Proctoporus kiziriani, Goicoechea & Padial & Chaparro & Castroviejo-Fisher & Riva, 2013

Goicoechea, NoemÍ, Padial, José M., Chaparro, Juan Carlos, Castroviejo-Fisher, Santiago & Riva, Ignacio De La, 2013, A taxonomic revision of Proctoporus bolivianus Werner (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) with the description of three new species and resurrection of Proctoporus lacertus Stejneger, American Museum Novitates 2013 (3786), pp. 1-32 : 21-24

Proctoporus kiziriani , new species

Figures 3C , 7

Proctoporus bolivianus [Ca5 MNCN20610]: Goicoechea et al., 2012: 953.

HOLOTYPE: MHNC 5366 (field number MNCN 4602 ) (fig. 7), adult male, from road between Marcapata and Tambopampa, (13°35′00.4″S / 71°02′05.1″W), Province Quispicanchi , Department of Cusco, Peru, 3500 m, collected by Ignacio De la Riva, José Manuel Padial, Santiago Castroviejo-Fisher, and Juan Carlos Chaparro on 20 February 2006.

PARATYPES: MNCN 43670–72 (field numbers MNCN 4603 , 4605 , 4606 ) adult males, and MNCN 43673 (field number MNCN 4608 ) adult female, same data as holotype; MHNC 5680 (field number MNCN 4750 ), MNCN 44216 (field number MNCN 4744 ), MNCN 44218–19 (field numbers MNCN 4746 , 4747 ) adult males, and MHNC 5682–83 (field numbers MNCN 4751 , 4752 ), MHNC 5685 (field number MNCN 4754 ), MNCN 44217 (field number MNCN 4745 ), MNCN 44220–21 (field numbers MNCN 4748 , 4749 ), adult females, from Huancarayo , Marcapata Valley , Province Quispicanchis, Department of Cusco, Peru, 3368 m, collected by Ignacio De la Riva, José Manuel Padial, Santiago Castroviejo-Fisher, and Juan Carlos Chaparro on 31 January 2007 .

DIAGNOSIS: (1) Frontonasal length usually equal to frontal length; (2) nasoloreal suture present; (3) three supraoculars; (4) 3–4 superciliaries, first not expanded onto dorsal surface of head; (5) postoculars two; (6) palpebral disc made up of a single, undivided scale; (7) supralabials anterior to the posteroventral angle of the subocular four; (8) two pairs of genials in contact (9) dorsal body scales quadrangular, slightly keeled; (10) transverse rows of dorsals 35–39 in males and 38–41 in females; (11) transverse ventral rows 22–23 in males and 22–24 in females; (12) a continuous series of small lateral scales separating dorsals from ventrals; (13) posterior cloacal plate made up of six scales in both sexes; (14) anterior preanal plate scales paired; (15) femoral pores per hind limb in males 5–7, absent in females; (16) preanal pores absent; (17) subdigital lamellae on toe IV 16–20; subdigital lamellae on toe V 7–13; (18) limbs not overlapping when adpressed against body in adults; (19) pentadactyl; digits clawed; (20) dorsum brown or pale brown with dorsolateral pale stripes bordered by a discontinuous dark line on neck and body; lateral ocelli usually present in both sexes; ventral surfaces black, with pale stippling.

Specimens of Proctoporus kiziriani show the presence of an undivided palpebral disc, which identifies them as members of the genus Proctoporus , as opposed to Riama and Petracola (Doan and Castoe, 2005; Uzzell, 1970). Proctoporus kiziriani can be distinguished from P. pachyurus by having three supraoculars not fused with superciliaries (four supraoculars in P. pachyurus , first fused with first superciliary) and by having 35–41 transverse dorsal scale rows (47–60 in P. pachyurus ); from P. sucullucu by having limbs not overlapping when adpressed, first supraocular not fused with first superciliary (fused in P. sucullucu ), and loreal scale not in contact with supralabials (loreal in contact with second and third supralabials in P. sucullucu ); from P. bolivianus by having frontonasal length equal to frontal and first supraocular not fused with first superciliary; from P. unsaacae and P. guentheri by not having the first superciliary expanded onto dorsal surface of the head; from Proctoporus carabaya by having first supraocular not fused with first superciliary and by the presence of dorsolateral stripes; from P. iridescens by having four supralabials anterior to the posteroventral angle of the subocular (three in P. iridescens ) and two pairs of genials in contact (three pairs in P. iridescens ); from P. lacertus by the presence of loreal scales (absent in P. lacertus ) and dorsolateral stripes; from P. xestus by the lack of prefrontal scales and having keeled dorsal scales (smooth in P.xestus ); and from P. chasqui by the lack of prefrontal scales.

