Hoplocampa testudinea ( Klug, 1816 )

Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko & Vårdal, Hege, 2019, A review of West Palaearctic Hoplocampa species, focussing on Sweden (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae), Zootaxa 4615 (1), pp. 1-45 : 24

Hoplocampa testudinea ( Klug, 1816)

Tenthredo (Allantus) testudinea Klug, 1816: 60 . Holotype “ ♀ ” (recte ♂, GBIF-GISHym2459 https://doi.org/10.6084/ m9.figshare.4772152), in ZMHUB. Type locality: Gartz ( Germany).

Additional description. Body length: 6.0–8.0mm. Clypeus narrowly and deeply emarginate. Pale body colour orange-brown. Wing venation black, except for extreme bases of wings, and pale pterostigma apex. Legs entirely pale. Female: Valvula 3 black. Lancet: Fig. 87 . Male: penis valve: Fig. 106 .

Total number of specimens examined: 21.

Similar species. Most closely resembles Hoplocampa brevis , with which it shares the same hosts. See under brevis , above.

Life history. Host plants: Malus spp., particularly cultivated M. domestica (e.g. Boevé et al. 1996), but also M. sylvestris in semi-natural vegetation types (e.g. Liston, personal observations in southern Scotland). Mentions of M. pumila as a host (e.g. Burgart et al. 2016) seem to involve cultivated varieties more usually referred to as M. domestica . Pyrus communis is apparently a rarely used, secondary host ( Stritt 1943). Biology: Miles (1932), Velbinger (1939), Roberti (1948b), Boevé et al. (1997), Lennartsson (2012).

Distribution. Southern, Central and Northern Europe, including the British Isles; North to Denmark, Sweden, and Finland ( Taeger et al. 2006), with a single Norwegian record from Oslo ( Velbinger 1939); Caucasus ( Zhelochovtsev & Zinovjev 1995), Turkey, Transcaucasus, introduced to North America ( Lacourt 1999). In contrast to brevis , testudinea reaches higher levels of abundance in cooler, more northern regions ( Velbinger 1939).

Occurrence in Sweden: published records: Skåne ( Thomson 1871, Neupane 2013), Småland ( Velbinger 1939), Västmanland ( Thomsen 1929), Gästrikland (Gävle, ca. 60.7°N) ( Lindblom 1938). In recent years, testudinea has caused serious damage to organically-grown apple crops in many countries, including Sweden ( Sjöberg et al. 2015).

Material examined: Skåne, Östergötland, Uppland.

Specimens examined. Germany: 9♀ 7♂, 01.05–16.06; Baden-Wuerttemberg; Bavaria; Brandenburg (DEI-GISHym11132, 31790); Mecklenburg-Vorpommern; Saxony ( SDEI, ZSM) . * Greece: 1♀ 1♂ (DEI-GIS- Hym 83547), Platania, Volos , 350 m asl, + 39.80000°N + 23.16000°E, 21.04.2010 and 17.04.2010, leg. K. Stand- fuss ( SDEI) . Sweden: Uppland; 1♀ (NHRS-HEVA000003422), Stockholm, Experimentalfältet, Norra Djurgår- den, + 59.36820°N + 18.05510°E, 20.05.1917, leg. Tullgren ( NHRS) . Switzerland: 1♀ ( ZSM) .

Figures

FIGURES 83–88. Lancets: 83, flava (DEI-GISHym83558). 84, fulvicornis (DEI-GISHym31788). 85, minuta (DEI- GISHym83545). 86, tadshikistanica (DEI-GISHym31786). 87, testudinea (DEI-GISHym31790). 88, plagiata (DEI- GISHym83555).

FIGURES 94–107. Penis valves: 94 alpina (DEIGISHym20575). 95, crataegi (DEI-GISHym31784). 96, ariae (DEI- GISHym83574). 97, chamaemespili (BC-ZSM-HYM11307). 98–99, phantoma (DEI-GISHym83553): dorsal lobe intact, dorsal lobe destroyed during preparation. 100, flava (DEI-GISHym20595). 101, chrysorrhoea (DEI-GISHym83548). 102, fulvicornis (DEI-GISHym83782). 103, minuta (DEI-GISHym31782). 104, tadshikistanica [after Muche (1986), fig. 1]. 105, pectoralis (DEI-GISHym80337). 106, testudinea (DEI-GISHym83547). 107, plagiata (DEI-GISHym83556).