Phocidae Gray 1821

Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Carnivora, Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 532-628 : 595

Phocidae Gray 1821

Phocidae Gray 1821 , London Med. Repos., 15: 297.

Synonyms: Amphibia Trouessart 1879 ; Amphibiae Gray 1821 ; Cystophorina Gray 1837 ; Erignathini Chapskii 1955 ; Eumetopiina Gray 1869 ; Halichoerina Gray 1869 ; Histriophocina Chapskii 1955 ; Hydrurginae Trouessart 1907 ; Lobodoninae Kellogg 1922 ; Lobodontina Gray 1869 ; Miroungini Muizon 1982 ; Monachina Gray 1869 ; Ogmorhininae Turner 1888 ; Phocadae Gray 1821 ; Phocae Trouessart 1879 ; Phocomorpha Berta and Wyss 1994 ; Pinnigrada Owen 1857 ; Pinnigrades Owen 1857 ; Pinnipedia Illiger 1811 ; Sibiricopusidae Dybowski 1929 ; Stemmotopina Gray 1825 ; Stenorhynchina Gray 1844 ; Stenorhyncina Gray 1825 ; Stenorynchina Gray 1843 ; Thalattailurina Albrecht 1879 .

Genera: 13 genera with 19 species:

Genus Cystophora Nilsson 1820 (1 species)

Genus Erignathus Gill 1866 (1 species with 2 subspecies)

Genus Halichoerus Nilsson 1820 (1 species with 2 subspecies)

Genus Histriophoca Gill 1873 (1 species)

Genus Hydrurga Gistel 1848 (1 species)

Genus Leptonychotes Gill 1872 (1 species)

Genus Lobodon Gray 1844 (1 species)

Genus Mirounga Gray 1827 (2 species)

Genus Monachus Fleming 1822 (3 species)

Genus Ommatophoca Gray 1844 (1 species)

Genus Pagophilus Gray 1844 (1 species)

Genus Phoca Linnaeus 1758 (2 species with 5 subspecies)

Genus Pusa Scopoli 1771 (3 species with 5 subspecies)

Discussion: Reviewed by Chapskii (1955), Scheffer (1958), J. E. King (1966, 1983), Hendey (1972), Muizon (1982 b), and Wyss (1989). Muizon (1982 b), and Wyss's (1988) phylogenetic analyses agreed on three points: 1) The monophyletic nature of two groups they refer to as the Lobodontini ( Hydrurga , Leptonychotes , Lobodon , and Ommatophoca ), and the Phocinae ( Erignathus , Cystophora , Halichoerus , and Phoca ), 2) The lobodonts, along with Monachus and Mirounga traditionally have been referred to as the Monachinae (kept by Muizon), however, they both suggested that this group may be paraphyletic, 3) Because of the "unsettled" nature of these taxa, no subfamilies are recognized at this time. Distributions for species after Rice (1998).