Disporum kawakamii Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(1): 365. 1911

Chien-Ti, Chao & Yen-Hsueh, Tseng, 2019, Taxonomic revision of Disporum Salisb. (Colchicaceae, Uvularioideae) of Taiwan, PhytoKeys 119, pp. 1-22 : 1

1. Disporum kawakamii Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(1): 365. 1911 Figs 5 , 6 臺灣寶鐸花

Disporum kawakamii Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(1): 365. 1911. Hayata, Gen. Ind. 85. 1917; Sasaki, List Pl. Form., 106. 1928; Masamune and Simada, Short Fl. Form. 269. 1936; Masamune, List Vasc. Pl. Taiwan. 132. 1954; Chao et al., Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. New Series 4(2):81; Ying, The Liliaceae of Taiwan. 25. 1969; Wang, Cytotaxonomy of Liliaceae in Taiwan (II) Polygonateae and Tricyrteae. 41. 1997; Liu & Ying, Fl. Taiwan. 5:52. 1978; Ying, Liliaceae of Taiwan. 27. 1990; Chen et al., Fl. China 22:157, 2000; Ying, Fl. Taiwan 2nd ed. 5:44. 2000; Boufford et al., Fl. Taiwan 2nd ed. 6:111. Lectotype: Kagi, Suitoryo, 20 Mar. 1908, T. Kawakami 3493. (lectotypification: Hara, 1988) (TI!) Syntype: in monte Morrison, 13 Oct. 1906, T. Kawakami & U. Mori 1726. (TI)

Disporum cantoniense (Lour.) Merr. var. kawakamii (Hayata) Hara, Univ. Mus. Univ. Tokyo Bull. 31:187. 1988.

Disporum pullum auct. non. Salisb. ex Hook. f.: Matumura & Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. 1Imp. Univ. Tokyo 22: 443. 1906.

Disporum taiwanense S. S. Ying, J. Jap. Bot. 64(5):151. 1989. Ying, Liliaceae of Taiwan. 29. 1990; Ying, Fl. Taiwan 2nd ed. 5:46. 2000; Boufford et al., Fl. Taiwan 2nd ed. 6:111. Type: Hualien county, Taroku to Talishih, 4 Apr. 1988, Ying s. n. (Holotype: NTUF!)

Perennial herbs.

Stem erect, up to 1.3 m, branched at the upper part, lower nodes covered with persistent scale leaves. Leaves evergreen, simple, alternate, elliptic to oblong, 6-8 cm long, 3-6 cm wide, 3-5 nerved, apex acuminate, base attenuate, petiole short, 3-5 mm long, green, sometimes reddish, glabrous, estipulate. Inflorescence pseudoterminal, solitary to 3-5 flowers fascicled, peduncle short, 3-5 mm long, bract absent. Tepals 6, arranged into 2-whorls, spathulate, 1.5-2 cm long, 5-8 mm wide, light yellow to yellow, often with reddish spots near apex, papillate at the base of the inner surface and margin, 3-nerved, base with a short spur, 1-2 mm long, nectary inside. Stamens 6, inserted at the base of tepals, filaments ca. 1 cm long, expansion at the lower part, slightly papillose at proximal part, anthers 2-loculed, basifixed, ca. 3 mm long, longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary superior, ovate to orbicular, ca. 3 mm long, 3-loculed, style slender, 7-9 mm long, stigma 3-fid, pubescent. Fruits berry, globose or compress globose, 6-7 mm long, 4-6 mm in diam., purplish-black. Seeds numerous. 2n = 16.

Endemic to Taiwan.

Distributed in low to medium altitude mountains up to 2,000 m.

Additional specimens examined.

