Hydrosmittia oxoniana (Edwards) Ferrington Jr & Saether, 2011
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.2849.1.1 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EE7687BA-FF80-FF8A-BDAA-B83B116C88AF |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Hydrosmittia oxoniana (Edwards) |
| status |
comb. nov. |
Hydrosmittia oxoniana (Edwards) comb. n.
( Figs. 42–44 View FIGURE 42 View FIGURE 43 View FIGURE 44 )
Camptocladius oxonianus Edwards, 1922: 204 .
Pseudosmittia oxoniana ( Edwards, 1922) View in CoL ; Saether & Ferrington, 2003: 4; Saether 2006: 41; Makarchenko & Makarchenko 2006: 355, Langton & Pinder 2007: 137, figs. 71 A, 187 B; Makarchenko & Makarchenko 2008: 221.
Spaniotoma (Smittia) recta Edwards, 1929: 362 View in CoL .
Pseudosmittia kurobeokasia Sasa et Okazawa, 1992a: 57 ; Yamamoto 2004: 89.
Pseudosmittia togarisea Sasa et Okazawa, 1992b: 160 View in CoL .
Pseudosmittia schachti Casper et Reiss, 1989:130 View in CoL , pro parte, paratype not holotype.
Pseudosmittia hachijosecunda Sasa, 1994: 47 View in CoL ; Yamamoto 2004: 87.
Pseudosmittia toyamaresea Sasa, 1996a: 39 View in CoL ; Yamamoto 2004: 89.
Pseudosmittia yakyopea Sasa et Suzuki, 2000a: 94 View in CoL ; Yamamoto 2004: 90.
Pseudosmittia yakypequea Sasa et Suzuki, 2000a: 94 ; Yamamoto 2004: 90.
Parakiefferiella hidakagehea Sasa et Suzuki, 2000b: 188 View in CoL ; Yamamoto 2004: 87.
Parakiefferiella hidakaheia Sasa et Suzuki, 2000b: 189 ; Yamamoto 2004: 87.
Prosmittia togarisea (Sasa et Okazawa) ; Yamamoto 2004: 78.
Pseudosmittia hidakagehea (Sasa et Suzuki) View in CoL ; Yamamoto 2004: 87.
not C. oxonianus Edwards, 1937:146 (= H. ruttneri View in CoL ).
Material examined: NORWAY: Bear Island, Walrus Bay, about 20 feet, on stones, lectotype female, here designated, 22.vi.1921, C. S. Elton, BM 1922–176 ( BMNH); paralectotype male, same as holotype; Finmark, Kautokeino, small stream at Nappuljåkka, 4 pupal exuviae, 3–16.vii.1987, Moldsvor & Larsen, ( ZMBN); Sør-Trøndelag, Tydal, Stuggusjøen at dam, 615 m, N 62.94395 0 E 11.81636 0, 1 male, 11.vi.2006, T. Ekrem & E. Stur ( VMT); Sør-Trøndelag, Oppdal, Kongsvoll, Blesbekken Malaise trap, 1 female, 31.vii.1982, J. O. Solem ( VMT); Oppland, Dovre, Atna River, Skranglehaugen, Malaise trap, 1 male, 30.viii.1986, K. Aagaard & O. Hansen ( VMT); Hedmark, Folldal, Atna River, Volden, Malaise trap, 1 male, 16.viii.1986, K. Aagaard &). Hansen ( VMT); Møre & Romsdal, Gjemnes, Silseth, L. Littlevatn, drift, mature males pupa, 18.vi.1989, Ø. A. Schnell ( ZMBN); Hordaland, Modalen, outlet of L. Skjervatn east, mature female pupa, 4.ix.1989, E. Willassen & Ø. A. Schnell ( ZMBN); Hordaland, Vaksdal, Ekse, Ekso River at weir, 2 males, 20.vi.& 24.viii.1986, Ø. A. Schnell ( ZMBN); Hordaland, Bergen at Museum of Zoology, 1 male 1.vii.1987, Ø. A. Schnell ( ZMBN). THE NETHERLANDS: Noord-Brabant, Tilburg, along the edge of a canal, 1 male with pupal exuviae, 5 females, 3 pupal exuviae, 1 larva, 20–21.iv.1990, H. K. M. Pilot ( UMSP, ZMBN). FRANCE: Aveyron, R. Truyère, Cambeyrac barrage, 228 m, 8 mature males pupae, 2 pupal exuviae, 6.xi.1974, 26.ii. & 25.iv.1979, H. Laville ( HL); R. Truyère, Pont de Coussavy, 200 m, 5 pupal exuviae, 19.x.1978, 21 i 1979, H. Laville ( HL); R. Truyère, Aval Enguiales, 220 m. 1 pupal exuviae, 3.x.1979, H. Laville ( HL), Languedoc-Rousillon, Lozère, Source of R. Lot, 1295 m, 1 mature male pupa, 18.vii.1977, H. Laville ( HL); Haut-Pyréneés, Nesté, 600 m, iii.1986, H. Laville ( HL). ENGLAND: Sussex, Crowborough, holotype of P. recta , 9.iv.1906, J. Jenkinson ( BMNH). SCOTLAND: Perth & Kinross, Chomraidh, mature male pupa, 2.v.1984, P. H. Langton ( PHL); Morayshire, Glenlatterach Reservoir, skim, 1 male 29.vii.1984, P. H. Langton ( PHL). WALES: Powys County, Llyn Clywedog, 1 male, 4.vi.1979, P. H. Langton; GREECE. No locality except Nr. 57, 1 pupal exuviae, 1983, M. Baehr ( ZSM). TURKEY. Rize Prov., Ovit Pass S Ikizdere, 2600 m a. s. l., 1 male, paratype of P. schachti , 10.vii.1985, N. Caspers ( ZSM); Kars Prov., Soganli at Sarikamis, 2100 m a. s. l., 1 intersex, 29.v.1987, W, Schacht ( ZSM). MAROCCO: Marrakech, Oued Tensift, Regh. St. 4, 1 pupal exuviae, 11.vi.1984, H. Laville ( HL). CHINA: Ningxia, Mt. Helan, 1 male, 26.vii.1987, X. Wang ( XW). JAPAN: Tokyo Metro., Hachijyo Island, Tohmi Water Fall, holotype male of Pseudosmittia hachijosecunda , 29.v.1994, M. Sasa (NMST No. A 265: 68); Honshu, Toyama Pref., Kureha Hill, holotype male of Pseudosmittia toyamaresea , 21.v.1994, M. Sasa (NMST No. A 275: 96); Honshu, Toyama Pref., Kurobe, Unazuki Town, Keyakadaira and Aimota Bridge holotype male and 5 males paratypes of P. kurobeokasia , 21.v.1991, M. Sasa & T. Okazawa (NMST Holotype: No. A 233: 71, paratypes; Nos 233: 72–76); Honshu, Toyama Pref., Toga-Mura, holotype male of P. togarisea , 31.v.1990, Toyama Envir. Poll. Res. Centre (NMST No. A 182: 69), paratype male as holotype (NMST No. A 189: 70); Kagoshima Pref., Osumi Islands, Yakushima Island, Miyanoura, holotype male of P. yakypeqea , syntype male of P. yakyopea , 23.& 28.iii.1999, H. Suzuki (NMST; holotype of P. yakypeqea: No. 386: 25, syntype of P. yakyopea: No. 382: 46); Hokkaido, Hidaka, Shizunai River, holotype male of P. hidakagehea , 26 ix 1998, H. Suzuki (NMST: No. 3401: 25. GREENLAND: Kvane R., kote 170 Sta. H, 1 male, 29.viii.1981, C. Lindegaard ( ZMBN). CANADA: Nunavut: Ellesmere Island, Hazen Camp. 1 male, 8.vii.1963, P. S. Corbet ( CNC). USA: South Dakota: 4 mi east Springfield, Lewis & Clark L., smartweeds, 1 larva, 4.ix.1964, P.L. Hudson ( ZMBN).
Diagnostic characters: The imagines differ from other Pseudosmittia by having the longest inner verticals 40–60 µm long. The male imago differs from other members of the gracilis group by having an AR of 0.40– 0.71, combined with a more or less pronounced outer heel on the gonostylus and accessory lobe of the inferior volsella not free at apex. The female imago differs from other known members of the group by lacking non-marginal setae on the costa between FR and the apex of R 4+5 and having long, fine microtrichia on the seminal capsules. The pupa is characterized by possessing frontal setae and frontal warts and the frontal apotome with wrinkles, spinules or tubercles. The tentatively associated larva differs from other Hydrosmittia by having anterior parapods with about 20 larger claws combined with 9 claws on posterior parapods, mandible with 4 inner teeth and mentum with 4 pairs of lateral teeth.
