Philisca atrata, Soto & Ramírez, 2012

Soto, Eduardo M. & Ramírez, Martín J., 2012, Revision and phylogenetic analysis of the spider genus Philisca Simon (Araneae: Anyphaenidae, Amaurobioidinae) 3443, Zootaxa 3443 (1), pp. 1-65 : 31-35

Philisca atrata new species

Figs 1e , 18–20 , 32a, b , 35b , 38h

Type material: Holotype male from Argentina, Río Negro province, P. Nac. Nahuel Huapi, sendero sobre Río Manso inferior, cerca desembocadura Lago Steffen , S41.51625º W71.53567º, elev. 517m, 1.I.2011, M. Ramírez, 1 male ( MACN-Ar 28020 ); female paratype from Río Negro province, P. Nac. Nahuel Huapi, mirador camino al Lago Steffen, 41.51189 ºS 71.49218 ºW, elev. 955m (barómetro), 1.I.2011, M. Ramírez, 1 female ( MACN-Ar 28022 ).

Etymology: The specific name is a Latin word (blackened), referring to the dark body of this species.

Diagnosis: It resembles other species of the ornata group by the modified male chelicerae and the epigyne with smooth, heart shaped median field close to the epigastric furrow ( Figs 35b , 13e, f ), and is very similar to P. accentifera by having the AME larger than the ALE. It can be distinguished from the latter species by the darker dorsal abdominal pattern, with a central shiny brown patch and white lateral bands ( Figs 1e , 14d , 16 ). The male palpal bulb has a sinuous PMA ( Fig. 20e ), and the female epigyne has the anterior pouch of the median field with lumen longer than wide ( Fig. 32a, b ).

Description. Female (paratype MACN-Ar 28022): Total length 5.59. Prosoma length 1.83, width 1.27, wider between legs II–III. Tibia/metatarsus length: I, 0.87/0.67; II, 0.83/0.63; III, 0.63/0.70; IV, 1.03/0.93. Chelicerae with three teeth on promargin (middle tooth bigger than others), three little teeth on retromargin. Sternum length 0.88, width 0.75. Spines: leg I, femur d 1–1–1, p d2ap; tibia v 0–p1–0; metatarsus v 2bas. II, femur d 1–1–1, p d1ap; tibia v p1ap; metatarsus v 2bas. III, femur d 1–1–1, p and r d1ap; patella r d1; tibia v p1–p1–2, p and r d1–1; metatarsus v 2–p1–2, d 0–p1–2, p 0–d1–1 and r d1–0–1. IV, femur d 1–1–1, p and r d1ap; patella r d1; tibia v p1– p1–2, p d1–1 and r 1–d1–1; metatarsus v 2–p1–2, d 0–p1–2, p and r d1–1–1. Color in ethanol ( Fig. 18 ): as in male, see below. Opisthosoma length 3.99, epigastrium–spiracle 2.03, spiracle–spinnerets 0.42. Epigyne ( Fig. 32a, b ) small, weakly sclerotized, translucent. MF heart-shaped. Anterior pouch deep, longer than wide. Ducts of AB long.

Male (holotype MACN-Ar 28020): Total length 3.46. Prosoma length 1.53, width 1.13. Length of tibia/ metatarsus: I, 1.03/0.97; II, 1.00/0.90; III, 0.67/0.75; IV, 1.03/1.23. Chelicerae modified ( Fig. 35b ), more robust than in female, with three on promargin (middle tooth bigger than others), three teeth on retromargin. Sternum length 0.83, width 0.62. Spines: leg I, femur d 1–1–1, p d2ap; tibia v 0–2–2; metatarsus v 2–2–2. II, femur d 1–1– 1, p d2ap; tibia v 0–2–2; metatarsus v 2–p1–p1. III, femur d 1–1–1, p and r d1ap; patella r d1; tibia v p1–p1–2, p d1–1, r 1–d1–1; metatarsus v 2–p1–2, d 0–p1–2, p d1–d1–1, r d1–1–1. IV, femur d 1–1–1, p and r d1ap; patella r d1; tibia v p1–p1–2, p d1–1 and r d1–d1–1; metatarsus v 2–p1–2, d 0–p1–2, p and r d1–d1–1. Opisthosoma length 1.70, spiracle–epigastrium 0.78, spiracle–spinnerets 0.23. Color in ethanol ( Fig. 19 ): Prosoma dark reddish brown, almost uniform. Legs reddish brown with dark spots. Sternum brown, paler than prosoma. Opisthosoma dark brown, with small white spots dorsally ( Fig. 19a ). Palp ( Fig. 20 ): Tibia width/length 0.6, Embolus large, cylindrical, rounded ( Fig. 20g ). MA long, with series of thin branches ( Fig. 20h ). PMA long and sinuous, pPMA simple, wide. Conductor canal vestigial, limited to tip, ending in longitudinally ridged peak, on rounded projection, directed backwards.

