Pygoluciola satoi, Ballantyne, 2008

Ballantyne, L. A., 2008, Pygoluciola Satoi, A New Species Of The Rare Southeast Asian Firefly Genus Pygoluciola Wittmer (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae) From The Philippines, Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 56 (1), pp. 1-9 : 4-7

Pygoluciola satoi , new species

( Figs. 3–9 )

Material examined. – Holotype. Male, the Philippines. Mindanao: Agko , Mount Apo , 1,000 m, 4 Oct.1978, coll. Shinji Naga ( ZRC) . Paratypes. 2 males, 1 female, same data as holotype. The

Philippines, Mindanao : 1 female Baracatan , 1,500 m, 27–29 Jun.1979, coll. M. Satô ; 1 male, Gasy, 700 m, South Cotabato Pv. , 13 Aug.1985, coll. M. Satô ; 1 male, Tudaya-Mainit Hot Springs , 27 Jul.1970, coll. M. Satô ( ZRC) .

Distinguishing features. – Distinguished from P. guigliae and P. stylifer , both of which have curved tibiae on all legs, by the straight tibiae; from P. wittmeri and P. kinabalua , both of which have a pronounced emargination at the tip of the MPP, by the lack of such an emargination; from P. hamulata by the very slender MPP which is not expanded at its apex (that of hamulata is expanded and the posterior face is shallowly depressed),and from all other species by the elevations along the mid dorsal surface of the MPP.

Male. – 8.8–10.2 mm long. Dorsal surface of pronotum yellowish, semitransparent, with median paired brown markings (dark brown in two males, pale brown in two), which widen posteriorly and have straight lateral margins ( Fig. 3 ); fat body retracted from anterior margin of pronotum and this area may appear slightly paler because of the semitransparent cuticle; MS whitish yellow (considerable fat body underlies the cuticle), MN very light brown; elytra medium brown, semitransparent, suture narrowly yellow almost to apex and punctures very dark brown ( Fig. 4 ); head, antennae and palpi quite dark brown except for reddish brown frons and labrum, and paler red brown FS 7–9; ventral surface of pro and mesothorax yellow – orange and semitransparent; metasternum dark brown (semitransparent; underlying muscle may enhance this colour), metepipleural plates yellow; legs with coxae, trochanters and femora yellow (legs 1 have brown area on anterior face of femora), tibiae and tarsi dark brown; basal ventrites semitransparent; V2 yellow; V3 mid brown; V4 brown, V5 darker brown than V4; light organ in V6 yellow with posterior margin very narrowly paler; yellow light organ restricted to anterior (wider) half of V7 and retracted from the lateral margins which are a pale brown; light organ in V6 with narrowly posterior margin; light organ in V7 with fine pale margin, yellow portion in posterior median area is slightly emarginated; paler posterior (narrower) half of V7 light yellowish brown; tergites yellow semitransparent, terminal 2 shinier than preceding.

Pronotum: ( Fig. 3 ) 2.5–2.8 mm wide; 1.3–1.5 mm long; width/length = 2.0; 1/7 as long as whole body length; width across posterior margin slightly less than width across outer margins of elytral humeri (elytra closed); median anterior margin rounded, barely projecting beyond anterolateral corners; anterolateral corners angulate, acutely rounded, and

THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2008

not projecting anteriorly beyond the median anterior margin; lateral pronotal margins diverge along their length, more strongly so in anterior 1/3, with no sinuousity at mid point; posterolateral corners angulate acute, angle is subtended obliquely to the median line of the pronotum, corners barely projecting beyond the median posterior margin, and delimited from the rest of the medianly shallowly emarginate posterior margin by shallow emarginations; dorsal surface of pronotum mainly fairly smooth and flat, irregular small low tubercles in posterolateral areas; very flat in anteromedian area (which lacks a median sulcus) this area followed by a small shallow depression; areas beneath dark markings are slightly convex.

Elytra: ( Fig. 4 ) 7.0–8.7 mm long; two inner (closer to suture) interstitial lines apunctate, paler than rest and laterally defined by punctures but not as well elevated as the suture, remaining two lines faintly defined; margins sub-parallel-sided in anterior 2/3, tapering slightly in posterior 1/3; when elytra closed sutural margins are separate slightly in apical 1/3; with specimen horizontal and viewed from above the most anterior visible portion of the lateral epipleuron is visible just behind the anterolateral humeral corner and in front of the posterior margin of the MS; when viewed from beneath (specimen horizontal), the epipleuron at base covers the elytral humerus which is thus not visible from beneath.

twice ASW; when head is held so labrum is horizontal the clypeolabral suture is well in front of the anterior eye margins; labrum transverse, lateral margins reaching inner edges of mandibles. Mouthparts well developed and assumed functional. Antennae 11 segmented; about twice as long as GHW.

Legs: no segments swollen or curved.

Abdomen ( Figs 5 , 6 ): with a faint short median carina on V2 between bases of coxae 3. Light organs: entire and occupying all of V6; entire in V7, restricted to the anterior wider portion, where it reaches the anterior margin but not the sides, posterior margin of light organ appears to have a short medial emargination, which occurs only in the central yellowed portion. Posterolateral corners of V7 obliterated and lateral margins converge posteriorly; MPP elongate and slender, longitudinally shallowly excavated on its ventral surface, apically entire and bearing two median dorsal projections which are visible from the side; tergites 7 and 8 retain their shape and are smooth, shiny, and still elevated in pinned specimens (due to heavier sclerotisation), while the remaining more anterior tergites are shrivelled and flat; tergite 8 with posterolateral corners of anterior (wider) half curving ventrally; apex of tergite 8 entire and rounded.

