Ummidia solana, Echeverri & Gómez Torres & Pinel & Perafán, 2023

Echeverri, Mariana, Gomez Torres, Sebastian, Pinel, Nicolas & Perafan, Carlos, 2023, Four new species of mygalomorph spiders (Araneae, Halonoproctidae and Theraphosidae) from the Colombian Pacific region (Bahia Solano, Choco), ZooKeys 1166, pp. 49-90 : 49

Ummidia solana sp. nov.

Figs 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10

Type material.

Holotype ♂: Colombia, Chocó, Bahía Solano, Jardín Botánico del Pacífico, 6.38, -77.40, elevation 60 m a.s.l., 10-25 February 2022, M. Echeverri, S. Gómez Torres and C. Perafán leg. (ICN 12356). Paratype ♀: same data as holotype, except elevation 132 m a.s.l. (ICN 12357).

Etymology.

The specific epithet Ummidia solana is a noun in feminine refers to the municipality of Bahía Solano, one of the most beautiful places in the Colombian Pacific coast, recognized for having large and desolate beaches and landscapes of abundant vegetation. It is immersed in one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots. It is also said that the word “solano” means "wind from where the sun rises".

Diagnosis.

Ummidia solana sp. nov. can be differentiated from all geographically proximate species (see Godwin and Bond 2021) by the following combination of morphological features. Male: subcircular carapace, palpal bulb with thin and smoothly sinuous embolus, distally flattened (Fig. 7A-D ); tibia I with numerous spines, 14 prolateral and 40 retrolateral; tarsus IV with defined comb on the retrolateral face (Fig. 6F ) (males of U. quijichacaca and U. tibacuy unknown). Female: oval carapace, longer than wide, with strongly procurved fovea, wide and deep (Fig. 8A, B ) (carapace longer than wide but angular in U. quijichacaca and wider than long and rounded in U. tibacuy , both with shallower fovea); basal segment of chelicerae with numerous lateral teeth (9-10) (4-6 in U. quijichacaca and U. tibacuy ); maxillae with two sets (proximal and distal) of few cuspules of similar number (ca. 12) (Fig. 9F ) (27 proximal / 24 distal in U. quijichacaca and 38 proximal / 15 distal in U. tibacuy ); palp trochanter with distinct group of elongated cuspules (Fig. 9E ) (unknown in the other species); labium with few weak subconical cuspules (4) (Fig. 9D ) (7 in U. quijichacaca and 13 in U. tibacuy ); tarsus IV with comb of long spinules on the retrolateral face (Fig. 10E ) (similar in U. quijichacaca and alternating long and short hairs in U. tibacuy ); and seminal receptacles straight oriented inwardly, mushroom-shaped distally subspherical, with wide rounded bulbs (Fig. 8E ) (seminal receptacles mushroom-shaped but flat bulbs in U. quijichacaca and straight not mushroom-shaped in U. tibacuy ). Additionally, female and male (alive) with black carapace and legs, grayish abdomen, and male with reddish brown tarsi (Fig. 3A ).

Distribution.

Known only from the type locality (Figs 1 , 2 ).

Description.

Male (holotype) (Figs 3A , 4 - 7 ). Total length: 13.40. Chelicerae basal segment: length 1.37, width 1.47. Carapace: subcircular, glabrous, rugose, length 6.85, width 6.87; cephalic area elevated, length 4.8, height 0.59. Abdomen: egg-shaped with evenly distributed bristles set in strongly developed wart-like sockets. Spinnerets: PLS with three segments, total length 1.25 (basal 0.66, middle 0.29, apical digitiform 0.3); basal segments with fine, small, and macro-spigots, distal segment with numerous fine spigots and few macro-spigots. PMS with one segment, length 0.65, with numerous small spigots. (Fig. 4 ).

