Tenebroides, PILLER & MITTERPACHER, 1783

Kolibáč, Jiří, Bocakova, Milada, Liebherr, James K., Ramage, Thiboult & Porch, Nick, 2021, Extinct and extant Pacific Trogossitidae and the evolution of Cleroidea (Coleoptera) after the Late Triassic biotic crisis, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 191 : -

GENUS TENEBROIDES PILLER & MITTERPACHER, 1783

Type of genus: Tenebrio mauritanicus Linnaeus, 1758 (designated by Westwood, 1838).

Diagnosis: Body bare, without pubescence or scales. Head without lateral horns, with conspicuous epicranial acumination; frons with or without dorsal median furrow, flat or with longitudinal depression; ctenidium absent in both sexes; one pair of eyes present; antenna with distinctly asymmetrical trimerous club with sensorial fields along inner margins of antennomeres 9–11; ligula rigid, with ciliate setae; lacinia and galea also with ciliate setae. Pronotum cordate, narrowed posteriorly, anterior corners indistinctly to strongly projected. Elytron with seven to nine longitudinal striae with or without punctation in the middle, fine transverse wrinkles present in interspaces; elytral carinae absent or striae so deep that interspaces form carinae (or costae). Tibiae with or without spines along outer edge; basitarsus of both sexes in all pairs of legs partially fused with second tarsomere, tarsal formula mostly 5-5-5 or 4-4-4. Aedeagus mostly inverted but uninverted in T. tahiti ; tegmen composed of three separate parts (parameral, dorsal and ventral pieces). Known extant species macropterous except newly described species from tahiti; wing venation of T. mauritanicus similar to that in T. (Parallelodera) parallelus and T. (P.) quadraticollis ; extinct species probably also wingless (see particular descriptions). See Kolibáč (2005, 2006, 2013) for detailed description and illustration of adult and larval morphology.

Remarks: Tenebroides is the most species-rich genus of Trogossitidae and is widespread in South and North America, with two species in the Canary Islands and three species in North Africa, Europe and Central Asia. Excepting the cosmopolitan T. mauritanicus , autochthonous species of the genus are unknown in southern and eastern Asia and Australia. Tenebroides c o m p r i s e s m o r e t h a n 1 5 0 s p e c i e s d i s t r i b u t e d mostly in South and Central America. The genus is morphologically heterogeneous and its further study may result in division into several genera.

TENEBROIDES SUBGENUS PARALLELODERA , STAT. NOV. FAIRMAIRE, 1881

Type of subgenus: Parallelodera quadraticollis Fairmaire, 1881 (by monotypy).

Diagnosis: Body size between 8 and 10 mm, 1(1); frons with medial longitudinal depression, 2(1); eye flat and finely facetted, 3(0); prosternum along lateral margins with interspaces among punctures at least equal to diameter of punctures, 6(0); middle tibia with spines along the outer edge, 8(0) (five large spines along protibia and about three spines along metatibia); protibia with robust hooked spine at apex; tibiae with apical spine formula 2-2-2; tarsal formula 4-4-4, 9(1); elytral carinae present, 12(1); angle ‘elytral base/9 th stria’: less than 90 degrees, 13(0) and mesothoracic wings always present; pronotum subparallel-sided, unique synapomorphy 14(1); aedeagus uninverted.

Remarks: Parallelodera comprises four insular species distributed from New Caledonia to Polynesia and the Marquesas and, following the presented morphological analysis, one species from Panama and Colombia. Because of the lack of material, the genus was not included in the analyses by Kolibáč (2006, 2008). Following morphological analysis ( Fig. 3), Parallelodera is nested in Tenebroides and is, therefore, classified as a subgenus of the latter genus. In should be pointed out that all Parallelodera species are winged, while at least some of the insular species described below, including the extant one, are wingless.

TENEBROIDES (PARALLELODERA) FAIRMAIREI LÉVEILLÉ, 1889

( FIG. 5; SUPPORTING INFORMATION, FIG. S4; TABLE 3)