Chiayi county: Alishan-Fengshan, 8 Sep 1993, C. M. Wang W00265 (TNM); Yuntan Rest Station-Shuisheliao, 10 Sep 2004, C. M. Wang & Y. M. Hsu 7730 (TNM); Tatienyupupu, 28 Oct 1997, M. Y. Shen 1980 (TAIE); en route from Chiehtung “Villa” to Tienyunshan, 850 m alt., 1 Nov 1985, C. I Peng 8873 (HAST); Juili, 860 m alt., 26 Jan 1997, T. Y. A. Yang et al. 7838 (PPI); Hsinchu county: Kenliaoping, 26 Apr 1994, C. M. Wang W00733 (TNM); on the way from Shihlu to Chingchuan, 27 Jul 1994, K. Y. Wang & T. Y. Liu 75 (TNM); Niaotsui, 21 Oct 2001, C. M. Wang & C. Y. Li 5300 (TNM); Shakaro ancient trail, 1500-1700 m alt., 10 May 2016, P. H. Chen 1096 (PPI); Luoshan forest track, 1000 m alt. 20 Dec 2002, Y. Y. Huang 1309 (HAST); Hualien county: Sanchan, 7 Sep 1996, C. K. Liou et al. 539 (TNM); Yenhai-lindao, 3 Apr 1991, T. Y. Yang et al. 5506 (TNM); Mt. Paliwanshan, 28 Jul 2007, C. H. Chen et al. 8339 (TNM); Shakadang forest road 2 km, 30 Mar 2008, T. Y. A. Yang et al. 20106 (TNM); Huitouwan, 9 Dec 1983, T. C. Huang & S. F. Huang 10200 (TAI); Lanshan, 1900 m alt. 16 Aug 1967, S. C. Hsu 3539 (TAI); Yushan National Park Nanan Recreation Center to Walami, 365 m alt., 16 Apr 1995, H. Y. Shen 683 (HAST); Mukuashan, 700-1000 m alt., 16 Apr 2003, P. J. Lin et al. 159 (HAST), Taorko to Tali, 15 Jun 2007, P. F. Lu 13967 (HAST); Ilan county: Mingchih-Chilan, 15 Apr 2002, C. M. Wang 5468 (TNM); Taipingshan, 5 Apr 2005, C. H. Wu et al. 343 (TNM); Chunchien, 1500-1600 m alt., 30 Jul 1996, Y. C. Chen et al. 17 (HAST); Ssuchi forest road, 1360 m alt., 18 Jul 1999, C. I Huang 399 (HAST). Nanao, 28 Apr 2001, W. F. Ho 1215 (TNM); Mt. Tuli, 450 m alt., 31 Mar 1985, S. Y. Lu 15610 (PPI); Kaohsiung city: Tenchih, 28 Jun 2000, C. M. Wang 4321 (TNM); same loc., 21 May 2016, S. Z. Yang 77621 (PPI); Nanfengshan, 18 Dec 1961, J. M. Liao 788 (TAI); Meilan forest road 8.6 km, 1300 m alt., 10 May 1994, T. Y. Liu et al. 419 (HAST); Southern cross highway, 26 Dec 2000, S. Z. Yang 29567 (PPI); Miaoli county: Shihmen, 20 Mar 1997, M. Y. Shen 1557 (TAIE); Nanchuang shenmiku, 24 Mar 2001, J. H. Lii 428 (TAIF); Taian hot-spring, 300-400 m alt., 30 Jun 1992, J. C. Wang et al. 7707 (HAST, PPI); Tahu, 200-400 m alt., 27 Jan 2007, H. Y. hsieh 138 (PPI); Nantou county: Bihhwu, 2 Sep 1993, C. M. Wang W00160 (TNM); Kunglingshan, 1 May 1991, H. Y. Chen et al. 1118 (TNM); Chitou, 15 May 1988, S. L. Shern & H. M. Su 42 (TNM); same loc., 5 Feb 2010, C. T. Chao 1323, 1324 (TCF); Wushe to Aowanda, 20 Mar 2009, C. T. Chao 496, 497, 498 (TCF); Chioufengershan, 14 Apr 2010, C. T. Chao 607, 608, 609, 610 (TCF); Aowanda, 7 Nov 2009, C. T. Chao 1129 (TCF); Fenghuangshan, 1225 m alt., 4 Sep 1997, T. W. Hsu 8806 (TAIE); Ching Shui Kou Treet, 14 Dec 1960, T. C. Huang 1937 (TAI); Shalishien river, 1120 m alt., 15 May 1985, C. I Peng 7775 (HAST); en route from Tungpu Hot Soring to Kuankao, 1300-2600 m alt., 3 Jul 1985, C. I Peng 8070 (HAST); Patungkuan