Ichthyothere scandens S.F.Blake

MONRO, A. K., SANTAMARÍA-AGUILAR, D., GONZÁLEZ, F., CHACÓN, O., SOLANO, D., RODRÍGUEZ, A., ZAMORA, N., FEDELE, E. & CORREA, M., 2017, A first checklist to the vascular plants of La Amistad International Park (PILA), Costa Rica-Panama, Phytotaxa 322 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

Ichthyothere scandens S.F.Blake Lasianthaea fruticosa (L.) K.M.Becker

Terrestrial herbs to shrubs. Distribution in PILA 400–1500 Quitirrisí, Tora, San rafael, Ira, Ira colorado, Skri (CR).

m, low elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition Terrestrial shrubs or trees. Distribution in PILA to low elevation forest, mixed forest in transition to cloud 200–1800 m, low elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in forest. Global distribution: Nicaragua to Peru, Venezuela. transition to low elevation forest, mixed forest in transition Records: D. Solano 5003 ( BM, INB, MO, PMA). to cloud forest. Global distribution: Mexico to Panama. Records: D. Santamaría 3732 ( INB). Uses: Firewood, medicinal, ornamental. mixed forest in transition to cloud forest, cloud forest ,

The Plant List cites this name as illegitimate and low elevation oak forest, high elevation oak forest. Global unresolved whereas Davidse et al. 2017 accept the name distribution: Costa Rica, Panama. Records: G. Davidse as legitimate. 25784 (CR, MO).

Lepidaploa chiriquiensis (S.C.Keeley) H.Rob. Mikania cordifolia (L.f.) Willd. Terrestrial shrubs. Distribution in PILA 1300–2100 m, Terrestrial lianas. Distribution in PILA 0–2800 m, low mixed forest in transition to cloud forest, cloud forest, elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition to low low elevation oak forest. Global distribution: Endemic to elevation forest, mixed forest in transition to cloud forest, Panama. Records: McPherson 8331 (MO). cloud forest, low elevation oak forest, high elevation oak forest, sabana natural grassland. Global distribution:

Liabum bourgeaui Hieron. Mexico to Argentina, Greater Antilles , Lesser Antilles. Terrestrial herbs. Distribution in PILA 0–1800 m, low Records: G. Davidse 29067 (CR, MO). elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition to low elevation forest, mixed forest in transition to cloud forest, Mikania hookeriana DC. cloud forest. Global distribution: Mexico to Panama. Terrestrial lianas. Distribution in PILA 0–1700 m, low Records: A. Rodríguez, Jul. 25, 2007 (Field obs.). elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition to low elevation forest, mixed forest in transition to cloud forest,

Melanthera nivea (L.) Small cloud forest. Global distribution: Mexico to Bolivia, Peru, Paira, Totolquelite (CR). Lesser Antilles. Records: G. Davidse 26054 (CR, MO). Terrestrial herbs or shrubs. Distribution in PILA 0–1700 m, low elevation mixed forest, mixed forest Mikania iltisii R.M.King & H.Rob. in transition to low elevation forest, mixed forest in Terrestrial lianas. Distribution in PILA 1900–3000 m, transition to cloud forest, cloud forest. Global distribution: cloud forest, low elevation oak forest, high elevation oak Mexico to Peru, Bolivia, Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles. forest. Global distribution: Costa Rica, Panama. Records: Records: D. Santamaría 6155 (BM, INB, MO, PMA), D. E. Alfaro 1341 (INB), E. Alfaro 3231 (INB), E. Alfaro Solano 4470 (BM, INB, MO, PMA). 3487 (INB), G. Davidse 28874 (CR, MO), G. Davidse 29030 (CR, MO), G. Davidse 29071 (CR, MO), G.

