Oxalis spiralis Ruiz & Pav. ex G.Don

MONRO, A. K., SANTAMARÍA-AGUILAR, D., GONZÁLEZ, F., CHACÓN, O., SOLANO, D., RODRÍGUEZ, A., ZAMORA, N., FEDELE, E. & CORREA, M., 2017, A first checklist to the vascular plants of La Amistad International Park (PILA), Costa Rica-Panama, Phytotaxa 322 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

Oxalis spiralis Ruiz & Pav. ex G.Don Passiflora auriculata Kunth

Terrestrial herbs. Distribution in PILA 1100–3500 m, Terrestrial twiners. Distribution in PILA 0–1200 m, low mixed forest in transition to low elevation forest, mixed elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition to low forest in transition to cloud forest, cloud forest, low elevation forest. Global distribution: Nicaragua to Bolivia.

elevation oak forest, páramo. Global distribution: Mexico Records: A. Rodríguez, Feb. 23, 2008 (Field obs.) .

to El Salvador, Costa Rica to Bolivia, Argentina. Records:

A. Fernández 714 (CR, INB), A. Fernández 763 (CR, INB, Passiflora biflora Lam.

MO), A. Fernández 905 (CR, INB), A.K. Monro 5212 Calzoncillo, Nórbito, Nórbo, Sandia cimarrona (CR).

(BM, INB, MO), A.K. Monro 5308 (BM), A.K. Monro Terrestrial twiners. Distribution in PILA 0–3300 m,

5320 (BM, INB, MO), A. Rodríguez 10754 (BM, INB, low elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition to

MO, PMA), A. Rodríguez 10917 (BM, INB, MO, PMA), low elevation forest, mixed forest in transition to cloud

A. Soto 323 (INB), B.B. Klitgaard 788 (BM, INB, MO), forest, cloud forest, low elevation oak forest, páramo.

B.B. Klitgaard 803 (BM, INB, MO), B.B. Klitgaard 805 Global distribution: Mexico to Ecuador, Venezuela,

(BM, INB, MO), D. Santamaría 5834 (BM, INB, MO, Lesser Antilles. Records: F. Quesada 1893 (INB), L.D.

PMA), D. Solano 3975 (BM, INB, MO, PMA), E. Alfaro Gómez 23254 (MO). Uses: medicinal.

1325 (INB), E. Alfaro 3222 (INB), E. Alfaro 4638 (INB),

G. Davidse 25088 (CR, MO), G. Davidse 25462 (CR, Passiflora brevifila Killip

MO), G. Davidse 25731 (CR, MO), G. Davidse 26038 Canjura, Canfura (CR).

(MO), G. Davidse 29157 (CR, MO), G. Herrera 3742 Terrestrial lianas. Distribution in PILA 1100–2200

(INB, MO), F. Quesada 1928 (INB), M. Grayum 10292 m, mixed forest in transition to low elevation forest,

(INB, MO), S. Knapp 9863 (BM, INB), S. Knapp 9990 mixed forest in transition to cloud forest, cloud forest,

(BM, MO). Uses: food. low elevation oak forest. Global distribution: Costa Rica, Panama. Records: C. von Hagen 2141 (MO).

PAPAVERACEAE Passiflora capsularis L.

Terrestrial twiners. Distribution in PILA 200–1500 m, low

ψ Bocconia frutescens L. elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition to low

Cacho de venado, Guacamaya, Tabaquillo, Pavo, elevation forest, mixed forest in transition to cloud forest.

Guacamayo, Papayillo, Papayo, Papagayo (CR). Global distribution: Nicaragua to Bolivia. Records: A.

Terrestrial shrubs or trees.Distribution in PILA0–3300 Rodríguez 11585 (BM, INB, MO, PMA).

m, low elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition to low elevation forest, mixed forest in transition to cloud Passiflora hahnii (E.Fourn.) Mast.

forest, cloud forest, low elevation oak forest, páramo, Terrestrial lianas. Distribution in PILA 500–2200 m, low

dense thicket. Global distribution: Mexico to Argentina, elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition to low

Lesser Antilles. Records: A.K. Monro 5797 (BM, INB, elevation forest, mixed forest in transition to cloud forest,

MO, PMA), B. Hammel 1405 (MO), C. von Hagen 2012 cloud forest, low elevation oak forest. Global distribution:

(MO), D. Santamaría 5843 (BM, INB, MO, PMA), D. Mexico, Honduras, Costa Rica to Panama. Records: L.