Variability: Spines in males: I, femur r 0; tibia v 0–p1–2 or 0–2–2. II, tibia v 0 or 0–p1–p1 or r1–2–2; metatarsus v 2–p1–0. III, tibia v 0–0–p1. Spines in females: I, tibia v 0–2–p1 or p1ap. II, tibia v 2ap or p1ap or 0. III, tibia v 0–p1–p1 or p1–p1–2; metatarsus v r1–0–2 or 2–0–2. IV, metatarsus v 2–0–2.

Distribution: Temperate forests and shrubs in Chile, from Antofagasta to Chiloé Provinces, and Argentina, from Neuquén to Chubut Provinces ( Fig. 38h ).

Other material examined: ARGENTINA: Neuquén: P.N. Lanín, Puerto Canoas , 8.I.1985, M. Ramírez, 5 females and 1 immature ( MACN-Ar 15111 ) . Río Negro: Norquinco , 20.VI.1996, A. Kovács, 3 females and 1 male ( AMNH) ; El Bolsón, A. Kovács, 4 females ( AMNH) ; same locality, 19.X.1961, A. Kovács, 1 females ( AMNH) ; same locality, 12.X.1961, A. Kovács, 1 female and 1 immature ( AMNH) ; same locality, 28.X.1961, A. Kovács, 2 females ( AMNH) ; same locality, 4.IX.1961, A. Kovács, 1 female ( AMNH) ; same locality, 14.XII.1961, A. Kovács, 1 immature ( AMNH) ; same locality, 25.IX.1962, A. Kovács, 2 females ( AMNH) ; same locality, 7.X.1962, A. Kovács, 2 immatures ( AMNH) ; same locality, 21.XI.1962, M. Birabén, 9 females, 6 males and 13 immatures ( MACN-Ar 15110 ) ; same locality, 4.II.1963, M. Birabén, 3 females and 2 immatures ( MACN-Ar 15116 ) ; San Carlos de Bariloche, Colonia Suiza , 800m, 21–22.XII.1981, Nielsen, Karsholt, 1 male ( ZMUC) . Chubut: Epuyén , 17.X.1966, A. Kovács, 2 females and 2 males ( AMNH) ; S42.15º W71.23º, 18.XI.1962, A. Kovács, 1 male ( AMNH) ; Lago Puelo , 20.X.1965, A. Kovács, 3 females and 1 male ( AMNH) ; same locality, 5.X.1961, A. Kovács, 1 male ( AMNH) . Santa Cruz: Río Turbio , 12.I.1962, A. Kovács, 1 female ( AMNH) ; Río Turbio , A. Kovács, 2 females ( AMNH) ; El Hoyo , 10.I.1962, A. Kovács, 1 immature ( AMNH) ; El Maitén , 2.II.1966, A. Kovács, 4 females ( AMNH) ; Cholila , XI.1962, Birabén, 1 male ( MACN-Ar 15114 ) ; Los Cipreses , XI.1982, M. Ramírez, 2 females ( MACN-Ar 15109 ) ; El Hoyo , IX.1961, M. Birabén, 1 male and 5 immatures ( MACN-Ar 15115 ) . CHILE: Región II (Antofagasta) : Antofagasta Prov.: Las Lomitas, P.N. Pan de Azúcar , 26.7km (por aire) N Chañaral , S26.00979º W70.60601º (GPS, +- 180m), 823m (barómetro), 26.X.2011, lomas con niebla, matorrales y cactus, colecta general, M.J. Ramírez, A. Ojanguren, J. Pizarro et al. (MJR-loc-42), 1 female ( MACN-Ar 28365 ) , 1 female ( MACN-Ar 28368 ) , 1 male ( MACN-Ar 28366 ) , 1 male ( MACN-Ar 28367 ) , 3 females, 2 males, 11 immatures ( MACN-Ar 28369 ) , 1 female and 1 male ( UC) , 1 female and 1 male ( MHNS) ; 6km E Paposos , elev. 480m, 12.X.1992, N. Platnick, K. Catley, P. Goloboff, 1 female ( AMNH) ; Cerro Moreno , 900m, 18.IV.1992, H. Larrain, 2 females ( AMNH) ; 8.1km NNW Paposo, 60km (por aire) N Taltal , S24.93947º W70.49265º (GPS, +- 200m), 114m elev. (barómetro), 27–29.X.2011, desierto florido matorrales, colecta