Male imago (n = 11–14 except when otherwise stated)
Total length 2.01–2.49, 2.25 mm. Wing length 1.26–1.69, 1.44 mm. Total length/wing length 1.41–1.77, 1.62. Wing length/length of profemur 3.14–3.48, 3.25. Coloration brownish black.
Head ( Fig. 42 B View FIGURE 42 ). AR 0.38–0.71, 0.56 (30). Terminal flagellomere 171–315, 234 (31) µm long, more or less pointed. Temporal setae 4–7, 6, consisting of 1–2, 2 inner verticals, the longest 40–60 µm long (perhaps occasionally absent), 2–5, 3 outer verticals and 0–2,1 postorbitals. Clypeus with 3–8, 6 setae. Cibarial pump and stipes as in Fig. 42 D View FIGURE 42 . Tentorium 112–144, 122 µm long, 21–30, 25 µm wide. Stipes 96–126, 113 µm (11) long, 27–41, 36 µm (7) wide. Palpomere lengths (in µm): 21–30, 27; 32–50, 40; 71–101, 86; 65–101, 84; 94–121, 107. Third palpomere ( Fig. 42 C View FIGURE 42 ) with 2 lanceolate sensilla clavata.
Thora x. Median antepronotal lobes well developed, antepronotum with 1–2, 1 lateral setae. Dorsocentrals 4–8, 7
(19), acrostichals 2, prealars 2–5, 3 (19), supraalar seta absent. Scutellum with 4–6, 4 setae.
Wing ( Fig. 42 A View FIGURE 42 ). VR 1.21–131, 1.28. Anal lobe well developed, more or less projecting. Costal extension 9–50, 22 µm long, with false vein extension to 100–165 µm (3) in some specimens. R 4+5 ending slightly distal to apex of M 3+4; Cu 1 sinuate. Brachiolum with 1 seta, costal extension with 0–1, 0 non-marginal setae, R with 0–6, 2 setae, R 4+5 with 0–4, 1 setae, other veins bare.
Legs. Spur of front tibia 25–39, 33 µm long, spurs of middle tibia 18–26, 21 µm (11) long and 16–21, 18 µm (11) long, of hind tibia 30–46, 41 µm and 11–23, 13 µm (10) long. Width at apex of front tibia and middle tibiae each 23– 34, 26 µm, of hind tibia 32–46, 26 µm. Comb of 11–15, 12 (11) setae, shortest seta 16–25, 21 µm (11) long, longest seta 32–43, 36 µm (11) long. Lengths and proportions of legs as in Table 23.
Hypopygium ( Fig. 42 F View FIGURE 42 ). Anal point 7–37, 18 µm long, without microtrichia; tergite IX with 11–22, 15 setae; laterosternite IX with 3–5, 4 setae. Phallapodeme 67–87, 77 µm long; transverse sternapodeme 40–75, 65 µm long, with well developed oral projections. Virga ( Fig. 42 E View FIGURE 42 ) consisting of weak median plate 14–23, 17 µm (10) long and 18–30, 22 (10) lateral spinules. Gonocoxite 162–199, 180 µm long; inferior volsella usually well developed, reaching to 0.56–0.63, 0.59 gonocoxite length; accessory lobe not free at apex, reaching to 0.70–0.80, 0.73 gonocoxite length. Gonostylus 69–88, 78 µm (15) long with more or less pronounced outer heel; megaseta 9–14, 10 µm long. HR 2.08– 2.38, 2.31 (15), HV 2.58–3.26, 2.96.
Female imago (n = 1–3)
Total length 2.52 mm. Wing length 1.52–1.71 mm. Total length/ wing length 1.66. Wing length/length of profemur 4.12. Coloration as in male.
Head. AR 0.53. Flagellomeres not fusiform, Length (in µm) of flagellomeres: 59, 34, 37, 39, 87. Temporal setae 5–7, including 1–2 inner verticals, the shortest about 18 µm, the longest 32–48 µm long, 3–5 outer verticals and 0–2 postorbitals. Clypeus with 4–8 setae. Tentorium 137 µm long, 14 µm wide. Stipes 144 µm long, 32 µm wide. Palpomere lengths (in µm): 25–34, 32–48, 41, 59, 66. Third palpomere with 2 lanceolate sensilla clavata.
Thorax. Median antepronotal lobes well developed, and with 1–3 lateral setae. Dorsocentrals 6, acrostichals 2, prealars 3–4, supraalar seta absent. Scutellum with 4 setae.
