Hydroides brachyacantha Rioja, 1941a

Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez, León-González, Jesús Angel De, Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea & Carmona, Isabel, 2016, New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific, Zootaxa 4184 (3), pp. 401-457 : 413-414

Hydroides brachyacantha Rioja, 1941a

( Figures 3 , 11 B)

Hydroides brachyacantha Rioja, 1941a: 169 –172, pl. 3, Fig. 2 , pl. 4, Figs 1–9 . Type locality: Mazatlán , Sinaloa ; and La Aguada Beach, Caleta Beach and Hornos Beach, Acapulco , Guerrero, on rocks. Neotype designated by Sun et al. (2016) from Mazatlán , Sinaloa, western México .

Hydroides brachyacantha .— Rioja 1941b: 733 (same as above); Salazar-Vallejo 1989b: 199 (Mexican coasts, checklist); Gómez et al. 1997: 1071 (Puerto Ángel Beach, La Entrega Beach and Cacaluta Beach, Oaxaca, rocks and coral); Hernández-Alcántara et al. 2003: 9 (Socorro Island, checklist); Hernández-Alcántara et al. 2008: 48 (mentioned only).

Eupomatus brachyacantha .— Rioja 1960: 255 (Vargas Lozano Bay, Socorro Island, on Eucidaris thouarsii [L. Agassiz & Desor] spines and rocks); Salazar-Vallejo 1989b: 199 (Mexican coasts, checklist); Salazar-Vallejo & Londoño-Mesa 2004: 54 (Tropical Eastern Pacific, checklist).

Hydroides albiceps (not Grube, 1870).— López-García et al. 1997: 66 ( Coiba Island , Panamá, on dead coral; pictures revised by Bastida-Zavala).

Hydroides brachyacanthus .—Bastida-Zavala & ten Hove 2003: 73–76, Figs 3 A–M, 7A–F (California, Baja California, Sonora, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Costa Rica, Panamá, Ecuador; 0–23 m); Salazar-Vallejo & Londoño-Mesa 2004: 54 (Tropical Eastern Pacific, checklist); Lewis et al. 2006: 669 (ten Hove identified specimens from the tall ship “Gorch Fock” in Sydney, Australia); Bastida-Zavala 2008: 22–23, fig. 6C (Baja California Sur, Guerrero and Oaxaca; 0–10 m); Bastida-Zavala 2009: 538, Fig. 1 R (identification key for Tropical America); ten Hove & Kupriyanova 2009: 52 (worldwide serpulid checklist); Tovar-Hernández et al. 2009b: 328–330, Figs 3 j, 7d-f (fouling in Mazatlán, Sinaloa) ; Bastida-Zavala et al. 2013: 349 (Oaxaca, checklist); Morales de Anda et al. 2014: 125 (Navidad Bay, Jalisco) ; Villalobos-Guerrero et al. 2014: 107 (Sinaloa, checklist).

not Hydroides brachyacantha /us sensu auctore. —records from Australia and Hawaii have been referred, respectively, to H. amri or H. cf. amri .

Material examined. 116 specimens.

Sonora: UMAR-Poly 711, 3 spec. (Puerto Peñasco, June 15, 1981, coll. SSV et al.).

Michoacán: UMAR-Poly 712, 2 spec. (Caleta de Campos, on sabellariid tubes, December 17, 1994, coll. RBZ).

Guerrero: UMAR-Poly 713 (Manzanillo, Zihuatanejo , on Pocillopora damicornis , 5–7 m, December 4, 2011, coll. ALP); UMAR-Poly 714 (La Roqueta, Acapulco, on sabellariid tubes, May 25, 2000, coll. SSV et al.); UMAR-Poly 715, 3 spec. (Los Cantiles-La Quebrada, Acapulco, on oyster, May 26, 2000, coll. AM).

Oaxaca: UMAR-POLY 716, 5 spec. ( Corralero Lagoon , on rocks, March 22–23, 2010, coll. FAG); UMAR- POLY 717, 2 spec. (Chacahua Lagoon, on rock, April 3, 2008) ; UMAR-POLY 718, 5 spec. ( Agua Blanca Beach , rocks, intertidal, April 27, 2012, coll. OCR & MHP); UMAR-POLY 722, 21 spec. (Mazunte, on Pocillopora damicornis , 8 m, August 11, 2010, coll. ALP & RZV, id. FAG); UMAR-POLY 723 (San Agustinillo, on mollusc shell, May 11, 2013, coll. and id. AGM et al.); UMAR-POLY 719 (Camarón Beach, on coral, April 20, 2013, coll. RXP & VAR); UMAR-POLY 720, 4 spec. (same, rocks, intertidal, May 12, 2013, coll. and id. AGM et al.); UMAR-POLY 721 (same, rocks, May 18, 2013, coll. LLR et al.); UMAR-Poly 724 (Panteón Beach, Puerto Ángel, 10 m, November 23, 2005, coll. GRC); UMAR-POLY 725, 2 spec. (same, on rock, May 17, 2009) ; UMAR-POLY 726, 15 spec. (Puerto Ángel, pier and beach, May 20, 2007, coll. FCC & SRH); UMAR-POLY 727, 7 spec. (same, on rocks, May 15, 2010, coll. FAG); UMAR-POLY 728 ( Estacahuite , sta. 3-negro, on Pocillopora damicornis , 6 m, March 26, 2010, coll. ALP & RZV, id. FAG); UMAR-POLY 729, 11 spec. (same, rocks, intertidal, June 2, 2012, coll. MTM & AVB); UMAR-POLY 730, 6 spec. (La Tijera Beach, 3 m, April 30, 2005, coll. RBZ & GRC); UMAR-POLY 731-OH, 2 spec. (same, no more data, coll. Alejandra Hernández); UMAR-POLY 732 (El Arrocito Beach, Huatulco, July 4, 2007) ; UMAR-POLY 733, 4 spec. (Salchi Bay, Huatulco , sta. 3, on Pocillopora damicornis , 9 m, March 26, 2010, coll. ALP); UMAR-Poly 734, 6 spec. (La Entrega Beach, Huatulco, on coral, 2– 3 m, May 23, 2000, coll. SSV et al.); UMAR-POLY 735, 9 spec. ( Salina Cruz , angler pier, main dock, sta. 4, 1 m, May 26, 2011, coll. SGM et al.); UMAR-POLY 736 (Punta Colorada, Puerto Escondido, rocks, intertidal, May 18, 2012, coll. AWA et al.).