Head: 2/3 of head is retracted into the prothoracic cavity but still visible from above in repose ( Fig. 3 ); vertex moderately depressed; GHW 1.5–1.8 mm; SIW 0.4mm; SIW/GHW 0.22– 0.27; antennal sockets separated by more than ASW but not Aedeagal sheath: ( Fig. 9 ; 2 / 4 males dissected); sternite 9 with anterior 2/3 elongate slender, and slightly expanded and rounded at its tip, posterior 1/3 much broader, about as wide as long with posterior margin medially emarginated (rounded areas along posterior margin curve slightly upwards); anterior margin of sheath tergite medially emarginate; a narrow well sclerotised transverse plate appears loosely attached at its sides to the lateral margins of the sheath; its precise origin is not known but it may be an anterior portion of the sheath tergite that has separated slightly (this was obvious in the two dissected males).

Aedeagus: ( Fig. 8); ML about half as long as LL and apex narrowed, rounded; LL separated for almost all of their length dorsally; LL pale, basal 1/3 well sclerotised, and anterior dorsal margin produced asymmetrically, apical 2/3 pale, fleshy and not sclerotised, bearing hairs along most of their lateral margins, more densely so in basal 1/3.

Female. – 9.5 mm long; body 3.4 mm wide across widest point of closed elytra. Only differences to the male are noted.

Macropterous and assumed capable of flight; dorsal colouration as for male; ventral colouration as for male except for light organ material confined to V6, pale anterolateral elevated areas on V7 have fat body material beneath, and V5 dark brown with anterolateral corners a little pale.

Pronotum: 1.4 mm long, 2.6 mm wide; pronotum 1/6 – 1/7 as long as whole body; median anterior margin rounded, not projecting either beyond or behind the angulate obtuse anterolateral corners, and separated from them by rounded shallow emarginations; lateral margins divergent posteriorly; posterolateral corners angulate acute (angle is slightly larger that that of the male), projecting posteriorly as far as the medianly emarginated posterior margin and separated from it by shallow emarginations.

Head: is visible narrowly in front of the anterior pronotal margin in both females; GHW 1.5 mm; SIW 0.4 mm; ASD slightly> ASW; head barely depressed between eyes.

Legs: tibiae straight; no femora swollen or curved.

Abdomen: ( Fig. 7 ; one female dissected) with posterior margin of V7 evenly and moderately deeply emarginated; posterolateral corners acute and narrow, projecting posteriorly beyond the median posterior margin of V7 by their width; ventral surface of V7 lacking any median ridges or troughs (surface here smooth); most of lateral areas and posterolateral corners occupied by paired irregular elevations (fat body is clustered beneath and these areas appear paler); anterior half of V8 narrowed and prolonged anteriorly beneath V7, prolonged portion darker, not much shorter than posterior expanded portion; V8 with a very narrow and shallow median posterior emargination; all of tergite 7 and 8 well sclerotised, dark, shiny and maintain a convex outline (convexity not limited to any section) while the remainder of the tergites are flat and shrivelled; posterior margin of tergite 7 evenly rounded; anterior margin of tergite 7 is elevated above the more anterior, dried and flattened tergites.

Female genitalia: Conform to those described in Ballantyne & Lambkin (2006).

Bursa structure: The only structures seen in a softened and partially cleared preparation of the genitalia, and what remained of the reproductive system, are a pair of anteriorly directed hooks lying between the anterior portion of the valvifers and assumed to be bursa hooks.

Etymology. – The species is named for its collector the late Dr Masataka Satô, in appreciation of a life dedicated to pursuit of knowledge in entomology and fireflies in particular.

Elytra: 7.4–8.1 mm long; elytral margins subparallel sided in anterior 2/3, converging gently in posterior 1/3; maximum width across elytra 3.4 mm.

THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2008

Figures

Fig. 3. Pygoluciola satoi, new species: dorsal head and pronotum.

Fig. 4. Pygoluciola satoi, new species: dorsal whole body.

Fig. 5. Pygoluciola satoi new species. Features of males: left, male abdomen, ventral; top right ventrite 7 dorsal face; bottom right dorsal tergites 5–8; 1, light organ ventrite 6; 2, light organ ventrite 7; 3, area of attachment of dorso-ventral muscles from ventrite 7 to tergite 7; 4, attachment area on tergite 7 of 3; 5, downturned lateral areas of tergite 8; 6, tergite 7; 7, tergite 8; 8, 9 posterior (9) and anterior (8) median projections on dorsal surface of MPP. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 6. Pygoluciola satoi, new species, male abdomen, lateral (dorsal surface to top of page and abdominal apex to right): 1, light organ ventrite 6; 2, light organ ventrite 7; 4, attachment area on tergite 7 of 3; 6, tergite 7; 7, tergite 8; 8, 9 posterior (9) and anterior (8) median projections on dorsal surface of MPP. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig.7. Pygoluciola satoi, new species, female abdomen:left ventrites 4–8; right tergites 6–8; 1, light organ ventrite 6; 6, tergite 7; 7, tergite 8; 10, elevated areas on ventrite 7; 11, ventrite 8. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 9. Pygoluciola satoi, new species, aedeagal sheath: 3, sternite; 4, plate associated with sheath tergite; 5, tergite; 6, lateral arms of tergite. Scale bar = 1 mm.