Spirobranchus incrassatus Krøyer

Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez, León-González, Jesús Angel De, Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea & Carmona, Isabel, 2016, New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific, Zootaxa 4184 (3), pp. 401-457 : 434-435

Spirobranchus incrassatus Krøyer [in] Mörch, 1863

( Figures 8 , 13 G)

Spirobranchus incrassatus Krøyer [in] Mörch, 1863: 405, pl. 11, Figs 21–23. Type locality: Pacific of Colombia, on Margaritifera sp. (now Pinctada sp.).

Spirobranchus incrassatus .— Ehlers 1887: 294–295, pl. 57, Fig. 16; pl. 58, Fig. 1–5 (Acapulco, Guerrero); Bush 1905: 236, pl. 34, fig. 24, pl. 37, Figs 25, 34 (Gulf of California, on Margaritifera sp., now Pinctada sp.); Rioja 1941b: 738 (Acapulco, Guerrero, on rocks); Steinbeck & Ricketts 1941: 367–369 (Cabo San Lucas, Baja California Sur; encrusting on rocks); Rioja 1942: 132–133, Figs 22–31 (Acapulco, Guerrero; description of juvenile specimens); Rioja 1947a: 216 (Topolobampo, Sinaloa, on rocks and shells); Salazar-Vallejo 1989b: 200 (Mexican coasts, checklist); Gómez et al. 1997: 1071 (Puerto Ángel Beach, Tangolunda Beach and Cacaluta Beach, Oaxaca, on rocks and coral); Fiege & ten Hove 1999: 362–363, Fig. 4 ( Spirobranchus incrassatus as part of S. giganteus complex sensu stricto); Salazar-Vallejo & Londoño- Mesa 2004: 56 (Tropical Eastern Pacific, checklist); Bastida-Zavala 2008: 49, Figs 12 C-E (Baja California Sur, Sinaloa, Colima, Guerrero and Oaxaca; 4–17 m); Bastida-Zavala 2009: 542, Fig. 4 F (identification key for Tropical America); ten Hove & Kupriyanova 2009: 98 (worldwide serpulid checklist); Bastida-Zavala et al. 2013: 349 (Oaxaca, checklist); Morales de Anda et al. 2014: 126 (Navidad Bay, Jalisco); Villalobos-Guerrero et al. 2014: 107 (Sinaloa, checklist).

Spirobranchus giganteus (not Pallas, 1766).— Monro 1933b: 1080 ( Taboga Island and Perlas Islands , Panamá; Gorgona Island , Colombia; Santiago [ James ], Floreana [ Charles ] and Isabela [ Albemarle ] Islands , Galápagos, on pier floats, coral, shorepools in lava, fine gravel in pools; 0–7 m) ; Rioja 1963: 220 (Mazatlán, Sinaloa; Zihuatanejo, Guerrero; and Ballena Island, Baja California Sur) ; ten Hove 1970: 16–18, Figs 46–47, 58–59, 61–62 (synonymized several records of S. incrassatus from the Tropical Eastern Pacific); Kudenov 1980: 123 (Cabo Pulmo Reef, Baja California Sur) ; Salazar-Vallejo 1989b: 200 (Mexican coasts, checklist); Bastida-Zavala 1995: 25–26 ( Cabo Pulmo Reef , Baja California Sur , on coral; 4–17 m); López-García et al. 1997: 66 ( Coiba Island , Panamá, on live corals as Porites lobata Dana ); Gotshall 1998: 91, Fig. 26 (field guide of the Gulf of California ) ; Salazar-Vallejo & Londoño-Mesa 2004: 56 (Tropical Eastern Pacific, checklist); Kerstitch & Bertsch 2007: 38, Fig. 62 (field guide of the Gulf of California) ; Villalobos-Guerrero et al. 2014: 107 (Sinaloa, checklist).

Spirobranchus giganteus corniculatus (not Grube, 1862).— Hernández-Alcántara et al. 2003: 9 (Socorro Island; Ballena Island and Espíritu Santo Island, Baja California Sur, checklist); Salazar-Vallejo & Londoño-Mesa 2004: 56 (Tropical Eastern Pacific, checklist).

