Amiota aculeata, 2005

Chen, Hong-Wei, Watabe, Hide-Aki, Gao, Jian-Jun, Takamori, Hisaki, Zhang, Ya-Ping & Aotsuka, Tadashi, 2005, Species diversity of the subgenus Amiota (s. str.) Loew, 1862 (Diptera, Drosophilidae) in southern China, Journal of Natural History 39 (3), pp. 265-310 : 306-309

Key to all the species of the subgenus Amiota from southern China

Male

1. Face, postpronotal lobe and wing base each with distinctly milky white spot; aedeagal apodeme broadened, dorso-ventrally flattened (subgenus Amiota ).. 2

2. Postocellar setae absent; fifth tergite laterally with coloured strips; lateral margin of sixth tergite apically pointed, not reaching ventral margin of fifth tergite; aedeagus single, basally fused to apodeme ( apodemata species-group)....................... apodemata Gupta and Panigrahy

– Postocellar setae present; fifth tergite laterally without coloured strips; lateral margin of sixth tergite, reaching ventral margin of fifth tergite; aedeagus, if present, basally not fused to apodeme............... 3

3. Body yellow; hypandrium broadened, anteriorly connected to ventro-medial portion of parameres by articulating plate; parameres basally to medially fused to each other ( sinuata species-group).............. 4

– Body black; hypandrium narrow, separated from paramere; parameres entirely separated from each other................ 8

4. Prescutellar setae present; outer membrane of aedeagus with fine serration................. aculeata Chen and Aotsuka , sp. nov.

– Prescutellar setae absent................. 5

5. Vertical lobe of gonopod basally extremely elongated, forming one pair of strongly curved, rod-shaped processes with one pair of sickle-like projections submedially.......... subsinuata Chen and Aotsuka , sp. nov.

– Vertical lobe of gonopod basally without elongated process....... 6

6. Epandrium postero-ventrally unpubescent; surstylus with stout spines on inner surface; aedeagal apodeme as long as wide, basally much expanded laterad like fan; paramere with only ordinary sensilla; ejaculatory apodeme with five pits on each side of apical plate........... pengi Chen and Toda

– Epandrium postero-ventrally pubescent; surstylus without stout spines on inner surface; aedeagal apodeme longer than wide, basally not strongly expanded laterad; paramere distally with some very minute sensilla in addition to ordinary ones; ejaculatory apodeme with two or three pits on each side of apical plate. 7

7. Distal part of paramere as long as basal part, apically slightly narrowing in lateral view................... sinuata Okada

– Distal part of paramere distinct longer than basal part, apically broadened in lateral view......... xishuangbanna Chen and Aotsuka , sp. nov.

8. Ventral branches of arista as long as dorsal ones; wing with ca 14–15 distinct, peglike spinules on ventral surface of costal vein between R 2+3 and R 4+5 ( nagatai species-group).................... 9

– Ventral branches of arista shorter than dorsal ones; wing with more than 18 small, peg-like spinules there................. 10

9. Vertical lobe of gonopod apically with one pair of horn-like processes nagatai Okada

– Vertical lobe of gonopod apically round, without any processes.......................... okinawana Okada

10. Surstylus with a few of aristate processes separated from or fused to each other on mesal surface; vertical lobe of gonopod with two sclerotized, basally fused M-shaped processes ( basdeni species-group).......... 11

– Surstylus without aristate processes; vertical lobe of gonopod without M-shaped process..................... 19

11. Paramere less sclerotized, pubescent............ 12

– Paramere sclerotized, glabrous.............. 13

12. Aedeagus and paramere slender, rod-shaped; aedeagus slightly sclerotized; paramere entirely pubescent............ palpifera Okada

– Aedeagus and paramere lobe-shaped, aedeagus heavily sclerotized, black; paramere partially pubescent, submedially with a few tiny setulae.................... brevipartita Chen and Gao , sp. nov.

13. Aedeagus much sclerotized and black............ 14

– Aedeagus sclerotized, black only at apical portion in some species.... 16

14. Paramere apically round, basally articulated with aedeagus; aedeagus subapically with short, additional process.......... curvistyla Okada

– Paramere apically pointed, basally fused to aedeagus; aedeagus subapically lacking process..................... 15

15. Paramere curved apically; aedeagus very small, entirely fused to base of paramere............... onchopyga Nishiharu

– Paramere slightly curved submedially; aedeagus fused to paramere only at base............ curvispinata Chen and Gao, sp. nov.

