embolus with a flat shield; median apophysis with flat rounded lower part and narrow upper one with a pointed tip; conductor rounded.

Female. Total length 7.4–10.6. Carapace 3.0–4.7 long, 2.6–3.6 wide. Length of the first patella + tibia 3.2–5.8. Epigyne as Fig. 31 , scapus short and straight; median plate anteriorly squared; surrounded by lateral lamellae, anteriorly folded into triangular lobes covering copulatory openings; basal lamellae well developed.

Distribution. This species is known from Europe to Tuva ( Marusik et al. 2000).

Comments. The species was known for a long time as L. folium Schrank, 1803 . Levy (1998) considered this name a nomen dubium, and instead of introducing a neotype (to keep stability), he revalidated the name L. suspicax . In this paper, we follow Mikhailov (2013a) who reinstated Epeira folium .

The figures of Araneus cungei Bakhvalov, 1974 (cf. Bakhvalov 1974, 1981a) show a trapezoidal shape of the epigyne, which undoubtedly indicates its conspecificity with L. folium , and two names are synonymised here.

Figures

FIGURE 8. Prolateral view of the second pair of male legs of Larinioides species. A— L. jalimovi; B— L ixobolus; C— L. sericatus; D— L. patagiatus; E— L. chabarovi, F— L. cornutus; G— L. folium.

FIGURE 9. Conductor of male palp of Larinioides species. A— L. jalimovi; B— L. ixobolus; C— L. sericatus; D— L. patagiatus; E— L. chabarovi; F— L. cornutus; G— L. folium.

FIGURES 5 – 7. Habitus of Larinioides species. Letters indicate columns; numbers indicate rows. 5: L. chabarovi; 6: L. cornutus; 7: L. folium. A, B—females; C, D—males; A, C—dorsal side; B, D—ventral side.

FIGURES 26 – 32. Epigyne of Larinioides species. Letters—columns. Numbers—rows. 26 — L. jalimovi; 27 — L. ixobolus; 28 — L. sericatus; 29 — L. patagiatus; 30 — L. cornutus; 31 — L. folium; 32 — L. chabarovi. A – D—posterior, E—lateral, F—dorsal view. A, C—before maceration; B, D – F—after maceration in NaOH solution. BL = basal lamella, LL = lateral lamella, SC = scapus.

FIGURES 13 – 16. Male embolic division of Larinioides cornutus and L. folium. Letters indicate columns; numbers indicate rows. 13, 14 — L. cornutus; 15, 16 — L. folium; 13, 15 — before maceration; 14, 16 — after maceration in NaOH solution; A, B—prolateral view; C, D—retrolateral view.