Panthera pardus (Linnaeus 1758)

Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Carnivora, Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 532-628 : 547

Panthera pardus (Linnaeus 1758)

[Felis] pardus Linnaeus 1758 , Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1: 41 .

Type Locality: "Indiis", fixed by Thomas (1911 a:135), as " Egypt "; see discussion by Pocock (1930) .

Vernacular Names: Leopard.

Subspecies: :

Subspecies Panthera pardus subsp. pardus Linnaeus 1758

Subspecies Panthera pardus subsp. delacouri Pocock 1930

Subspecies Panthera pardus subsp. fusca Meyer 1794

Subspecies Panthera pardus subsp. japonensis J. E. Gray 1862

Subspecies Panthera pardus subsp. kotiya Deraniyagala 1956

Subspecies Panthera pardus subsp. melas G. Cuvier 1809

Subspecies Panthera pardus subsp. nimr Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1833

Subspecies Panthera pardus subsp. orientalis Schlegel 1857

Distribution: Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Arabia, Armenia, Botswana, Burma, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, China, Dem. Rep. Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, India, Indonesia (Java), Iran, Iraq, Kenya, Liberia, Laos, Malawi, Malaysia, Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Niger, Nigeria, North and South Korea, Pakistan, Republic of Congo, Russia, Saudia Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Tanzania, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Vietnam, Zambia, Zimbabwe.

Conservation: CITES – Appendix I; U.S. ESA – Endangered (except in Africa, in the wild, south of, and including Gabon, Republic of Congo, Dem. Rep. Congo, Uganda, and Kenya, where this species is Threatened). IUCN – Critically Endangered as P. p. nimr, P. p. orientalis , P. p. panthera , and P. p. tulliana, Endangered as P. p. japonensis , P. p. kotiya, P. p. melas, and P. p. saxicolor, otherwise Least Concern.

Discussion: Placed in Panthera by Pocock (1930 a, b), Weigel (1961), Hemmer (1978), Kratochvíl (1982 c), and Groves (1982 a). Revised by Pocock (1930 a, b, 1932 c) and Miththapala et al. (1996). Synonyms allocated according to Miththapala et al. (1996).