Ancient Trail, 1150 m alt., 13 Aug 2004, C. C. Wu et al. 725 (HAST); Old Chinai Village, 8 Jul 2007, P. F. Lu 14172 (HAST); Fengshan, 1200 m alt., 29 Jun 1996, T. W. Hsu 7650 (TAIE); Chuoshuihsi River valley by the Yunlong Bridge, 1100 m alt., 15 Jan 1003, M. H. Chen et al. 70 (HAST); en route from Hsini to Hoshe, ca. 950-1200 m alt., 6 Aug 1991, W. P. Leu 1073 (PPI); New Taipei City: Yunsen Falls, 26 Aug 1996, K. C. Yang & W. F. Ho 4982 (TNM); Homei, S. F. Huang 4292 (TAI); Fushan, 300-600 m alt., 3 Apr 2002, Z. W. Lee 77 (HAST); Huangdidian, 450-500 m alt., 2 Feb 2003, S. C. Liu et al. 976 (HAST); Pingtung county: Wutoushan Nature Protected Area, 21 Apr 1995, K. Y. Wang et al. 950 (TNM); Chinshuiying, 1200 m alt., 22 Jun 1999, K. F. Chung 1262 (HAST); Tahanshan, 1100-1200 m alt., 2 May 2006, J. C. Wu 55 (PPI); Shishan forest road, 1600-1650 m alt., 22 Jul 2002, G. P. Hsieh 588 (PPI); Chiupaoshan, 1000-1500 m alt., 28 May 2004, S. H. Hueng 42515 (PPI); Itingshan, 1200-1500 m alt., 23 May 2003, G. P. Hsieh 1069 (PPI); Ali, 14 Jul 1989, S. Z. Yang 24872 (PPI); Hsuehyehkenshan, 800-1200 m alt., 17 May 2014, P. H. Chen 369 (PPI); Wutai, 9 May 1986, C. E. Chang & L. C. Chang 106 (PPI); Dangmanushan, 25 Mar 1990, S. Z. Yang & C. G. Lin 23036 (PPI); Jihmushan, 27 Apr 1991, S. Z. Yang 24604 (PPI); Taichung City: Wushihkeng, 10 Oct 1998, C. M. Wang 3689 (TNM); Yuantsuishan-Shaolaishan, 8 Sep 1998, S. T. Chiu 4913 (TNM); Tzuyukuohsiao (an elementary school), 750 m alt., 6 Jun 1995, Y. H. Tseng 535 (TAIE); under Mt. Izawa, 17 Jul 1935, H. Simada SH 606 (TAI); tausaiibunaraha, H. Simada SH 1307 (TAI); Tainan city: Tatungshan, 2 Apr 1993, T. C. Huang & S. F. Huang 15989 (TAI); Kantoushan Hsienkung temple, 500-700 m alt., 12 Jan 1996, C. C. Liao et al. 1737 (HAST); Zengwen reservoir, 800-1100 m alt., 24 Jul 2008, C. C. Hsiao 17 (PPI); Taoyuan city: en route between Kaopo and Tawan, 9 May 1993, W. P. Liu 1744 (TNM); Hsiehwunao, 700-800 m alt., 10 Sep 2002, Z. W. Lee 378 (HAST); Taitung county: Kuzulun-shan, 29 Aug 1957, Kao et T. I. Chuang 1103 (TAI); Litao-Tienlung Bridge, 4 Apr 1987, S. F. Huang et al. 3642 (TAI); Lichia forest road, 1225 m alt., 16 Oct 1997, Y. C. Kao et al. 137 (HAST); Shawushan, 700-800 m alt., 2 Aug 2005, C. F. Chen 1708 (PPI); Chianaimeishan, 500-700 m alt., 20 Aug 2005, Y. J. Lin 35 (PPI); Preserve area of Juglans cathayensis , 9 Feb 1993, S. Z. Yang 30044 (PPI).

Figures

Figure 5. Disporum kawakamii. A habit B underground part C leaf adaxial surface C ' leaf abaxial surface D inflorescence E flower F flower section (with tepals and stamen removed) G tepal outer surface G ' tepal inner surface H stamen I pistil J fruit K seeds.

Figure 6. Disporum kawakamii. A habitat B habit C leaf adaxial surface D leaf abaxial surface E inflorescence F flower G flower section (with tepals and stamen removed) H tepal outer surface I tepal inner surface J stamen K pistil L fruits.