Atypophthalmus (Atypophthalmus) Brunetti, 1911

Podenas, Sigitas, Podeniene, Virginija, Seo, Hong-Yul, Kim, A-Young, Park, Sun-Jae, Byun, Hye-Woo, Kim, Heung-Chul & Aukštikalnienė, Rasa, 2017, Limoniinae crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) new to Korea II, Journal of Species Research 6 (3), pp. 258-279 : 262

Atypophthalmus (Atypophthalmus) Brunetti, 1911

Atypophthalmus Brunetti, 1911: 273 .

Atypophthalmus (Atypophthalmus) Geiger, 1986: 53 . Type species - Atypophthalmus holopticus Brunetti, 1911 (monotypic).

General: Medium-sized crane flies, body length 4.5-7.5 mm.

Head: Eyes large, nearly reaching each other along dorsal margin. Antenna simple, flagellomeres oval, covered with short pubescence.

Wing: With indistinct darkening along cross-veins and at vein branching points, without macrotrichiae in cells. Stigma distinct. Vein Sc long, Sc 1 reaching from middle to two-thirds of radial sector (Rs), Sc 2 at tip of Sc 1. Radial sector medium-long, arched or angulated and short-spurred at base. Free tip of R 1 indistinct, nearly missing, R 2 transverse, at or slightly beyond tip of R 1. Discal cell closed, elongate. Basal deflection of CuA 1 at or slightly beyond base of discal cell. Anal lobe widely rounded.

Legs: Claw with subbasal spine.

Genitalia: Gonocoxite of male genitalia usually with small setose lobules, tubercles or densely setose areas in addition to ventro-mesal lobe. Inner gonostylus split into few lobes. Paramere complicated. Penis large, extending beyond distal margin of gonocoxite, sometimes even reaching middle of gonostylus, tip shallowly bifid. Ninth sternite reduced. Ovipositor comparatively short, sclerotized. Cercus distinctly arched, tip pointed upwards.

Larvae and pupae: Described only for A. (A.) inustus ( Meigen, 1818) ( Krivosheina, Krivosheina, 2011) .

Larvae: White, elongate. Spiracular lobes inconspicuous. Spiracular field with one pair (ventral) of fusiform sclerites. Spiracle oblong and oblique. Head capsule oval, depressed dorsoventrally and slightly reduced. Caudal end of head capsule tridentate and internolaterally fused with frontoclypeus. Clypeus consists of two parts: preclypeus and postclypeus. Labrum membranous with groups of hair-like structures on lateral and ventral sides. Posterior end of labrum conical. Mandible large, heavily sclerotized with well-developed three apical teeth. Ventral margin with three smaller teeth. Maxilla well developed, sclerotized at the base and setose at the apex, cardo large with long seta on posterior part and two short setae on anterior part. Hypostomal plate heavily sclerotized with very deep incision. Hypostoma with eleven teeth. Hypopharynx and prementum dentate.

Pupae: Yellowish brown. Cephalic crest and mesonotal spines absent. III-VII abdominal segments with dorsal creeping welts. Abdominal segments IV-VII with ventral creeping welts. Sheaths of legs reaching middle of fifth abdominal segment. Surface of abdominal segments smooth, spineless. Prothoracic horns large, elongate, flattened laterally and widely rounded apically.

Elevation range in Korea: Sea level to nearly 1,100 m.

Bionomics: Larvae and pupae develop in rotten wood of various deciduous trees. Adults attracted to light sources.

Distribution: 46 species belong to this subgenus. Most species occur in Afrotropics (28 species), while fewer occur in the Oriental (8), Australian/Oceanian (8) Regions East Palearctic (4), West Palearctic (3) and Neotropics (1) ( Oosterbroek, 2017). One species is likely an introduced species in the Nearctic (J. Gelhaus, pers. comm.).