general, M.J. Ramírez, A. Ojanguren, J. Pizarro et al. (MJR-loc-45), 1 female (MACN- Ar 28356), 1 male ( MACN-Ar 28357 ) , 1 male ( MACN-Ar 28358 ) , 14 females, 12 males and 15 immatures ( MACN-Ar 28359 ) , 10 females and 10 males ( UC) , 10 females and 10 males ( MHNS) . Región III (Atacama) : Huasco Prov.: Carretera Costera, cerca de Caleta Los Burros , 5.4km (por aire) NNE Carrizal Bajo , S28.03727º W71.12570º (GPS, +- 50m), 132m elev. (barómetro), 25.X.2011, desierto florido, colecta general, M.J. Ramírez, A. Ojanguren, J. Pizarro et al. (MJR-loc-38), 1 male ( MACN-Ar 28364 ) . Región IV (Coquimbo) : Coquimbo Prov.: El Bato (farm in metres), E Illapel, Choapa , 10.X.1985, L. Peña, 1 female ( AMNH) ; Bahía Mansa , N. Huentelauquen, 2–3.X.1993, L. Peña, 1 female ( AMNH) ; Cuesta Porotitos, N La Serena , S29.79254º W71.29051º (GPS, +- 150m), 135m elev. (barómetro) 23.X.2011, matorrales xerófilo, colecta general, M.J. Ramírez, A. Ojanguren, J. Pizarro et al. (MJR-loc-30), 1 female ( MACN-Ar 28361 ) , 1 female ( MACN-Ar 28362 ) , 1 female ( MACN-Ar 28360 ) . Choapa Prov.: Cuesta Cavilolén, 23.5km (por aire) NW Los Vilos , S31.76669º W71.32727º (GPS +- 300m), 600m elev. (barómetro), bosque relicto en quebrada, colecta general, 2.XI.2011, M.J. Ramírez, A. Ojanguren, J. Pizarro et al. (MJR-loc-60), 1 female ( MACN-Ar 28294 ) , 1 female ( MACN-Ar 28290 ) , 1 male ( MACN-Ar 28291 ) . Elqui Prov.: beach 9km S. Cruz Grande , elev. 5m, S29º29’ W71º19’, 11.XI.1993, N. Platnick, K. Catley, M. Ramírez, T. Allen, 1 female and 6 immatures ( AMNH) ; 20km N La Serena , rt.5 491km, elev. 120m, S29º46’ W71º20’, 11.XI.1993, N. Platnick, K. Catley, M. Ramírez, T. Allen, 3 females ( AMNH) ; Playa Totalillo, 12.3km (por aire) SSW Coquimbo , S30.07032º W71.37633º (GPS +- 50m), 1m elev., playa rocosa en grietas, 31.X.2011, M.J. Ramírez, A. Ojanguren, J. Pizarro et al., 1 male ( MACN-Ar 28281 ) . Región V (Valparaíso) : Quillota Prov.: Cuesta El Melón, 17.7km (por aire) S La Ligua, S32.60880º W71.23638º (GPS +- 100m), 578m elev. (barómetro), bosque relicto en quebrada, colecta general, 3.XI.2011, M.J. Ramírez, A. Ojanguren, J. Pizarro et al. (MJR-loc-63), 1 male ( MACN-Ar 28285 ) . Valparaíso Prov.: sendero a Quebrada El Tigre , 2.3km E Zapallar, S32.55368º W71.43493º (GPS, trayecto +- 80m), elev. 348–357m (barómetro), 12.II.2011, bosque de boldo, M. Ramírez, E. Soto, J. Pizarro (MJR-loc- 03), 1 male ( MACN-Ar 28021 ) . Región VII (Maule) : Curicó Prov.: 20km E. Potrero Grande, El Relvo , S35º11’00.8” W70º55’57.5”, fogging Lomatia dentata , 14.I.2004, J. Barriga T., 1 female ( MACN-Ar 27295 ) ; Las Tablas, East of Curicó , II.1985, L. Peña, 3 females ( AMNH) . Talca Prov.: Las Placetas, San Clemente 800m, 19–20.XI.1994, L. Peña, 7 females, 8 males and 2 immatures ( AMNH) . Cauquenes Prov.: Reserva Nac. Los Ruiles , W of Cauquenes, elev. 135m, S35º50’ W72º31’, 15.XI.1993, N. Platnick, K. Catley, M. Ramírez, T. Allen, 