Mikania aschersonii Hieron. Davidse 29242 (MO), G. Herrera 3711 (INB, MO), J. F. Terrestrial lianas. Distribution in PILA 800–2000 m, Morales 5816 (INB), F. Quesada 1844 (INB). mixed forest in transition to low elevation forest, mixed forest in transition to cloud forest. Global distribution: Mikania leiostachya Benth. Costa Rica to Bolivia. Records: A.K. Monro 4258 (BM, Terrestrial lianas. Distribution in PILA 0–3000 m, low INB, MO), A.K. Monro 5526 (BM, INB, MO, PMA), A. elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition to low Rodríguez 10873 (BM, INB, MO, PMA), A. Rodríguez elevation forest, mixed forest in transition to cloud forest, 11845 (BM, INB, MO, PMA), D. Santamaría 5715 (BM, cloud forest, low elevation oak forest, high elevation oak INB, MO, PMA). forest. Global distribution: Mexico to Ecuador, Peru. Records: G. McPherson 15913 (MO).

Mikania banisteriae DC. Terrestrial lianas.Distribution in PILA 900–2200 m, mixed Mikania micrantha Kunth forest in transition to low elevation forest, mixed forest Terrestrial lianas. Distribution in PILA 0–2000 m, low in transition to cloud forest, cloud forest, low elevation elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition to low oak forest, pasture. Global distribution: Honduras, Costa elevation forest, mixed forest in transition to cloud forest, Rica to Bolivia, Mexico to Panama, Suriname. Records: cloud forest, sabana natural grassland. Global distribution: A. Fernández 785 (INB), A. Rodríguez 11786 (BM, INB, Mexico to Argentina, Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles. MO, PMA), A. Rodríguez 11868 (BM, INB, MO, PMA), Records: G. Davidse 28907 (CR, MO). A. Rodríguez 9771 (INB), A. Rodríguez 9873 (INB), D. Santamaría 3531 (INB), D. Santamaría 3747 (INB), D. Mikania pittieri B.L.Rob. Solano 3973 (BM, INB, MO, PMA), G. Herrera 3398 Terrestrial lianas. Distribution in PILA 2000–2200 m, (INB, MO), G. Herrera 5248 (CR, INB, MO), G. Herrera cloud forest, low elevation oak forest. Global distribution: 5941 (CR, INB, MO), F. Quesada 1876 (INB), K. Sytsma Costa Rica to Colombia. Records: E. Alfaro 2282 (INB). 4910 (MO). Mikania simpsonii W.C.Holmes & McDaniel

Mikania castroi R.M.King & H.Rob. Terrestrial lianas. Distribution in PILA 800– 800 m, Terrestrial lianas. Distribution in PILA 1500–2600 m, mixed forest in transition to low elevation forest. Global distribution: Costa Rica to Colombia. Records:

A. Rodríguez, Jul. 21, 2007 ( Field obs.), A. Rodríguez, Terrestrial shrubs. Distribution in PILA 2000–3200 m , Jul. 22, 2007 ( Field obs.), A. Rodríguez , Jul. 23, 2007 cloud forest, low elevation oak forest, páramo. Global (Field obs.), A. Rodríguez, Jul. 24 2007 ( Field obs.), A. distribution: Endemic to Panama. Records: Gómez 22644 Rodríguez , Jul. 25, 2007 ( Field obs.). ( CR) .

Mikania tonduzii B.L.Rob. Neomirandea burgeri R.M.King & H.Rob. Terrestrial lianas. Distribution in PILA 0–2000 m, low Epiphytic shrubs. Distribution in PILA 1200–2900 m, elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition to low mixed forest in transition to low elevation forest, mixed elevation forest, mixed forest in transition to cloud forest, forest in transition to cloud forest, cloud forest, low cloud forest. Global distribution: Costa Rica to Colombia. elevation oak forest, high elevation oak forest. Global Records: A. Rodríguez, Jul. 21, 2007 (Field obs.). distribution: Endemic to Panama. Records: Allen 4954 (MO).

Mikania vitifolia DC. Terrestrial lianas. Distribution in PILA 0–1400 m, low Neomirandea carnosa (Kuntze) R.M.King & H.Rob. elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition to low Epiphytic shrubs. Distribution in PILA 700–1500 m, low elevation forest, mixed forest in transition to cloud forest. elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition to low Global distribution: Costa Rica to Colombia. Records: A. elevation forest, mixed forest in transition to cloud forest, Rodríguez, Jul. 21, 2007 (Field obs.). dense thicket. Global distribution: Costa Rica, Panama. Records: A.K. Monro 4824 (BM, INB, MO).