16. Paramere broadened, with one sclerotized process on lateral side...................... huae Chen and Gao , sp. nov.

– Paramere rod-shaped, lacking process............ 17

17. Paramere and aedeagus apically pointed; aedeagus curved toward medial portion of paramere........... longispinata Chen and Gao , sp. nov.

– Paramere and aedeagus apically blunt; aedeagus curved toward subapical portion of paramere.................... 18

18. Paramere much sclerotized, basally curved in lateral view....................... lipingae Chen and Gao , sp. nov.

– Paramere less sclerotized, straight........ macai Chen and Toda

19. Hind femur ventro-basally with nearly hyaline, small, lobe-like flap ( taurusata species-group)................... 20

– Hind femur without any flap............... 22

20. All femora dark brown; hind femur curved basally; vertical lobe of gonopod nearly triangular.......... femorata Chen and Takamori , sp. nov.

– Leg entirely yellow, hind femur straight; vertical lobe of gonopod nearly round 21

21. Parameres basally fused to aedeagus. asymmetrica Chen and Takamori , sp. nov.

– Parameres entirely separated from aedeagus yixiangna Chen and Takamori , sp. nov.

22. Hind tibia ventrally with a row of long setae; hind second to fifth tarsomeres broadened: length of second tarsomere at least shorter than 1.5 times its width ( alboguttata species-group)............... 23

– Hind tibia ventrally without long setae; hind second to fifth tarsomeres nearly straight..................... 30

23. Vertical lobe of gonopod medio-apically with three processes......

............... nozawai Chen and Watabe , sp. nov. – Vertical lobe of gonopod apically with two processes........ 24 – Vertical lobe of gonopod apically with one process........ 26

24. Vertical lobe of gonopod and aedeagus less sclerotized..................... jizushanensis Chen and Watabe , sp. nov.

– Vertical lobe of gonopod much sclerotized, black......... 25

25. Vertical lobe of gonopod medially separated into lateral lobes.................... dehiscentia Chen and Watabe , sp. nov. – Vertical lobe of gonopod medially not separated, apically with two pointed processes.......... paraspinata Chen and Watabe , sp. nov.

26. Vertical lobe of gonopod basally roundish........... 27

– Vertical lobe of gonopod basally quadrate........... 28

27. Vertical lobe of gonopod much sclerotized distally, broadened, large, width as long as height............ arcuata Chen and Watabe , sp. nov.

– Vertical lobe of gonopod less-sclerotized apically, height longer than width.................. luguhuensis Chen and Watabe , sp. nov.

28. Apical process of vertical lobe of gonopod pointed in ventral view................... shangrila Chen and Watabe , sp. nov.

– Apical process of vertical lobe of gonopod roundish in ventral view... 29

29. Width of vertical lobe of gonopod longer than height; paramere basally fused to median part of aedeagus...... latitabula Chen and Watabe , sp. nov.

– Width of vertical lobe of gonopod shorter than height; paramere articulated with basal part of aedeagus...... ailaoshanensis Chen and Watabe , sp. nov.

30. Body large (more than 4.0 mm in length); prensisetae on surstylus long, apically pointed ( rufescens species-group); paramere lobe-like, less sclerotized; vertical lobe of gonopod short........... magniflava Chen and Toda

– Body small (less than 4.0 mm in length); prensisetae on surstylus short and apically blunt (ungrouped species)............. 31

31. All femora dark brown; paramere and aedeagus slender and much sclerotized................. fuscata Chen and Zhang , sp. nov.

– All femora yellow; aedeagus fused to parameres......... 32

32. Fifth sternite triangularly notched on posterior margin, with dense, long setae...................... 33

– Fifth sternite quadrate, not notched postero-medially, without dense, long setae 34

33. Surstylus with 11–12 prensisetae; mid tibia medio-ventrally with five to seven erected setae longer than others........... furcata Okada

– Surstylus with six or seven prensisetae; mid tibia ventrally without any long, erected seta................ subfurcata Okada

34. Epandrium entirely separated mid-dorsally; vertical lobe of gonopod medially separated from each other............... 35

– Epandrium deeply constricted mid-dorsally but not separated laterally; vertical lobe of gonopod narrowly elongated apically, not separated medially... 36

35. Paramere much sclerotized, with one antero-apically pointed and basally quadrate process.................. dentata Okada

– Parameres less sclerotized, distally with one triangular pointed process and one knot-like process....... wuyishanensis Chen and Zhang , sp. nov.

36. Vertical lobe of gonopod less sclerotized, apically elongated narrowly and bifurcated.................. acuta Okada

– Vertical lobe of gonopod much sclerotized, apically pointed and pentafurcated.................. wangi Chen and Zhang , sp. nov.