Wing ( Fig. 43 A View FIGURE 43 ). VR 1.29. Anal lobe well developed. Costal extension 11 µm long. R 4+5 ending distal to apex of M 3+4; Cu 1 sinuate. Brachiolum with 1–2 setae, C between FR and R 4+5 without non-marginal setae, costal extension with 3–4 non-marginal setae, R with 5–7, R 1 with 1–4, and R 4+5 with 5–7 setae. Other veins bare.
Legs. Spur of front tibia 31 µm long, spurs of middle tibia 18–21 µm and 14–17 µm long, of hind tibia 39 µm and 17 µm long. Width at apex of front tibia and middle tibiae 31–32 µm, of hind tibia 37–41 µm. Comb of 14 setae. Lengths and proportions of legs as in Table 24.
Abdomen. Tergite I with 2–6 setae; T II–VI each with 5–13, –0 setae; T VII with 7–18, T VIII with 14–18 setae. Sternite I bare, S II with 0–4 setae, S I and S III each with 4–6 setae, S IV–VII each with 6–10, 8 setae, S VIII with 24– 30 setae.
Genitalia ( Fig. 43 B–F View FIGURE 43 ). Gonocoxite IX very low, with 11 setae, including 5 strong and 6 weak setae. Tergite IX divided, with altogether 17–21 setae. Apodeme against gonocoxite 87 µm long. Apparent apodeme lobe ( Fig. 43 D View FIGURE 43 ) conspicuous, as large as ventrolateral lobe ( Fig. 43 C View FIGURE 43 ). Cercus 82–91 µm long. Seminal capsule dark, ovoid, 66–91 µm long, 50–62 µm wide, with fine microtrichia, 9–11 µm long. Notum 96–114 µm long.
Pupa (n = 10–11 except when otherwise stated)
Total length 2.49–3.82, 3.87 µm. Exuviae tinged with grayish yellow or yellowish brown.
Cephalothorax. Frontal apotome ( Fig. 44 C View FIGURE 44 ) with wrinkles and usually spinules or tubercles, frontal wart distinct. Frontal setae, ventral median antepronotal, single (?) lateral antepronotal, and postorbitals each 35–70 µm long. Longer precorneal, dorsal median and temporal setae each 65–90 µm long. Shorter precorneal and shorter dorsocentral setae each 25–30 µm long. Distance between Dc 1 and Dc 2 78–117, 100 µm (7); between Dc 2 and Dc 3 5–18, 11 µm (7); between Dc 3 and Dc 4 2–23, 10 µm (7).
Abdomen ( Fig. 44 A, B View FIGURE 44 ). Tergite I with anterolateral shagreen of coarse spinules; T II–VII with coarse, even shagreen over whole segment; T VIII with coarse nearly even shagreen covering most of tergite except medially; T IX with coarse median shagreen. Sternites I–II bare or with anterolateral spinules, S III–IV with few and weak posterior spinules, S V with few medioventral spinules, S VI–VII with more extensive shagreen, S VIII with extensive anterolateral shagreen, S IX bare. Tergal conjunctives II/III with 0–22, 12 spinules; III/IV with 17–45, 37; IV/V with 34–75, 48; V/VI with 35–59, 48; VI/VII with 27–67, 46; VII/VIII with 0–4, 0 spinules. Sternal conjunctive III/IV with 0–6, 1 spinule; IV/V with 34–110, 57; V/VI with 40–105, 72; VI/VII with 44–102, 74; VII/VIII with 25–73, 39; VIII/ IX with 0–20, 9 in male, bare in female. Anal segment with basal seta 34–60 µm (2) long, and 2 apical setae each 34– 60 µm (2) long. Genital sac of male ( Fig. 44 B View FIGURE 44 ) overreaches anal segment by 94–121, 108 µm (8).
Fourth instar larva (n = 1–2)
Total length 2.34–4.55 mm. Head capsule length 0.21–0.27 mm.