Santamaría 6137 (BM, INB, MO, PMA), D. Santamaría Acosta 2302 (INB).

6531 (BM, INB, MO, PMA), D. Solano 4035 (BM, INB,

MO, PMA), D. Solano 5214 (BM, INB, MO, PMA), J. Passiflora lancearia Mast.

A. Duke 13679 (MO), J. Dwyer 512 (MO), K. E. Blum Terrestrial twiners. Distribution in PILA 0–2400 m, low

2603 (MO), M. Moraga 414 (INB), R. J. Schmalzel s. n. elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition to low

(MO), T. Croat 26971 (MO). Uses: medicinal. Regional elevation forest, mixed forest in transition to cloud forest,

conservation status: Least Concern (LC). cloud forest, low elevation oak forest. Global distribution:

Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama. Records: A.K.

PASSIFLORACEAE Monro 4524 (BM, INB, MO), G. Herrera 2708 (MO), G. Herrera 6085 (CR, INB, MO), McPherson 15904 (MO).

Passiflora apetala Killip

Calzoncillo (CR). ℮ Passiflora ligularis Juss.

Terrestrial twiners. Distribution in PILA 300–3300 m, Granadilla, Granadilla dulce, Granadilla Colombiana

low elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition to (CR).

low elevation forest, mixed forest in transition to cloud Terrestrial lianas. Distribution in PILA 1000–2300 m,

forest, cloud forest, low elevation oak forest, páramo. mixed forest in transition to low elevation forest, mixed

Global distribution: Costa Rica, Panama. Records: C. forest in transition to cloud forest, cloud forest, low

Hamilton 3605 (MO), D. Santamaría 3738 (INB). elevation oak forest. Global distribution: Costa Rica to Peru, Venezuela (widely cultivated). Records: B. Gamboa

644 (INB), Blum 2602 (MO), J. Dwyer 7730 (MO), J. forest, cloud forest, dense thicket. Global distribution: Dwyer 529 (MO). Uses: food, medicinal. Nicaragua to Bolivia. Records: A. Rodríguez 11882 (BM, INB, MO, PMA).

Passiflora lobata (Killip) Hutch. ex J.M.MacDougal Terrestrial twiners. Distribution in PILA 0–2100 m, low PENTAPHYLACACEAE elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition to low elevation forest, mixed forest in transition to cloud forest, ψ Cleyera theaeoides (Sw.) Choisy cloud forest, low elevation oak forest. Global distribution: Terrestrial shrubs or trees. Distribution in PILA 1200– Nicaragua to Colombia. Records: E. Fletes 186 (CR, 3200 m, mixed forest in transition to low elevation forest, INB), G. Herrera 6083 (CR, INB, MO). mixed forest in transition to cloud forest, cloud forest, low elevation oak forest, páramo. Global distribution:

Passiflora membranacea Benth. Mexico to Panama, Greater Antilles. Records: A. Chacón Granadilla bellísima (CR). 486 (INB, MO), A. Rodríguez 10308 (INB), A. Rodríguez Terrestrial twiners. Distribution in PILA 0–3000 m, 11840 (BM, INB, MO, PMA), A. Soto 331 (INB), C. low elevation mixed forest,mixed forest in transition to low Hamilton 3872 (MO), D. Santamaría 3771 (INB), G. elevation forest, mixed forest in transition to cloud forest, Davidse 25499 (MO), G. Davidse 26157 (CR, MO), G. cloud forest, low elevation oak forest, high elevation oak Davidse 29387 (CR, MO), L. González 3631 (INB), N. forest. Global distribution: Mexico to Panama. Records: Zamora 2706 (INB), N. Zamora 4086 (BM, INB, MO, B. Hammel 1457 (MO), D. Solano 3841 (BM, INB, MO, PMA), N. Zamora 4111 (BM, INB, MO, PMA). Regional PMA), E. Alfaro 4677 (INB), G. Davidse 25814 (CR, conservation status: Near Threatened (NT). MO), G. Herrera 5922 (CR, INB, MO), L. Angulo 181 (INB), L.D. Gómez 22670 (MO), M. Moraga 304 (INB), ψ Freziera candicans Tul. G. McPherson 15891 (MO). Coral (CR). Terrestrial shrubs or trees. Distribution in PILA 1000–