Clypeus: length 0.38, without bristles; protracted onto membranous connection between carapace and chelicerae. Eye group (Fig. 4E ): eight eyes on a raised ovoid tubercle, arranged in two rows on the near anterior edge of carapace; anterior eye row procurved, posterior eye row straight. Ocular tubercle: length 0.93, width 1.33. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.36 (circular), ALE 0.42 (oval), PME 0.19 (circular), PLE 0.29 (oval), AME-AME 0.09, AME-ALE 0.09, ALE-ALE 0.94, PME-PME 0.49, PME-PLE 0.04, PLE-PLE 0.97, AME-PME 0.05, ALE-PLE 0.10. Thoracic fovea (Fig. 4E ): transverse, highly procurved, deep, width 2.1; 4.48 from the anterior edge of carapace. Chelicerae basal segment: furrow with ca. six prolateral / eight retrolateral teeth. Rastellum: absent. Fang long. Maxillae (Fig. 5 ): sub-rectangular, with ca. 24 left / 30 right cuspules uniformly distributed on the ventral posterior area; cuspules on the anterior inner edge absent. Labium (Fig. 5 ): semi-dome shape, length 0.95, width 1.24, with ten weak subconical cuspules. Labio-sternal junction: narrow. Palp trochanter: without cuspules. Sternum (Fig. 5A ): rounded, length 3.68, width 3.63; smooth, with few setae mainly on the edge. Lacking lateral sigilla, posterior sigilla large, central, and indistinct.

Legs pattern: IV>I>II>III. Lengths of legs and palpal segments on Table 1 . Tarsal claws: STC with single large and acute proximal tooth, ITC very short and steeply curved in all tarsi. Claw tufts: absent. Pseudoscopulae: tarsi I and II present, III and IV absent; metatarsi I and II present on distal edge, III and IV absent. Tarsal trichobothria: filiform present, 1-3 clavate trichobothria in all tarsi. All femora with wide membranous slits on proximal side. All legs and palp with many spiniform setae (Fig. 6 ). All femora and the palp without spines.

Legs I (Fig. 6A-C ) and II: lateral fields of short curvy spines on tarsus, metatarsus, tibia, and patella. Leg III (Fig. 6D, E ): trochanter with blunt pointed apophysis on prolateral dorsal (Fig. 6D ); femur swollen; patella strong, with prolateral field of eight short spines on half distal side; tibia short, strong saddle, flanked on either side by narrow membranous slits, with field of short spines on distal dorsal-prolateral side; metatarsus short, with dorsal field of four short spines on distal edge; tarsus short, with prolateral and retrolateral long spine field along full length of segment. Leg IV: retrolateral face of tarsus with defined comb over length of the segment (Fig. 6F ).

Palp (Fig. 7 ): femur distally wider, tibia swollen (Fig. 7E ); palpal bulb pyriform, with subtegulum small, embolus thin, smoothly sinuous, distally flattened (Fig. 7A-D ).

Coloration. Living spider: carapace black, rugose; ocular area black, PME yellow; chelicerae basal segment, palp, and legs black; tarsi reddish brown; abdomen gray, with cream color spotted pattern. In alcohol: carapace black; sternum brown; labium and maxillae reddish brown; legs dark brown; abdomen gray with spotted pattern; genital area, book lung openings and spinnerets light yellow.

Female (paratype) (Figs 3B , 8 - 10 ). Total length: 19.1. Chelicerae basal segment: length 1.2, width 1.7. Carapace: oval, glabrous, shiny, length 10, width 7.9; cephalic area elevated, length 6.62, height 0.82. Abdomen: large, egg-shaped with evenly distributed bristles set in strongly developed wart-like sockets. Spinnerets: PLS with three segments, total length 1.63 (basal 0.77, middle 0.5, apical digitiform 0.36); basal segments with fine, small, and macro-spigots, distal segment with numerous fine spigots and few macro-spigots. PMS with one segment, length 0.78, with numerous small spigots. (Fig. 8 ).

