Malus indica (Wall.) B.B.Liu, 2023

Liu, Guang-Ning, Ma, Dai-Kun, Xu, Chao, Huang, Jian, Ge, Bin-Jie, Luo, Qiang, Wei, Yu & Liu, Bin-Bin, 2023, Malus includes Docynia (Maleae, Rosaceae): evidence from phylogenomics and morphology, PhytoKeys 229, pp. 47-60 : 47

Malus indica (Wall.) B.B.Liu comb. nov.

Figs 4 , 5 Chinese name: 多依; pinyin (spelled as it sounds): duo yi

Pyrus indica ≡ Pyrus indica Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. (Wallich) 2(8): 56 (1831). Type: Tab. 173 (holotype, Fig. 4 ). INDIA. "Khasia reg. temp. alt. 6000 pds", J.D. Hooker & T. Thomson 510 (epitype, designated here: M [barcode M0213698]!). Note 1. Image of the epitype available from https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.m0213698.

Cydonia indica ≡ Cydonia indica (Wall.) Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. (Spach) 2: 158 (1834). Type: Based on Pyrus indica Wall.

Docynia indica ≡ Docynia indica (Wall.) Decne., Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 10: 131 (1874). Type: Based on Pyrus indica Wall.

Eriolobus indica ≡ Eriolobus indica (Wall.) C.K.Schneid., Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 728 (1906). Type: Based on Pyrus indica Wall.

Docynia griffithiana = Docynia griffithiana Decne., Nouv. Arch. Mus. Par. 10: 131 (1874). Type: INDIA. "Himalaya oriental.", Griffith 2082 (holotype: P [barcode P01819345]!; isotypes: E [barcode E00010836]!, K, CAL [accession no. 153563]). Image of the holotype available from https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.p01819345.

Docynia indica = Docynia indica var. griffithiana (Decne.) Ghora, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 47(1-4): 150 (2005). Type: Based on Docynia griffithiana Decne.

Docynia hookeriana = Docynia hookeriana Decne., Nouv. Arch. Mus. Par. 10: 131 (1874). Type: INDIA. "Khasia, regio temp. alt. 5000 pds.", J.D. Hooker & T. Thomson 511 (holotype: P [barcode P01819346]!). Image of the holotype available from https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.p01819346.

Pyrus rufifolia = Pyrus rufifolia H. Lév., Bull. Géogr. Bot. 25: 46 (1915), [ Pirus ]. Type: CHINA. Yunnan: "flane des coteaux arides à Lou-Pou, 3050 m, Juin 1912", E.E. Maire s.n. (holotype: E [barcode E00010835]!). Image of the holotype available from https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.e00010835.

Docynia rufifolia = Docynia rufifolia (H. Lév.) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 13: 310 (1932). Type: Based on Pyrus rufifolia H. Lév.

Malus docynioides = Malus docynioides C.K.Schneid., Bot. Gaz. 63: 400 (1917). Type: CHINA. Sichuan: "Szechuan australis: inter Kua-pie et Ta-tiao-ko, alt. ca. 2700 m, 23 Maji 1914", C.K. Schneider 1349 (holotype: K [barcode K000758093]!; isotype: A [barcode 00026465]!). Image of the holotype available from https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.k000758093.

Docynia docynioides = Docynia docynioides (C.K.Schneid.) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 2(1): 58 (1920). Type: Based on Malus docynioides C.K.Schneid.

Distribution.

Bhutan, China (Sichuan and Yunnan), India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sikkim, Thailand and Vietnam.

Note 1.

In the protologue of Pyrus indica , Wallich (1831) did not designate a specimen as the holotype, but only provided an illustration, which is considered to be the holotype (Fig. 4 ). However, the accurate identification of this species will be significantly impeded due to the limited morphological details in the illustration compared to the specimens ( Turland et al. 2018). Consequently, it becomes necessary to select a single specimen as the epitype in order to distinguish it from its closest relatives, such as Malus delavayi and M. longiunguis . Decaisne (1874) cited two specimens (J.D. Hooker & T. Thomson 509 and J.D. Hooker & T. Thomson 510) while transferring this species to Docynia as Docynia indica . Therefore, herein, we select a well-preserved specimen in the herbarium M (J.D. Hooker & T. Thomson 510: M0213698) as the epitype.

Figures

Figure 4. Holotype of Malus indica (redrawn from the illustration of Pl. Asiat. Rar. (Wallich 1831). 2: t. 173, 1831) A lobed-leaf B inflorescence branch C fruit D cross-section of fruit E longitudinal section of fruit.

Figure 5. Malus indica (Wall.) B. B. Liu A young fruit B fruit (cross-section) C fruit (longitudinal section) D flower E leaf branch F overview of tree. Photo credits: A, B, D, E and F to Jian Huang; C to Bin-Jie Ge.