Passiflora sexflora Juss. 3000 m, mixed forest in transition to low elevation forest, Terrestrial twiners. Distribution in PILA 1000–3000 m, mixed forest in transition to cloud forest, cloud forest, mixed forest in transition to low elevation forest, mixed low elevation oak forest, high elevation oak forest. Global forest in transition to cloud forest, cloud forest, low distribution: Mexico, Nicaragua. Records: B. Gamboa elevation oak forest, high elevation oak forest. Global 590 (CR, INB, MO), D. Solano 5243 (BM, INB, PMA). distribution: USA to Ecuador, Lesser Antilles. Records: Regional conservation status: Near Threatened (NT). D. Solano 3850 (BM, INB, MO, PMA), J. Dwyer 461 (MO), J. Bittner 1898 (INB, MO), R. J. Schmalzel 1365 • Freziera tarariae Q.Jiménez, D.Santam. & A.K.Monro (MO) . Terrestrial trees. Distribution in PILA 2200–2900 m, low elevation oak forest, high elevation oak forest. Global

Passiflora talamancensis Killip distribution: Endemic to Costa Rica. Records: G. Davidse Terrestrial twiners. Distribution in PILA 0–1600 m, low et al. 29054 (CR, GH), D. Santamaría et al. 9162 (BM, elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition to low GH, INB, K, MO, NY), D. Santamaría et al. 9167 (BM, elevation forest, mixed forest in transition to cloud forest, GH, INB, K, MO, NY), D. Santamaría et al. 9191 (BM, cloud forest. Global distribution: Mexico to Colombia. GH, INB, K, MO, NY, US). Records: A.K. Monro 5079 (BM, INB, MO). ψ Symplococarpon purpusii (Brandegee) Kobuski

Passiflora tica Gómez-Laur. & L.D.Gómez Terrestrial trees. Distribution in PILA 700–3200 m, low Terrestrial trees. Distribution in PILA 900–1600 m, elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition to low mixed forest in transition to low elevation forest. Global elevation forest, mixed forest in transition to cloud forest, distribution: Costa Rica, Panama. Records: A. Fernández cloud forest, low elevation oak forest, páramo. Global 1031 (CR, INB), A. Rodríguez 11495 (BM, INB, MO, distribution: Mexico to Colombia, Venezuela. Records: D. PMA), G. Herrera 2800 (MO), G. Herrera 5305 (CR, Solano 5228 (BM, INB, PMA), L. Acosta 2324 (INB), L. MO), G. Herrera 5409 (CR, INB, MO), R. Aguilar 1087 Angulo 143 (INB), L. Angulo 331 (INB), N. Zamora 4232 (INB, MO). (BM, INB, MO, PMA), T. Croat 26940 (MO). Regional conservation status: Vulnerable (VU), A2c.

Passiflora vitifolia Kunth Flor de Pasión, Pastora de monte, Pasionaria, Granadilla • ε-PILA Ternstroemia amistadensis Q.Jiménez & de monte (CR). D.Santam. Terrestrial lianas. Distribution in PILA 0–1700 m, Terrestrial shrubs or trees. Distribution in PILA1100–2000 low elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition to m, mixed forest in transition to low elevation forest, mixed low elevation forest, mixed forest in transition to cloud forest in transition to cloud forest. Global distribution: Records: S. Bridgewater 4154 (BM, INB, MO, PMA).

Costa Rica, Panama. Records: T.Antonio 2586 (MO), G.

Herrera 5414 (CR, MO), G. Herrera 3266 (CR, MO), D. Phyllanthus anisolobus Müll.Arg.

Santamaría 6700 (INB), D. Solano & et al. 4799 (INB, Terrestrial shrubs or trees. Distribution in PILA 100–1700

PMA, MO), Solano 5721 (INB, PMA, MO). m, low elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition to low elevation forest, mixed forest in transition to

Ternstroemia tepezapote Schltdl. & Cham. cloud forest. Global distribution: Nicaragua to Ecuador.