Munnozia senecionidis Benth. Terrestrial herbs or shrubs. Distribution in PILA 1700– Neomirandea chiriquensis R.M.King & H.Rob. 3200 m, cloud forest, low elevation oak forest, páramo, Terrestrial shrubs. Distribution in PILA 1400–2200 m, sabana natural grassland. Global distribution: Costa Rica mixed forest in transition to cloud forest, cloud forest, to Peru, Bolivia. Records: A. Chacón 583 (INB, MO), A. low elevation oak forest. Global distribution: Endemic to Fernández 713 (CR, INB), G. Davidse 25241 (MO), G. Panama. Records: Hamilton 3343 (MO). Davidse 25274 (MO), G. Davidse 25826 (MO). Neomirandea croatii R.M.King & H.Rob.

Munnozia wilburii H.Rob. Epiphytic shrubs.Distribution in PILA 900–2200m, mixed Terrestrial herbs or shrubs. Distribution in PILA 1200– forest in transition to low elevation forest, mixed forest in 1800 m, mixed forest in transition to low elevation transition to cloud forest, cloud forest, low elevation oak forest, mixed forest in transition to cloud forest. Global forest . Global distribution: Costa Rica, Panama. Records: distribution: Endemic to Costa Rica. Records: E. Alfaro A. Fernández 834 (INB, MO). 4617 (INB). Neomirandea eximia (B.L.Rob.) R.M.King & H.Rob.

Neomirandea allenii R.M.King & H.Rob. Epiphytic shrubs. Distribution in PILA 1000–2900 m, Epiphytic shrubs. Distribution in PILA 600–900 m, low mixed forest in transition to low elevation forest, mixed elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition to forest in transition to cloud forest, cloud forest, low low elevation forest. Global distribution: Costa Rica to elevation oak forest, high elevation oak forest, pasture. Colombia. Records: G. Herrera 3285 (CR, INB, MO). Global distribution: Costa Rica, Panama. Records: A. Fernández 786 ( INB) , A. Fernández 934 ( INB) , A.

Neomirandea angularis (B.L.Rob.) R.M.King & H.Rob. Rodríguez 10696 (BM, INB, MO, PMA), D. Santamaría Terrestrial shrubs. Distribution in PILA 800–2500 m, 5656 (BM, INB, MO, PMA), E. Alfaro 3371 (INB), G. mixed forest in transition to low elevation forest, mixed Davidse 25111 (CR, MO), G. Davidse 28537 (CR, MO), forest in transition to cloud forest, cloud forest, low G. Davidse 28663 (CR), G. Davidse 28790 (CR, MO), elevation oak forest. Global distribution:Endemic to Costa G. Davidse 28847 (MO), G. Davidse 28897 (MO), G. Rica. Records: D. Solano 3977 (BM, INB, MO, PMA), G. Davidse 29040 (MO), G. Herrera 5445 (INB), J. Bittner Davidse 29056 (CR, MO), K. Sytsma 4901 (MO). 1782 (INB, MO), F. Quesada 1980 (INB, MO), M. Grayum 10350 (INB, MO), M. Moraga 386 (INB), R.

Neomirandea araliifolia (Less.) R.M.King & H.Rob. Aguilar 1161 (INB, MO). Terrestrial or facultative epiphytic shrubs. Distribution in PILA 200–2000 m, low elevation mixed forest, mixed Neomirandea guevarae R.M.King & H.Rob. forest in transition to low elevation forest, mixed forest in Terrestrial shrubs. Distribution in PILA 900–2100 m, transition to cloud forest. Global distribution: Mexico to mixed forest in transition to low elevation forest, mixed Panama. Records: E. Alfaro 3651 (INB). forest in transition to cloud forest, cloud forest, low elevation oak forest. Global distribution: Endemic to

Neomirandea biflora R.M.King & H.Rob. Costa Rica. Records: Grayum 10284 (CR, MO). Margarita de monte (CR).