Clypeus: length 0.35, with few bristles; protracted onto membranous connection between carapace and chelicerae. Eye group (Fig. 8B ): eight eyes on a raised ovoid tubercle, arranged in two rows on the near anterior edge of carapace; anterior eye row procurved, posterior eye row straight, slightly recurved. Ocular tubercle: length 1.12, width 1.94. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.3 (circular), ALE 0.52 (oval), PME 0.5 (oval), PLE 0.42 (oval), AME-AME 0.13, AME-ALE 0.42, ALE-ALE 1.15, PME-PME 0.45, PME-PLE 0.11, PLE-PLE 1.15, AME-PME 0.17, ALE-PLE 0.27. Thoracic fovea (Fig. 8A, B ): transverse, highly procurved, deep, width 2.67; 5.32 from the anterior edge of carapace. Chelicerae basal segment: furrow with ca. ten prolateral / nine retrolateral teeth. Rastellum (Fig. 9A, B ): present, formed by many stout short spines, the majority arranged in very developed prolateral process. Fang long. Maxillae (Fig. 9D, F ): sub-rectangular, with cuspules organized in two groups; one group with ca. 12 strong and larger cuspules, proximal and scattered throughout most of the article; the other one with ca. 13 smaller distal cuspules, the majority occupying the distal edge. Palp trochanter (Fig. 9E ): with distinct group of ca. 13 elongated cuspules. Labium (Fig. 9C, D ): semi-dome shape, length 1.35, width 1.83, with four weak subconical cuspules. Labio-sternal junction: narrow. Sternum (Fig. 9C ): rounded, length 5.3, width 5.33; smooth, with few setae mainly on the edge. Lacking lateral sigilla, posterior sigilla large, central, and indistinct.

Legs pattern: IV>I>III>II. Lengths of legs and palpal segments on Table 2 . Tarsal claws:

STC with single large and acute proximal tooth, ITC very short and steeply curved in all tarsi. Claw tufts: absent. Pseudoscopulae: absent in all legs. Tarsal trichobothria: Palpal tarsus with ca. 13 clavate trichobothria on medial edge and four filiform trichobothria on distal edge; tarsi I-IV with 1-3 clavate trichobothria and few filiform trichobothria. All femora with wide membranous slits on distal side. All legs and palp with many spiniform setae (Fig. 10 ). All legs femora and patellae I and II without spines.

Legs I (Fig. 10A, B ) and II, and palp. Palp: femur with a wide row of fine spine-like setae (SLS) along 60% of the segment; patella with a low promedial lobe and four short and wide spines; tibia with a prolateral and retrolateral wide row of curved spines along full length of segment; metatarsus-tarsus with a prolateral and retrolateral wide row of curved spines along full length of segment. Femora I and II: with central rows of short fine SLS along full length of segment. Patellae I and II: with a low retromedial lobe, with three dorsal central rows of fine and short SLS along full length of segment, with some ventral long SLS. Tibiae I and II: with several row of dorsal SLS; tibia I with a wide prolateral and retrolateral row of curved spines along full length of segment; tibia II with a ventral row of lightly curved spines along full length of segment, with a prolateral row of short, curved spines along full length of segment. Metatarsi I and II: with dorsal SLS along full length of segment, and a prolateral and retrolateral row of curved spines along full length of segment. Tarsi I and II: with dorsal SLS and a prolateral and retrolateral row of short, curved spines.

Leg III (Fig. 10C, D ). Trochanter: with blunt pointed apophysis on prolateral dorsal (Fig. 10C ). Femur: swollen, with dorsal and ventral rows of SLS. Patella: dorsal with a central row of SLS along full length of segment, with ca. 13 prodorsal short and strong spines in distal edge. Tibia (Fig. 10D ): short, strong saddle, flanked on either side by narrow membranous slits on either side, field of short and fine spines in median side, field of short spines on distal prolateral and dorsal side, with a dorsal row of SLS along full length of segment. Metatarsus: with dorsal and prolateral strong spines, larger than tibiae spines, with a ventral row of strong spines on the distal edge of segment. Tarsus: with prolateral and retrolateral long spines and SLS along full length of the segment.