Terrestrial trees. Distribution in PILA 0–2700 m, low Records: D. Solano 4395 (INB, MO), D. D. Solano 4455

elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition to low (INB, MO).

elevation forest, mixed forest in transition to cloud forest,

cloud forest, low elevation oak forest, high elevation oak Phyllanthus niruri L.

forest. Global distribution: Mexico to Panama. Records: Terrestrial herbs or shrubs. Distribution in PILA 0–2500

G. Herrera 2694 (INB, MO). m, low elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition to low elevation forest, mixed forest in transition to cloud

PHRYMACEAE forest, cloud forest, low elevation oak forest. Global distribution: USA to Argentina. Records: A. Rodríguez

Hemichaena fruticosa Benth. 10919 (BM, INB, MO, PMA), D. Santamaría 5781

Terrestrial herbs or shrubs. Distribution in PILA 1600– (BM, INB, MO, PMA), G. Davidse 29169 (CR, MO), G.

3400 m, mixed forest in transition to cloud forest, Herrera 5996 (CR, INB, MO), M. Grayum 10378 (CR,

cloud forest, low elevation oak forest, páramo. Global INB, MO).

distribution: Mexico to Costa Rica. Records: D. Solano

5121 (BM, INB, MO, PMA), D. Solano 5227 (BM, INB, Phyllanthus sp A .

MO, PMA), E. Alfaro 3369 (INB). Terrestrial shrubs. Distribution in PILA 1400–1600 m, mixed forest in transition to cloud forest. Global

Leucocarpus perfoliatus (Kunth) Benth. distribution: Endemic to Panama. Records: E. Alfaro 5530

Terrestrial herbs or shrubs. Distribution in PILA 500–2700 (INB, MO, PMA), J. Lezcano 278 (PMA).

m, low elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition This species was identified as an undescribed species to low elevation forest, mixed forest in transition to by the authors.

cloud forest, cloud forest, low elevation oak forest,

high elevation oak forest. Global distribution: Mexico Phyllanthus stipulatus (Raf.) G.L.Webster to Bolivia. Records: A. Fernández 921 (CR, INB, MO), Terrestrial herbs or shrubs. Distribution in PILA 400–900

D. Santamaría 5779 (BM, INB, MO, PMA), G. Herrera m, low elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition

6002 (CR, INB, MO), M. Valerio 163 (MO). to low elevation forest. Global distribution: Mexico to Brazil. Records: D. Solano 4116 (BM, INB, MO, PMA).

PHYLLANTHACEAE Phyllanthus valerioi Standl.

Terrestrial shrubs. Distribution in PILA 700–1800 m, low

ψ Hieronyma oblonga (Tul.) Müll.Arg. elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition to low

Algodoncillo, Campano chile, Cucaracho, Llorón, Llorón elevation forest, mixed forest in transition to cloud forest.

colorado, Pilón, Comenegro, Nacintón, Ascá, Zapatero, Global distribution: Endemic to Costa Rica. Records: G.

Kúlök (CR), Trompito (P). Herrera 6061 (CR, INB, MO).

Terrestrial trees. Distribution in PILA 0–2600 m, low elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition to low Richeria obovata (Müll.Arg.) Pax & K.Hoffm.

elevation forest, mixed forest in transition to cloud forest, Terrestrial herbs. Distribution in PILA 0–400 m, low

cloud forest, low elevation oak forest, high elevation oak elevation mixed forest. Global distribution: Costa Rica to

forest. Global distribution: Mexico to Bolivia. Records: Ecuador, Brazil, Bolivia. Records: A. Rodríguez, Sept 28,

D. Santamaría 7506 (PMA), S. Bridgewater 4203 (BM, 2007 (Field obs.).

INB, MO, PMA). Uses: timber. Regional conservation status: Near Threatened (NT). PHYLLONOMACEAE

Margaritaria nobilis L.f.

Espuela de gallo (CR), Clavito (P). Phyllonoma laticuspis (Turcz.) Engl.