Head. Antenna as in Fig. 44 D View FIGURE 44 . Length of antennal segments (in µm): 9; 2.5–3.5; 1.4–2; 2.5. AR 1.11–1.20. Basal antennal segment 11.5 µm wide; blade 8–9 µm long; accessory blade 5–5.5 µm long. Sensilla basiconica 2–3 µm long. Apical style of second segment 3.5 µm long. Premandible 53 µm long. Mandible ( Fig. 44 E View FIGURE 44 ) 91–101 µm long; with 4 inner teeth and 2 outer, dorsal teeth; seta subdentalis 3 µm long; seta interna absent. Mentum as in Fig. 44 E View FIGURE 44 , with 4 pairs of lateral teeth, median tooth 25–28 µm wide, ventromental plate 9 µm wide on flattened mentum. Postmentum 73–79 µm long.
Abdomen. Anterior parapods completely fused, about 90 µm long, each with about 20 longer claws. Posterior parapods ( Fig. 44 G View FIGURE 44 ), about 80 µm long, each with 9 claws, the longest 23–25 µm long. Anal tubules not constricted about 38 µm m long, 28 µm wide at base.
Remarks
Pseudosmittia togarisea is said to be lacking acrostichals (Sasa & Okazawa 1992: 160) which lead Yamamoto (2004: 78) to place the species in Prosmittia . However, although no acrostichals could be observed in the holotype, the area where the acrostichals should be placed is obscured by a fold. Furthermore, although the inner vertical is lost the remaining base shows that the inner vertical has been strong, i.e. a distinguishing feature of H. oxoniana .
Saether & Ferrington (2003: 4) placed P. kurobeokasia as a synonym of H. ruttneri among others based on the absence of inner verticals. However, at least some of the type material have a long inner vertical showing that the species belong in H. oxoniana . Some other specimens appear to be lacking an inner vertical, but the preparations are not clear enough to state this with certainty.
The larva from South Dakota is smaller than the one associated from the Netherlands. However, it is a newly molted fourth instar larva.
Ecology and distribution
The species is truly aquatic, probably living in algal growths on stones as most other species of the group. It is known from Austria, Great Britain, Greece, Finland, France, Ireland, The Netherlands, Norway (including Bear Island), Sweden, Romania, Russia (including the Far East), Turkey, North Africa, China, Japan (including Pacific parts), Greenland, Nunavut Canada, and South Dakota ( USA) ( Saether & Spies 2004, Paasivirta 2007).
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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Genus |
Hydrosmittia oxoniana (Edwards)
| Ferrington Jr, Leonard C. & Saether, Ole A. 2011 |
Pseudosmittia hachijosecunda
| Yamamoto, M. 2004: 87 |
Prosmittia togarisea (Sasa et Okazawa)
| Yamamoto, M. 2004: 78 |
Pseudosmittia hidakagehea (Sasa et Suzuki)
| Yamamoto, M. 2004: 87 |
Pseudosmittia oxoniana ( Edwards, 1922 )
| Makarchenko, E. A. & Makarchenko, M. A. 2008: 221 |
| Langton, P. H. & Pinder, L. C. V. 2007: 137 |
| Saether, O. A. 2006: 41 |
| Makarchenko, E. A. & Makarchenko, M. A. 2006: 355 |
| Saether, O. A. & Ferrington, L. C. Jr 2003: 4 |
Pseudosmittia yakyopea Sasa et Suzuki, 2000a: 94
| Yamamoto, M. 2004: 90 |
| Sasa, M. & Suzuki, H. 2000: 94 |
Pseudosmittia yakypequea Sasa et Suzuki, 2000a: 94
| Yamamoto, M. 2004: 90 |
| Sasa, M. & Suzuki, H. 2000: 94 |
Parakiefferiella hidakagehea Sasa et Suzuki, 2000b: 188
| Yamamoto, M. 2004: 87 |
| Sasa, M. & Suzuki, H. 2000: 188 |
Parakiefferiella hidakaheia Sasa et Suzuki, 2000b: 189
| Yamamoto, M. 2004: 87 |
| Sasa, M. & Suzuki, H. 2000: 189 |
Pseudosmittia toyamaresea
| Yamamoto, M. 2004: 89 |
| Sasa, M. 1996: 39 |
Pseudosmittia kurobeokasia Sasa et Okazawa, 1992a: 57
| Yamamoto, M. 2004: 89 |
| Sasa, M. & Okazawa, T. 1992: 57 |
Pseudosmittia togarisea Sasa et Okazawa, 1992b: 160
| Sasa, M. & Okazawa, T. 1992: 160 |
C. oxonianus
| Edwards, F. W. 1937: 146 |
Spaniotoma (Smittia) recta
| Edwards, F. W. 1929: 362 |
Camptocladius oxonianus
| Edwards, F. W. 1922: 204 |