1 female ( AMNH) ; Chanco , dunes elev. 2m, 15.XI.1993, N. Platnick, K. Catley, M. Ramírez, T. Allen, 1 male ( AMNH) . Maule Prov.: Tregualemu , elev. 520m, 6–7.XI.1993, L. Peña, A. Lagarte, 1 male ( AMNH) . Región VIII (Bío-Bío) : Arauco Prov. : 10km N Curanilahue, 21.XI.1992, T. Cekalovic, 3 females ( AMNH) . Bío-Bío Prov.: Caledonia, E. of Mulchen ; 700– 900m, 6–15.II.1981, 1 female ( AMNH) ; El Manzano nr. Contulmo , 15.XII.1985, L. Peña, 1 female ( AMNH) . Concepción Prov.: Periquillo , 7.X.1994, T. Cekalovic, 1 male ( AMNH) ; Chivilingo , 8.XII.1988, T. Cekalovic, 1 female ( AMNH) ; El Manzano , 6.I.1988, T. Cekalovic, 1 female and 1 male ( AMNH) ; Escuadrón , 10.IV.1988, T. Cekalovic, 1 immature ( AMNH) ; Ñuble Prov.: El Sauce, San Fabián de Alico , 8–24.I.1986, L. Peña, 1 female ( AMNH) ; Chillán Cuesta de Quilmo , 13.XI.1976, G. Moreno, 3 males ( AMNH) ; Laguna Chica de San Pedro , 5.XII.1994, T. Cekalovic, 1 female ( AMNH) ; Punta El Zorro , 20.XII.1992, T. Cekalovic, 2 males ( AMNH) ; 50km E of San Carlos , 26.XII.1950, Ross, Michelbacher, 2 females ( CAS) . Región IX (Araucanía) : Malleco Prov.: Curacautin, 16.XII.1985, L. Peña, 5 females and 1 male (male: AMNH temporary preparations, EMS-00133, EMS- 00134). Cautín Prov. : Chacamos , NW of Nueva Imperial, W of Temuco, 16–24.II.1981, L. Peña, 1 female ( AMNH) ; Los Pinos, nr Loncoche , 20.XII.1985, L. Peña, 1 male ( AMNH) ; 30km NE Villarrica , 1–30.I.1965, L. Peña, 1 female ( MCZ) ; Nahuelbuta , W of Angol, 1300m, 6–12.I.1982, L. Peña, 1 female ( AMNH; temporary preparations, EMS- 00131, EMS-00132). Región X (Los Lagos) : Chiloé Prov.: Isla de Chiloé, Lago Tepuhueico , 11–15.XII.1985, L. Peña, 3 females and 1 male ( AMNH) ; Loncomilla , 7.II.1988, T. Cekalovic, 5 females ( AMNH) ; Isla Chiloé, Camino Yladad , 8.II.1994, T. Cekalovic, 1 female ( AMNH) ; Río Gamboa , 25.II.1968, T. Cekalovic, 1 female and 1 male ( AMNH) ; between Chacao & Ancud, 30m, 27.XI.1981, N. Platnick, R. Schuh, 2 females and 1 male ( AMNH) ; San Juan de Chadmo , 20.II.1997, T. Cekalovic, 7 females ( AMNH) ; Isla Lemuy, Puerto Haro , 20.II.1996, T. Cekalovic, 1 female ( AMNH) . Llanquihue Prov.: Puente Murror , 4.II.1988, T. Cekalovic, 1 female ( AMNH) ; 2–3km NW of Ensenada , 18.III.1965, H. Levi, 1 female ( MCZ) . Osorno Prov.: Pucatrihue , coast, 1– 12.II.1980, L. Peña, 1 female ( AMNH) . Región XIII (Metropolitana): Santiago Prov. : S of Melipilla, 6– 8.XII.1980, L. Peña, 1 female ( AMNH) ; Malleco , XI.1979, L. Peña, 1 female ( AMNH) . Región XIV (de los Ríos) : Valdivia Prov.: Purolón , NW Panguipulli, 10.I.1985, L. Peña, 3 females ( AMNH) ; Lago Calafquen , 18.II.1977, T. Cekalovic, 1 female ( AMNH) ; Río Nahuilán , 24km SE Valdivia, 16.I.1989, M. Ramírez, 1 female ( MACN-Ar 1518 ) ; Nancul Fundo “El Lingue”, 8.II.1993, T. Cekalovic, 1 female ( AMNH) ; Río Llancahue , 3km S Conaripe, 7.II.1993, T. Cekalovic, 2 females ( AMNH) .