Terrestrial shrubs or trees. Distribution in PILA Terrestrial or facultative epiphytic shrubs. Distribution in

0–1200 m, low elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in PILA 1500–1800 m, mixed forest in transition to cloud transition to low elevation forest. Global distribution: forest. Global distribution: Mexico to Honduras, Costa

Mexico to Brazil, Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles. Rica, Panama. Records: A.K. Monro 5477 (BM, INB, PMA). (INB), D. Santamaría 5835 (BM, INB, MO, PMA), D. Santamaría 6452 (BM, INB, MO, PMA), D. Santamaría

ψ Phyllonoma ruscifolia Willd. ex Schult. 6543 (BM, INB, MO, PMA), D. Santamaría 7414 (PMA), Terrestrial shrubs or trees. Distribution in PILA 700–2000 D. Santamaría 7709 (PMA), D. Solano 4712 (BM, INB, m, low elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition MO, PMA), D. Solano 4872 (BM, INB, MO, PMA), J. to low elevation forest, mixed forest in transition to Lezcano 327 (PMA). cloud forest, pasture. Global distribution: Guatemala, Hon., Costa Rica to Colombia, Peru, Bolivia. Records: Phytolacca rugosa A.Braun & C.D.Bouché A.K. Monro 6182 (PMA), A.K. Monro 6347 (PMA), A. Terrestrial herbs or shrubs. Distribution in PILA 800– Rodríguez 11531 (BM, INB, PMA), G. Gallardo 287 3500 m, mixed forest in transition to low elevation forest, (CR, INB, MO), G. Herrera 3271 (INB, MO), G. Herrera mixed forest in transition to cloud forest, cloud forest, low 5371 (CR, INB, MO). Regional conservation status: Near elevation oak forest, páramo, pasture. Global distribution: Threatened (NT). Mexico to Venezuela. Records: A. Soto 294 (INB), C. Hamilton 709 (MO), D. Santamaría 7531 (PMA), G.

Phyllonoma tenuidens Pittier Davidse 25077 (CR, MO), G. Davidse 26147 ( MO) , G. Epiphytic shrubs. Distribution in PILA 1100–2300 m, Herrera 3652 ( INB, MO) , J. A. Duke 13699B ( MO) , mixed forest in transition to low elevation forest, mixed L.D. Gómez 22585 ( MO) , L. González 1184 ( INB) , M.A. forest in transition to cloud forest, cloud forest, low Thomas 1600 ( MO) , S. Knapp 9996 ( BM, INB, MO) . elevation oak forest. Global distribution: Honduras to Panama. Records: A.K. Monro 5680 ( BM, INB, PMA) , A. Trichostigma octandrum (L.) H. Walter Rodríguez 10837 ( BM, INB, PMA) , A. Rodríguez 11325 Terrestrial shrubs. Distribution in PILA 0–1200 m, low ( BM, INB, PMA) , D. Santamaría 6671 ( BM, INB, PMA) , elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition to M. Grayum 10352 ( INB, MO) . low elevation forest. Global distribution: Nicaragua to Venezuela. Records: A. Rodríguez, Jul. 25, 2007 ( Field

PHYTOLACCACEAE obs.).

Trichostigma polyandrum (Loes.) H.Walter

Phytolacca icosandra L. Terrestrial shrubs. Distribution in PILA 0–1300

m,

low

Calalú, Jaboncillo (CR). elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition to low

Terrestrial herbs or shrubs. Distribution in PILA 800– elevation forest, mixed forest in transition to cloud forest.

3400 m, mixed forest in transition to low elevation forest, Global distribution: Nicaragua

to

Colombia. Records:

A. mixed forest in transition to cloud forest, cloud forest, low Rodríguez 11173 ( BM, INB, MO, PMA), D. Santamaría

elevation oak forest, páramo. Global distribution: Mexico 5995 (BM, INB, MO, PMA), D. Solano 4278 (BM, INB,

to Bolivia, Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles. Records: E. MO, PMA), D. Solano 4326 (BM, INB, MO, PMA), L.D.

Alfaro 5501 (PMA). Gómez 23086 (MO).

