Paralaophontodes Lang, 1944

George, Kai Horst, 2017, Phylogeny of the taxon Paralaophontodes Lang (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Laophontodinae), including species descriptions, chorological remarks, and a key to species, Zoosystematics and Evolution 93 (2), pp. 211-241 : 211

Genus Paralaophontodes Lang, 1944

Type species.

P. echinatus (Willey, 1930). Additional species: P. anjae sp. n., P. armatus (Lang, 1936) comb. n., P. elegans Baldari and Cottarelli, 1986, P. exopoditus Mielke, 1981, P. hedgpethi (Lang, 1965) comb. n., P. psammophilus (Soyer, 1974) comb. n., P. robustus ( Bŏzić, 1964).

Amended generic diagnosis.

Laophontodinae . Body slender and cylindrical. Cphth with triangular extensions medio- and postero-laterally (not clearly pronounced in P. elegans ). Cphth with dorso-median ridge extended into 2 posteriorly directed blunt, conical elevations and covered by tuft of hair-like setules in anterior half. P2-P5-bearing thoracic somites dorsally with sclerotized processes bearing sensilla at their tips. First to penultimate abdominal somites with pair of dorsal processes that are transversely connected, appearing H- or even A-shaped. Telson narrowest body somite, rectangular, with anal operculum dorsally. Furcal rami approximately 3-5 times longer than broad, with 7 setae; setae I and II close together, V longest seta. A1 4-segmented in female; 5-segmented and chirocer in male, with fourth segment strongly swollen and bearing a strong spine. A2 lacking exp, or if present small and knob-like, with 1 small, bare apical seta. Md palp unilobate, exp represented by 1 seta, enp represented by 3 setae. Mx with 2 elongate and slender endites bearing 2-3 apical setae. Mxp without syncoxal seta. P1 exp 2- to 3-segmented; P1 enp-2 distinctly elongate, reaching at least half the length of enp-1, equipped with strong claw accompanied by 1 minute seta, an additional long geniculate seta may be present. P2-P4 with laterally elongate bases. Exopods 3-segmented (fused to 1 long segment in P2 and P3 in P. robustus ); P2 lacking endopod, P3 with or without small knob-like endopod carrying 1 small bare seta, P4 with or without 2-segmented endopod. P5 with outer seta arising from long setophore; benp completely reduced; in female represented by 2 setae, in male represented by 1 seta; with 1-3 long tube pores. Exp fused with baseoendopodal part, long and slender, laterally with 2 setae; subapically with 1 inner and 1 outer seta; apically with 1 long seta; tube pores present or absent. Female P6 small, located in front of gonopore, consisting of small segment separated from or fused with somite, with 0-2 small setae. The taxon is justified as a monophylum due to 16 unambiguous autapomorphies (see Discussion).