Leg IV. Trochanter and femur: unmodified. Patella: with a wide dorsal central row, prolateral fields of short spines, rise in size toward distal side. Tibia: swollen, dorsal and prolateral with a row of short and fine spines along full length of segment. Metatarsus and tarsus: prodorsal and retrodorsal with SLS along full length of segment, and with ventral long spines covering the totality of the tarsus and 80% of the metatarsus. Retrolateral face of tarsus with defined comb of long spinules over length of the segment (Fig. 10E ).

Spermathecae (Fig. 8E ): two seminal receptacles, straight, oriented inwardly, mushroom-shaped distally subspherical, granulated appearance; proximal part tubular, glandular, medial part formed by a sclerotized band, distal part subspherical, glandular.

Coloration. Living spider: carapace black, smooth, shiny, darker than male; ocular area black, PME yellow; chelicerae basal segment, palp, and legs black; abdomen dark gray, with cream color spotted pattern. In alcohol: carapace dark brown; legs and palp brown with darker overtones, mainly in femora and in the distal segments of all legs; sternum, labium, and maxillae brown; abdomen greyish brown with spotted pattern; genital area, book lung openings, and spinnerets light yellow.

Remarks.

Ummidia solana sp. nov. is the third species described from the genus and the family Halonoproctidae for Colombia. Godwin and Bond (2021) previously described the species Ummidia quijichacaca and Ummidia tibacuy , both distributed in the center of the country, in the Eastern Cordillera of the Andean Region, and known only from female specimens. U. solana sp. nov. broadens the geographical distribution of the genus since it represents the first record from the Chocó Biogeographical Region. The male was captured walking at night while the female was captured inside her cave, also active at night. Her burrow was built on the ground under leaf litter.

Figures

Figure 1. Tropical rainforest of the Jardin Botanico del Pacifico, Colombian Choco Biogeographic Region A aerial view of the forest and the Pacific Ocean B overhead view of the forest.

Figure 2. Type locality of Euthycaelus cunampia sp. nov, Melloina pacifica sp. nov., Neischnocolus mecana sp. nov., and Ummidia solana sp. nov. A Geographic location of the Jardin Botanico del Pacifico (JBP), Choco, Colombia B, C habitat.

Figure 3. Ummidia solana sp. nov., habitus A holotype male B paratype female.

Figure 4. Ummidia solana sp. nov., holotype male, habitus A dorsal view B ventral view C, D abdomen C dorsal view D ventral view E carapace.

Figure 5. Ummidia solana sp. nov., holotype male A sternum and coxae B labium and maxillae.

Figure 6. Ummidia solana sp. nov., holotype male A-C leg I A retrolateral view B prolateral view C detail of lateral fields of short curvy spines D, E leg III D trochanter, blunt pointed apophysis E tibia III, retrolateral dorsal view, saddle-like depression F tarsus IV, retrolateral view, comb.

Figure 7. Ummidia solana sp. nov., holotype male, pedipalp A-D copulatory bulb A ventral view B dorsal view C prolateral view D retrolateral view E retrolateral view.

Figure 8. Ummidia solana sp. nov., paratype female A habitus, dorsal view B carapace C, D abdomen C dorsal view D ventral view E spermathecae, ventral view.

Figure 9. Ummidia solana sp. nov., paratype female A, B chelicerae, rastellum A ventral view B dorsal view C sternum and coxae D labium and maxillae E palp trochanter F maxilla.

Figure 10. Ummidia solana sp. nov., paratype female A, B leg I A retrolateral view B prolateral view C, D leg III C trochanter, blunt pointed apophysis D tibia, saddle-like depression E tarsus IV, retrolateral view, comb.