Neomirandea parasitica (Klatt) R.M.King & H.Rob. Terrestrial shrubs. Distribution in PILA 500–2300 m, Epiphytic shrubs. Distribution in PILA 1100–2500 m, low elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition to mixed forest in transition to low elevation forest, mixed low elevation forest, mixed forest in transition to cloud forest in transition to cloud forest, cloud forest, low forest, cloud forest, low elevation oak forest. Global elevation oak forest. Global distribution: Costa Rica to distribution: Costa Rica to Venezuela. Records: A. Colombia. Records: G. Davidse 28854 (CR, MO). Rodríguez 9755 ( INB) , D. Santamaría 3470 ( INB) , D. Solano 2851 ( INB) .

Neomirandea psoralea (B.L.Rob.) R.M.King & H.Rob. Terrestrial or facultative epiphytic shrubs. Distribution ψ Pentacalia andicola (Turcz.) Cuatrec. in PILA 1100–3000 m, mixed forest in transition to low Terrestrial shrubs. Distribution in PILA 2500–3500 m, elevation forest, mixed forest in transition to cloud forest, low elevation oak forest, páramo. Global distribution: cloud forest, low elevation oak forest, high elevation oak Costa Rica to Ecuador, Venezuela. Records: A. S. Weston forest. Global distribution: Costa Rica, Panama. Records: 10187 (MO), B.B. Klitgaard 752 (BM), E. Alfaro 1331 E.Alfaro 3242 (INB), G. Davidse 25110 (MO), G. Davidse (INB), G. Davidse 25302 (CR, MO), G. Davidse 26046 25491 (CR, MO). (CR, MO), F. Quesada 1807 (INB), S. Knapp 9846 (BM, INB).

Neomirandea standleyi (B.L.Rob.) R.M.King & H.Rob. Terrestrial or facultative epiphytic shrubs. Distribution ψ Pentacalia firmipes (Greenm.) Cuatrec. in PILA 500–2300 m, low elevation mixed forest, mixed Terrestrial shrubs. Distribution in PILA 2400–3700 m, forest in transition to low elevation forest, mixed forest in low elevation oak forest, páramo. Global distribution: transition to cloud forest, cloud forest, low elevation oak Endemic to Costa Rica. Records: A.K. Monro 5160 (BM, forest. Global distribution: Costa Rica, Panama. Records: INB), A. S. Weston 10188 (MO), E. Alfaro 3975 (INB), G. A. Fernández 801 (INB), A.K. Monro 4234 (BM), A. Davidse 23899 (CR, MO), G. Davidse 25290 (CR, MO), Rodríguez 10782 (BM, INB, MO, PMA), A. Rodríguez G. Davidse 25300 (CR, MO), G. Davidse 25869 (CR, 11963 (BM, INB, MO, PMA), D. Santamaría 5901 (BM, MO), G. Davidse 25891 (CR, MO), G. Davidse 25936 INB, MO, PMA), D. Solano 4025 (BM, INB, MO, PMA), (CR, MO), L.D. Gómez 22679 (MO), S. Knapp 9843 (BM, K. Sytsma 4906 (MO). INB), S. Knapp 9882 (BM, INB). Global conservation status: Endangered (EN), B1ab(i,iii).

Neomirandea turrialbae R.M.King & H.Rob. Terrestrial or facultative epiphytic shrubs. Distribution in Pentacalia parasiticus H.Rob. PILA 1500 –3100 m, mixed forest in transition to cloud Terrestrial lianas. Distribution in PILA 2000–3200 m, forest, cloud forest, low elevation oak forest, high elevation cloud forest, low elevation oak forest, páramo. Global oak forest, páramo. Global distribution: Endemic to Costa distribution: Mexico, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama, Rica. Records: E. Alfaro 1625 (INB, MO), G. Davidse Ecuador. Records: G. Herrera 6012 (INB, MO). 25884 (CR, MO), F. Quesada 1993 (INB). Piptocoma discolor (Kunth) Pruski