Figures

FIGURE 1. Females and males of Philisca. a Female of P. tripunctata Nicolet (Gil de Vilches, II.1992, AMNH). b Male of P. amoena Simon (Osorno, Puyehue, Aguas calientes, 21.II.1993). c Female of P. huapi Ramírez (Monumento Natural Contulmo, MACN-Ar 15108). d Female of P.ornataBerland (Robinson Crusoe Is., MACN-Ar 28048). e Male of Philisca atrata (P. Nac. Pan de Azucar, MACN-Ar 28367). f Female of Philisca viernes (Robinson Crusoe Is., MACN-Ar 28037). (e, photo by Sergio Rothmann Toro; all the rest by M. J. Ramírez).

FIGURE 13. Philisca ornata Berland (EMS-00115, EMS-00143, EMS-00080). a–c female (a dorsal habitus; b epigyne, ventral view; c cleared epigyne, dorsal view); d–e male left palp (d ventral view; e same, retrolateral view. (AB: accessory bulbs, CD: copulatory ducts, MF: median field, S: spermathecae).

FIGURE 14. Female of Philisca accentifera Simon. a female dorsal habitus; b–e epigyne (b ventral view; c cleared epigyne, dorsal view; EMS-00129, MACN-Ar 27296); d scanning electron micrographs, ventral view, e same, detail (MACN-Ar 15282). (AB: accessory bulbs, CD: copulatory ducts, MF: median field, S: spermathecae).

FIGURE 16. Philisca accentifera Simon (EMS-00114 and EMS-00130). Male, a–c left palp (a prolateral view, b ventral view, c retrolateral view); d–h copulatory bulb (d prolateral view, e ventral view, f retrolateral view, g apical view, h apical– retrolateral detail view). (C: conductor, E: embolus, MA: median apophysis, PMA: paramedian apophysis).

FIGURE 18. Philisca atrata new species (MACN-Ar 28022) a–d female paratype (a dorsal habitus; b prosoma, dorsal view; c ventral habitus; d prosoma, ventral view).

FIGURE 19. Philisca atrata new species (MACN-Ar 28020) a–d male (a dorsal habitus; b prosoma, dorsal view; c ventral habitus; d prosoma, ventral view).

FIGURE 20. Philisca atrata new species (MACN-Ar 28020 and EMS-00134). Male, a–c left palp (a prolateral view, b ventral view, c retrolateral view); d–h copulatory bulb (d prolateral view, e ventral view, f retrolateral view, g apical view, h apical– retrolateral detail view). (C: conductor, E: embolus, MA: median apophysis, PMA: paramedian apophysis, rPMA: retrolateral cusp of the paramedian apophysis).

FIGURE 32. Epigyne of Philisca species. Philisca atrata (a epigyne, ventral view, EMS-00132; b cleared epigyne, dorsal view, MACN-Ar 28022). Philisca robinson (c epigyne, ventral view; d cleared epigyne, dorsal view; EMS-00068 and EMS- 00155). Philisca pizarroi (e epigyne, ventral view; f cleared epigyne, dorsal view; EMS-00067 and EMS-00153). (AB: accessory bulbs, CD: copulatory ducts, MF: median field, S: spermathecae).

FIGURE 35. Male chelicerae of Philisca species, anterior view. a P. accentifera Simon (EMS-00130). b P. atrata (EMS- 00133). c P. robinson (EMS-00156). d P. pizarroi (EMS-00154). e. P. viernes (EMS-00152).

FIGURE 38. Distribution of the continental species of Philisca.