DESCRIPTION OF HOLOTYPE: Adult male, snout-vent length (SVL) 59.1 mm, regenerated tail 52.6 mm; head scales smooth, without striations or rugosities; rostral scale wider (1.7 mm) than tall (0.9 mm), meeting supralabials on either side at a point above the height of supralabials and becoming higher medially, in contact with frontonasal, nasals, and first supralabials; frontonasal longer than wide, widest posteriorly, in contact with rostral, nasals, anteriormost superciliary, and frontal; prefrontals absent; frontal longer than wide, pentagonal, not in contact with anteriormost superciliary, in contact with frontonasal, first two supraoculars, and frontoparietals; frontoparietals pentagonal, in contact with frontal, second and third supraoculars, parietals, and interparietal; supraoculars three, all in contact with superciliaries, third in contact with frontoparietals, parietal, and postocular; interparietal longer than wide, pentagonal, in contact with frontoparietals anteriorly, parietals laterally, and occipitals posteriorly; parietals polygonal, with posterior sutures in contact with occipital, lateral sutures diagonally in contact with temporal, third supraocular, and frontoparietal; occipitals five, smaller than parietals, three median smaller than laterals. Nasal entire with no separate loreal scale, longer than high, in contact with rostral, frontonasal, first and second supralabials, first superciliary, and frenocular; nostril situated in anterior third of nasal scale; four superciliaries, first not expanded onto dorsal surface of head; two preoculars, first in contact with first superciliary, frenocular, and nasoloreal scales, second in contact with frenocular and first subocular; frenocular in contact with third supralabial, second preoculars, first subocular, and nasoloreal scales; palpebral disc made up of a single transparent scale; suboculars three; postoculars two; temporals smooth, glossy, polygonal; supratympanic temporals two; supralabials anterior to the posteroventral angle of the subocular four. Mental wider (1.9 mm) than long (1.3 mm), in contact with first infralabial and postmental posteriorly; postmental single, pentagonal, in contact with mental, first and second infralabials, and first pair of genials; two pairs of genials in contact, anterior pair in contact with second and third infralabials; second genials in contact with third and fourth infralabials laterally; one pair of chin shields, separated by irregular pregulars; gular scale rows five; collar fold slightly distinct, concealing two rows of small scales; lateral neck scales round, smooth. Dorsals rectangular, longer than wide, juxtaposed, with single keel, in 35 transverse rows; longitudinal dorsal scale rows 23 at midbody; continuous lateral scale series, two to three scales wide, smaller than dorsals; reduced scales at limb-insertion regions present; transverse ventral scale rows 22; longitudinal ventral scale rows at midbody 20; anterior preanal plate scales paired; posterior preanal plate scales six, lateralmost scales small; scales on tail rectangular, juxtaposed; dorsal and dorsolateral caudal scales not keeled, ventral and ventrolateral caudal scales smooth; midventral subcaudal scales wider than adjacent scales, almost square. Limbs pentadactyl; digits clawed; dorsal brachial scales polygonal, subequal in size, subimbricate, smooth; ventral brachial scales roundish, subimbricate, smooth; antebrachial scales polygonal, subequal in size, smooth, ventral antebrachial scales smallest; dorsal manus scales polygonal, smooth, subimbricate; palmar scales small, rounded, subimbricate, domelike; dorsal scales on fingers smooth, quadrangular, covering dorsal half of digit, overhanging subdigital scales, three on finger I, five on II, seven on III, 10 on IV, seven on V; scales on anterodorsal surface of thigh large, polygonal, smooth, subimbricate; scales on posterior surface of thigh small, rounded, juxtaposed; scales on ventral surface of thigh large, rounded, flat, smooth; femoral pores seven; preanal pores absent; scales on anterior surface of crus polygonal, smooth, juxtaposed, decreasing in size distally; scales on anterodorsal surface of crus rounded, juxtaposed; scales on ventral surface of crus large, smooth, flat, subimbricate; scales on dorsal surface of toes quadrangular, smooth, overhanging supradigital lamellae, two on toe I, three on II, eight on III, 10 on IV, seven on V; subdigital lamellae single distally, double proximally, three on toe I, seven on II, nine on III, 19 on IV, 11 on V; limbs not overlapping when adpressed against the body, separated by eight to nine dorsal scale lengths.

COLORATION IN PRESERVATIVE: Dorsal surface of head dark brown (fig. 7); lateral surface of head like dorsal surface, with light mottling; ventral surface of head cream with black spots stippling on each scale. Gular region like head but with denser stippling per scale, forming longitudinal clumps. Dorsal surface of body same color as head, with dark brown spots that form four stripes extending from occiput to just posterior to forelimb insertions, with cream color between stripes; flanks with same coloration as dorsum, fading to lighter brown near venter and with a series of ocelli with dark borders and cream centers. This series of ocelli begins anterior to forelimb insertion, near tympanum, and ends near hind-limb insertion. Ventral surface of body with black ground color, scales with black stippling. Forearms and hind limbs with same background color as dorsum. Dorsal and ventral tail coloration like that of body and gray on the regenerated portion.

COLORATION IN LIFE: Dorsal, lateral, and ventral surfaces are similar to coloration in preservative, but with orange coloration along flanks, forelimbs and tail, not expanding into ventral region of the body (fig. 3C).

VARIATION: Coloration is similar among all the specimens, with some having a lighter dorsum and more distinct longitudinal stripes. Stippling on the venter is more distinct or grayer in some specimens and nearly absent in others. The presence of ocelli is also variable. Little sexual dimorphism is observed; the primary difference is that males have wider heads (relative to head length; see table 3). The number of femoral pores is also a sexually dimorphic character, with males possessing 5–7 femoral pores per leg and females lacking them. Variation of morphometric and meristic characters is shown in table 3.

DISTRIBUTION: This species is known from montane forests of Marcapata Valley, in the department of Cusco, southeastern Peru (fig. 9).

HABITAT AND ECOLOGY: Individuals were found during the day under logs and stones.

ETYMOLOGY: We dedicate this species to our colleague and friend David A. Kizirian (American Museum of Natural History), as a tribute for his outstanding contribution to the knowledge of gymnophthalmid lizard systematics.

Figures

FIG. 3. Dorsal and ventral views of living specimens of A, Proctoporus bolivianus from Millipaya (La Paz, Bolivia); B, Proctoporus iridescens from the road between Huancasarani and Limbani (Puno, Peru); and C, Proctoporus kiziriani from road between Marcapata and Tambopampa (Cusco, Peru).

FIG. 7. Holotype of Proctoporus kiziriani (MHNC 5366 snout-vent length, 59.1 mm).