Phytolacca meziana H.Walter Terrestrial herbs or shrubs. Distribution in PILA 1800– PICRAMNIACEAE 2700 m, cloud forest, low elevation oak forest, high elevation oak forest. Global distribution: Mexico, Picramnia latifolia Tul. Guatemala, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama. Records: A. Coralillo, Caragre (CR). Fernández 696 (CR, INB, MO), A.K. Monro 5485 (BM, Terrestrial trees. Distribution in PILA 0–1500 m, low INB, MO, PMA), D. Solano 3981 (BM, INB, MO, PMA), elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition to low E. Alfaro 1628 (CR, INB), E. Alfaro 4610 (INB). elevation forest, mixed forest in transition to cloud forest. Global distribution: Mexico to Bolivia, Brazil. Records:

Phytolacca rivinoides Kunth & C.D.Bouché A. Rodríguez 11263 (BM, INB, MO, PMA), A. Rodríguez Calalú, Jaboncillo (CR). 11624 (BM, INB, MO, PMA), D. Solano 4548 (BM, INB, Terrestrial herbs or shrubs. Distribution in PILA MO, PMA), G. Davidse 29184 (CR, MO). 0–3200 m, low elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition to low elevation forest, mixed forest in Picramnia teapensis Tul. transition to cloud forest, cloud forest, low elevation oak Caregre, Caragre (CR). forest, páramo. Global distribution: Mexico to Bolivia, Terrestrial shrubs or trees. Distribution in PILA Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles. Records: A.K. Monro 0–2500 m, low elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in 4805 (BM, INB, MO), A. Rodríguez 10802 (BM, INB, transition to low elevation forest, mixed forest in transition MO, PMA), A. Rodríguez 10964 (BM, INB, MO, PMA), to cloud forest, cloud forest, low elevation oak forest, A. Rodríguez 11642 (BM, INB, MO, PMA), A. Soto 1261 dense thicket. Global distribution: Mexico to Ecuador. Records: A.K. Monro 6255 (PMA), D. Santamaría 7035 (BM, INB, MO, PMA), D. Santamaría 7234 (BM, INB, Cobaea gracilis (Oerst.) Hemsl. MO, PMA ), D. Solano 5196 (BM, INB, MO, PMA), E. Terrestrial herbs. Distribution in PILA 700–3000 m, low Alfaro 752 (INB), L. Martínez 375 (PMA), N. Zamora elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition to low 4194 (BM, INB, MO, PMA). elevation forest, mixed forest in transition to cloud forest,

cloud forest, low elevation oak forest, high elevation oak forest. Global distribution: Costa Rica, Panama. Records:

PLANTAGINACEAE A. Fernández 806 (CR, INB, MO), A. Rodríguez 10925

(BM, INB, MO, PMA), A. Soto 1271 (INB), D. Solano

Plantago australis Lam. 4086 (BM, INB, MO, PMA), D. Solano 5206 (BM, INB, Llantén (CR). MO, PMA), E. Alfaro 2602 (INB). Terrestrial herbs. Distribution in PILA 0–3400 m, The above material was determined as being of a low elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition to currently undescribed species by Barry Hammel (Pers. low elevation forest, mixed forest in transition to cloud Comm.). This species will be included in the Manual de forest, cloud forest, low elevation oak forest, páramo, Plantas de Costa Rica (Hammel et al., in prep.). sabana natural grassland. Global distribution: Mexico to Colombia, Brazil, Bolivia, Argentina.Records: G. Davidse Cobaea lutea D.Don 26153 (CR, MO), G. Davidse 28616 (MO), F. Quesada Terrestrial herbs. Distribution in PILA 2300–3000 m, low 1491 (INB), L. Angulo 212 (INB). Uses: medicinal. elevation oak forest, high elevation oak forest. Global distribution: Mexico to El Salvador, Honduras, Costa

℮ Plantago major L. Rica Peru. Records: E. Alfaro 3480 (INB). Llantén (CR). Terrestrial herbs. Distribution in PILA 0–2700 m, low Cobaea minor M.Martens & Galeotti elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition to low Terrestrial herbs. Distribution in PILA 1900–2800 m, elevation forest, mixed forest in transition to cloud forest, cloud forest, low elevation oak forest, high elevation oak cloud forest, low elevation oak forest, high elevation forest. Global distribution: Mexico, Costa Rica, Panama. oak forest. Global distribution: Worldwide. Records: Records: F. Quesada 1499 (INB). C. Hamilton 727 (MO), J. A. Duke 13619 (MO). Uses: medicinal. POLYGALACEAE