Spirobranchus spinosus (not Moore, 1923).— Salcedo-Martínez et al. 1988: 84 (Zihuatanejo, Guerrero; 2–9 m); Rodríguez Cajiga 1993: 502 (Barra de Navidad, Jalisco).

Material examined. 18 specimens.

Baja California Sur: UANL 7898, 8 spec. ( Puerto Escondido , sta. 2: 25°48’53.1”N, 111°18’40.5”W, April 2, 2011, coll. JAL & ARB) ; UANL 7899 ( Puerto Escondido , sta. 3: 25°48’51.7”N, 111°18’41.2”W, April 2, 2011, coll. JAL & ARB) ; UANL 7900 ( Marina de La Paz , sta. 1: 24°09’17.7”N, 110°19’32.3”W, April 3, 2011, coll. JAL & ARB, as Spirobranchus sp.).

Oaxaca: UMAR-POLY 807, 8 spec. (Puerto Ángel, pier, May 20, 2007, coll. FCC & SRH); UMAR-POLY 808, 3 spec. (La India Beach, Huatulco, on Spondylus calcifer [now S. limbatus ], December 3, 2005, coll. JHB); UMAR-POLY 809 (Conejos Bay, Huatulco, June 11, 2005, coll. JHB & GNL).

Habitat. Intertidal to subtidal (17 m, Bastida-Zavala 1995). Most specimens revised here were from anthropogenic substrates in marinas and ports (from La Paz and Puerto Escondido, Baja California Sur, and from Puerto Ángel, Oaxaca). However, previously it was found on live ( Porites lobata ) and dead coral ( Pocillopora verrucosa ), on spiny oyster Spondylus limbatus and Pinctada , on rock pools, and on pier piles (Bastida-Zavala 2008). Fouling species.

Distribution. Tropical Eastern Pacific. Baja California Sur ( México) to Panamá and Colombia (Krøyer [in] Mörch 1863; Ehlers 1887; ten Hove 1970; Bastida-Zavala 1995).

Remarks. Spirobranchus incrassatus was found both in natural and anthropogenic substrates. It is a fouling species with the potential to be introduced to other tropical regions by ships. The species was confused several times with S. giganteus , a Caribbean species (see remarks in Bastida-Zavala 2008).

Hernández-Alcántara et al. (2003: 9) list Treadwell’s (1914) record of Spirobranchus quadricornis ( Grube, 1878) from Santa Catalina Island, Baja California Sur; however, this is a mistake, the record of Treadwell (1914) corresponds to Avalon, in Santa Catalina Island, Southern California, and the material most likely belongs to S. spinosus .

Figures

FIGURE 1. Study area. The Tropical Eastern Pacific, Southern California and Hawaii, with main geographical names mentioned in text.

FIGURE 2. Distribution of the sabellids Branchiomma bairdi, Megalomma carunculata, Parasabella pallida and Pseudobranchiomma punctata in the Tropical Eastern Pacific, Southern California and Hawaii.

FIGURE 3. Distribution of Ficopomatus uschakovi, Crucigera websteri, Hydroides cf. amri, H. brachyacantha and H. crucigera.

FIGURE 4. Distribution of Hydroides deleoni, H. dirampha, H. elegans and H. gairacensis..

FIGURE 5. Distribution of Hydroides glandifera, H. humilis, H. inermis and H. ochotereana

FIGURE 8. Distribution of Spirobranchus incrassatus, S. minutus, Vermiliopsis multiannulata and Salmacina tribranchiata.

FIGURE 12. Serpulids in the Mexican Pacific. A. Hydroides inermis, operculum; B – C. H. ochotereana, operculum and spine; D. H. panamensis, operculum; E. H. sanctaecrucis, operculum; F. H. similis, operculum; G. H. trompi, operculum; H. Pomatostegus kroyeri, operculum.

FIGURE 13. Serpulids in the Mexican Pacific. A – B. Protula balboensis, body and specimen in the tube; C. Pseudovermilia occidentalis, operculum; D. Pyrgopolon ctenactis, operculum; E – F. Salmacina tribranchiata, operculum and colony on rock; G. Spirobranchus incrassatus, operculum; H. S. minutus, operculum; I. Vermiliopsis multiannulata, operculum with broken tip.