Neurolaena lobata (L.) R.Br. ex Cass. Terrestrial shrubs or trees. Distribution in PILA 400–1800 Capitana, Gavilana, Ax+ki-krí (Bribrí) (CR). m, low elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition Terrestrial herbs or shrubs. Distribution in PILA to low elevation forest, mixed forest in transition to cloud 0–2000 m, low elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in forest. Global distribution: Costa Rica to Peru. Records: transition to low elevation forest, mixed forest in transition D. Santamaría 3498 (INB). to cloud forest, cloud forest. Global distribution: Mexico to Bolivia, Greater Antilles. Records: D. Solano 4700 Polyanthina nemorosa (Klatt) R.M.King & H.Rob. (BM, INB, MO, PMA) , F. Quesada 1695 (CR, INB). Terrestrial herbs or shrubs. Distribution in PILA 600–1700 Uses: biological control, medicinal, Repelente. m, low elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition to low elevation forest, mixed forest in transition to cloud

Otopappus verbesinoides Benth. forest. Global distribution: Costa Rica to Peru, Bolivia. Terrestrial herbs. Distribution in PILA 600–1500 m, low Records: A. Rodríguez 11279 (BM, INB, MO, PMA), D. elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition to low Solano 4515 (BM, INB, MO, PMA). elevation forest, mixed forest in transition to cloud forest. Global distribution: Mexico to Panama. Records: A. Pseudognaphalium elegans (Kunth) Kartesz Rodríguez, Feb. 24 2008 (Field obs.). Terrestrial herbs to shrubs. Distribution in PILA 800– 3400 m, mixed forest in transition to low elevation forest,

Oyedaea verbesinoides DC. mixed forest in transition to cloud forest, cloud forest, low elevation oak forest, páramo. Global distribution:

Nicaragua to Panama, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela. Records: m, low elevation oak forest, páramo. Global distribution: E. Alfaro 3255 (INB), G. Davidse 26202 (MO). Endemic to Costa Rica. Records: E. Alfaro 3321 (INB), E. Alfaro 3497 (INB), G. Herrera 3701 (INB, MO). Global

Pseudognaphalium standleyi (Steyerm.) G.L.Nesom conservation status: Endangered (EN), B1ab(i,iii). Terrestrial herbs. Distribution in PILA 2900–3500 m, high elevation oak forest, páramo. Global distribution: ψ Senecio cooperi (Greenm.) H.Rob. & Cuatrec. Guatemala to Costa Rica. Records: A. Chacón 543 (INB), Terrestrial shrubs. Distribution in PILA 900–3100 m, E. Alfaro 3388 (INB), F. Quesada 1806 (INB). mixed forest in transition to low elevation forest, mixed forest in transition to cloud forest, cloud forest, low

□ Roldana heterogama H.Rob. & Brettell elevation oak forest, high elevation oak forest, páramo. Terrestrial herbs or shrubs. Distribution in PILA 1500– Global distribution: Costa Rica, Panama. Records: A. 3500 m, mixed forest in transition to cloud forest, cloud Rodríguez 11964 (BM, INB, MO, PMA), C. Hamilton 735 forest, low elevation oak forest, páramo, sabana natural (MO), G. Davidse 25106 (CR, MO), J. Bittner 1892 (INB, grassland. Global distribution: Guatemala, Costa Rica, MO), S. Knapp 9985 (BM, INB). Global conservation Panama. Records: A.K. Monro 5342 (BM, INB, MO), status: Vulnerable (VU), B1ab(i,iii). B.B. Klitgaard 792 (BM, INB), G. Davidse 23996 (CR, MO), G. Davidse 25154 (CR, MO). Senecio grandifolius Less. Terrestrial shrubs or trees.Distribution in PILA1300–2400

Rumfordia guatemalensis (J.M.Coult.) S.F.Blake m, mixed forest in transition to cloud forest, cloud forest, Terrestrial herbs to shrubs. Distribution in PILA 1200– low elevation oak forest. Global distribution: Mexico, 2500 m, mixed forest in transition to low elevation forest, Costa Rica. Records: A. Rodríguez 11922 (BM, INB, MO, mixed forest in transition to cloud forest, cloud forest, PMA), A. Rodríguez 9852 (INB), D. Santamaría 7250 low elevation oak forest. Global distribution: Costa Rica, (BM, INB, MO, PMA), D. Solano 3987 (BM, INB, MO, Panama. Records: A. Rodríguez 11966 (BM, INB, MO, PMA), D. Solano 5202 (BM, INB, MO, PMA), L. Acosta PMA ). 2376 (INB), N. Zamora 4076 (BM, INB, MO, PMA).