Russelia sarmentosa Jacq. Monnina costaricensis Chodat Coralillo (CR) . Terrestrial herbs or shrubs. Distribution in PILA 1600– Terrestrial herbs or shrubs. Distribution in PILA 3400 m, mixed forest in transition to cloud forest, cloud 0–2200 m, low elevation mixed forest, mixed forest forest, low elevation oak forest, páramo, sabana natural in transition to low elevation forest, mixed forest in grassland. Global distribution: Endemic to Costa Rica. transition to cloud forest, cloud forest, low elevation Records: D. Solano 5137 (BM, INB, MO, PMA). oak forest. Global distribution: Mexico to Colombia, Greater Antilles. Records: D. Santamaría 3788 (INB), G. Monnina crepinii Chodat Gallardo 54 (CR, INB). Uses: medicinal. Terrestrial shrubs. Distribution in PILA 1500–3400 m, mixed forest in transition to cloud forest, cloud forest, low

Sibthorpia repens (L.) Kuntze elevation oak forest, páramo, sabana natural grassland. Terrestrial herbs. Distribution in PILA 1800–3400 m, Global distribution: Costa Rica, Panama. Records: A.K. cloud forest, low elevation oak forest, páramo. Global Monro 4072 (BM, INB), A.K. Monro 5340 (BM, INB, distribution: Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Costa Rica MO), B.B. Klitgaard 795 (BM, INB, MO), B.B. Klitgaard to Bolivia, Argentina. Records: A.K. Monro 5511 (BM, 840 (BM, INB, MO), E. Alfaro 3955 (INB), E. Alfaro INB, MO, PMA), A. Rodríguez 10772 (BM, INB, MO, 4709 (INB), G. Davidse 25243 (CR, MO), S. Knapp 9874 PMA), B.B. Klitgaard 821 (BM, INB), E. Alfaro 3974 (BM, CR, MO). (INB), G. Davidse 28958 (CR). Monnina parasylvatica C.M.Taylor

℮ Veronica peregrina L. Terrestrial shrubs. Distribution in PILA 300–2800 m, low Terrestrial herbs. Distribution in PILA 1300–2300 m, elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition to low mixed forest in transition to cloud forest, cloud forest, elevation forest, mixed forest in transition to cloud forest, low elevation oak forest. Global distribution: Worldwide. cloud forest, low elevation oak forest, high elevation oak Records: G. Davidse 26151 (CR, MO). forest. Global distribution: Nicaragua to Panama. Records: A. Rodríguez 11371 (BM, INB, MO, PMA).

POLEMONIACEAE Securidaca sylvestris Schltdl.

Monnina saprogena Donn.Sm. Terrestrial shrubs. Distribution in PILA 300–1100 m, low Terrestrial shrubs. Distribution in PILA 1400–2600 m, elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition to low mixed forest in transition to cloud forest, cloud forest, elevation forest. Global distribution: Mexico to Panama. low elevation oak forest, high elevation oak forest. Global Records: D. Solano 3212 (INB). Uses: medicinal. distribution: Costa Rica, Panama. Records: A. Rodríguez 10846 (BM, INB, MO, PMA), A. Soto 324 (INB), B. Gamboa 1219 (INB, MO), B. Gamboa 1238 (INB), D. POLYGONACEAE Solano 4014 (BM, INB, MO, PMA), E. Alfaro 3656 (INB), E. Alfaro 4697 (INB), G. Davidse 25233 (MO), Coccoloba tuerckheimii Donn.Sm. G. Davidse 28652 (MO), G. Herrera 3727 (INB, MO), Alma negra, Irayol de montaña, Quebracho, Zapatón, G. Herrera 6169 (CR, INB, MO), G. Herrera 6228 (CR, Piedra (CR). INB, MO), J. Bittner 1807 (INB, MO), M. Grayum 10349 Terrestrial trees. Distribution in PILA 0–700 m, low (CR, INB, MO). elevation mixed forest. Global distribution: Mexico to Panama. Records: A. Rodríguez, Jul. 22, 2007 (Field obs.),