Habitat. Intertidal to subtidal. On sabellariid tubes, rocks and from angler pier (from Salina Cruz , Oaxaca). Also on rock and sand bottoms, on dead coral ( Pocillopora damicornis ) and on spiny oyster Spondylus calcifer Carpenter (now S. limbatus G.B. Sowerby II) (Bastida-Zavala 2008).

Distribution. Temperate and Tropical Eastern Pacific. Southern California ( USA) to Ecuador. Bastida-Zavala & ten Hove (2003) questioned the circum (sub) tropical distribution as given in the literatura, and in the meantime the Australian and Hawaiian records have been attributed to a different taxon. However, Hydroides brachyacantha sensu stricto was recorded on the hull of a German tall ship upon arrival in Sydney, Australia ( Lewis et al. 2006).

Remarks. Hydroides brachyacantha was not commonly occurring on anthropogenic substrates, some specimens were found only in two samples on angler’s piers, from Oaxaca; however, the species was relatively abundant. In general, Hydroides brachyacantha is the most frequent and abundant Hydroides species in the Tropical Eastern Pacific, except for H. elegans , that is present in fouling communities in even larger numbers.

Ten Hove (In: Lewis et al. 2006: 669) identified in 1990 one adult specimens of Hydroides brachyacantha sensu stricto (co-occurring with Spirobranchus minutus ), obtained from scrapings of the tall ship “Gorch Fock” that arrived to Sydney Harbor after an almost three weeks stay in Acapulco, Guerrero; with this record ten Hove gave evidence for trans-Pacific transport by ship fouling. Sun et al. (2015) revised the genus Hydroides from Australia, including several specimens previously identified as H. brachyacantha for which they erected the new species H. amri , and confirm that H. brachyacantha is not present in Australia, except the ten Hove record (Sun et al. 2015: 19).

In the case of Hydroides brachyacantha from Hawaii ( Straughan 1969; Bailey-Brock 1976; 1987; Bastida- Zavala & ten Hove 2003), the specimens (some revised in Bastida-Zavala & ten Hove 2003) agree with the description of H. amri (see above H. cf. amri ). Lakshmana Rao (1969) recorded H. brachyacantha from some harbours of India; however, is need revise the specimens for the correct determination.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Study area. The Tropical Eastern Pacific, Southern California and Hawaii, with main geographical names mentioned in text.

FIGURE 2. Distribution of the sabellids Branchiomma bairdi, Megalomma carunculata, Parasabella pallida and Pseudobranchiomma punctata in the Tropical Eastern Pacific, Southern California and Hawaii.

FIGURE 3. Distribution of Ficopomatus uschakovi, Crucigera websteri, Hydroides cf. amri, H. brachyacantha and H. crucigera.

FIGURE 4. Distribution of Hydroides deleoni, H. dirampha, H. elegans and H. gairacensis..

FIGURE 5. Distribution of Hydroides glandifera, H. humilis, H. inermis and H. ochotereana

FIGURE 6. Distribution of Hydroides panamensis, H. sanctaecrucis, H. similis and H. trompi.

FIGURE 7. Distribution of and Pomatostegus kroyeri, Protula balboensis, Pseudovermilia occidentalis and Pyrgopolon ctenactis.

FIGURE 8. Distribution of Spirobranchus incrassatus, S. minutus, Vermiliopsis multiannulata and Salmacina tribranchiata.

FIGURE 9. Gross scheme of the likely routes followed by introduced sabellids and serpulids: 1) Branchiomma bairdi, Crucigera websteri, Hydroides elegans, H. gairacensis, H. salazarvallejoi, H. sanctaecrucis, Pseudovermilia multispinosa and Pyrgopolon ctenactis; 2) Protula balboensis and Spirobranchus minutus; 3) Parasabella pallida, H. dirampha and H. elegans; 4) Ficopomatus miamiensis; 5) H. crucigera; 6) Pseudobranchiomma punctata; 7) F. miamiensis; 8) B. bairdi, H. elegans (?), H. gairacensis and H. sanctaecrucis; 9) Ficopomatus uschakovi.

FIGURE 11. Serpulids in the Tropical Eastern Pacific. A. Hydroides cf. amri, operculum and detail of verticil spine (modified of Bastida-Zavala & ten Hove 2003); B. H. brachyacantha, operculum; C. H. crucigera, operculum; D. H. deleoni, operculum; E. H. dirampha, operculum; F – G. H. elegans, sclerotized operculum in aboral view and fleshy operculum in lateral view; H. H. gairacensis, operculum; I. H. glandifera, operculum; J. H. humilis, operculum.