Monnina sylvatica Schltdl. & Cham. A. Rodríguez, Jul. 24 2007 (Field obs.), A. Rodríguez, Jul. Terrestrial shrubs. Distribution in PILA 400–3200 m, low 25, 2007 (Field obs.), N. Zamora, Aug. 8, 2008 (Field elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition to low obs.). Uses : timber. elevation forest, mixed forest in transition to cloud forest, cloud forest, low elevation oak forest, páramo. Global ψ Muehlenbeckia tamnifolia (Kunth) Meisn. distribution: Mexico to Panama. Records: A. Fernández Bejuco colorado ( CR). 1049 ( INB), A. Rodríguez 11869 ( BM, INB, MO, PMA), Terrestrial lianas. Distribution in PILA 200–3500 m, D. Solano 2850 ( INB), D. Solano 5232 ( BM, INB, MO, low elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition to PMA), G. Herrera 6246 ( CR, INB, MO), R. Villalobos low elevation forest, mixed forest in transition to cloud 263 ( CR, INB), Z. Fuentes 793 ( INB). forest, cloud forest, low elevation oak forest, páramo. Global distribution: Mexico to El Salvador, Costa Rica

Monnina xalapensis Kunth to Venezuela, Argentina. Records: A. Fernández 704 Terrestrial shrubs. Distribution in PILA 1100–3400 m, (CR, INB, MO), A. Rodríguez 10777 (BM, INB, MO, mixed forest in transition to low elevation forest, mixed PMA), B.B. Klitgaard 774 (BM, MO), D. Solano 4030 forest in transition to cloud forest, cloud forest, low (BM, INB, MO, PMA), G. Davidse 23913 (CR, MO), G. elevation oak forest, páramo. Global distribution: Mexico Davidse 25183 (MO), G. Davidse 25806 (CR, MO), G. to Panama. Records: A. Fernández 1849 (CR, INB), B. Davidse 25997 (MO), S. Knapp 10013 (BM, INB, MO), S. Hammel 1391 (MO), C. Hamilton 696 (MO), C. von Knapp 9946 (BM, INB, MO), S. Knapp 9959 (BM, MO), Hagen 2074 (MO), G. Davidse 26213 (MO), J. A. Duke S. Knapp 9999 (BM, INB, MO). Regional conservation 13653 (MO), J. Dwyer 435 (MO), F. Quesada 1890 (INB), status: Near Threatened (NT). K. E. Blum 2617 (MO), T. Croat 27012 (MO). Persicaria acuminata (Kunth) M.Gómez

Polygala paniculata L. Terrestrial herbs. Distribution in PILA 0–1300 m, low Canchalagua, Conchalaguo, Cofalillo (CR). elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition to Terrestrial herbs. Distribution in PILA 0–2100 m, low low elevation forest, mixed forest in transition to cloud elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition to low forest. Global distribution: Mexico to Panama, Ecuador elevation forest, mixed forest in transition to cloud forest, to Suriname, Bolivia, Argentina, Greater Antilles, Lesser cloud forest, low elevation oak forest. Global distribution: Antilles. Records: A. Rodríguez 11192 (BM, INB, MO, Mexico to Venezuela. Records: D. Solano 3183 (INB). PMA). Uses: medicinal. Rumex costaricensis Rech.f.

Securidaca diversifolia Pol. Terrestrial herbs. Distribution in PILA 1300–3300 m, Bejuco mariposa, Guatemala (CR). mixed forest in transition to cloud forest, cloud forest, low Terrestrial shrubs. Distribution in PILA 0–1500 m, elevation oak forest, páramo. Global distribution: Costa low elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition to Rica, Panama. Records: B.B. Klitgaard 804 (BM, MO), low elevation forest, mixed forest in transition to cloud E. Alfaro 3239 (INB), G. Davidse 25857 (MO). forest. Global distribution: USA to Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Ecuador to the Guyanas, Brazil, Bolivia, Greater ℮ Rumex obtusifolius L. Antilles, Lesser Antilles. Records : G. Herrera 8102 (CR). Ruibarba (CR). Uses: medicinal. Terrestrial herbs. Distribution in PILA 1000–3400 m, mixed forest in transition to low elevation forest,

mixed forest in transition to cloud forest, cloud forest, (BM, INB, PMA), F. Quesada 1895 (INB). Conservation low elevation oak forest, páramo. Global distribution: status: Least Concern, ver 2.3 (1994). USA, Guatemala to Honduras, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile. Records: C. Hamilton 750 (MO), C. ε-PILA Ardisia crassipes Lundell Hamilton 751 (MO). Terrestrial shrubs or trees.Distribution in PILA1400–2500

m, mixed forest in transition to cloud forest, cloud forest,

low elevation oak forest. Global distribution: Endemic to PRIMULACEAE Panama. Records: S. Mori 7330 (NY, MO).