Phytoliriomyza arctica (Lundbeck)

Lonsdale, Owen, 2021, Manual of North American Agromyzidae (Diptera, Schizophora), with revision of the fauna of the " Delmarva " states, ZooKeys 1051, pp. 1-481 : 1

Phytoliriomyza arctica (Lundbeck)

Figs 126 , 127 , 693-698

Agromyza arctica Lundbeck, 1900: 304.

Phytobia (Icteromyza) arctica . Hendel, 1931: 57; Frick 1952a: 393.

Phytoliriomyza arctica . Shewell, 1953: 469; Frick 1957: 204 [lectotype designation], 1959: 414; Spencer 1969: 202; Spencer and Steyskal 1986b: 154; Černý et al. 2020: 213.

Odinia immaculata . Misidentification. Coquillett 1902: 185.

Description

(Figs 126 , 127 , 693 ). Wing length 1.6-1.9 mm (♂), 1.9-2.2 mm (♀). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section: 1.5-1.7. Eye height divided by gena height: 2.6-3.8. Eye minutely pilose. Vein r-m near basal 1/3 of cell dm. Frons soft medially and with broad groove surrounding well-sclerotised tubercle.

Chaetotaxy: One ori; two ors. Orbital setulae proclinate. Postocellar and ocellar setae well-developed. Four dorsocentrals, one presutural, anterior two dorsocentrals smaller. Very few acrostichal setulae in two scattered rows anteriorly; intra-alar setulae similarly reduced.

Colouration: Frons brownish, never light yellow, but sometimes fading to light yellow or yellow laterally; lateral margin with whitish pruinosity; ocellar tubercle dark brown; back of head brown; first flagellomere lightly to darkly infuscated on outer face on basal 2/3-3/4 or less with pigment fading anteroventrally, and dorsal margin often more darkly and more extensively infuscated, but sometimes mostly dark with venter yellow; remainder of head light yellow with clypeus dark brown, and face (sometimes lightly infuscated along midline) and parafacial paler. Notum dark, densely covered with grey pruinosity that may become more coppery posteriorly; notopleuron and postpronotum sometimes with pale mottling or faint yellow tint, but sometimes bright yellow with yellow stripe continuing along side of scutum to posterior margin. Metanotum brown with mediotergite darker and katatergite and anatergite sometimes yellowish to light yellow. Pleuron dark with lighter pruinosity, usually with dorsal margin of katepisternum (rarely including base of seta) and meron yellowish to yellow, and often at least with dorsum of anepisternum and anepimeron yellow; pigment variably faded, sometimes with most of anepisternum and anepimeron yellow, excluding limited ventral brown markings. Apical surface of halter light brown, but pigment sometimes faint to indistinct. Calypter margin and hairs brown. Legs varying from mostly brown to mostly yellow, but at least brown on base of coxae (most extensive on hind leg), femora with faint dorsal mottling (sometimes indistinct on mid and hind legs), and tibiae and tarsi brown; legs sometimes almost entirely brown to dark brown with distal 2/3 of fore femur yellow, and mid and hind femora yellow apically with additional extensive yellow(ish) mottling. Abdomen brown to dark brown with lateral margin of tergites often narrowly to widely yellow, but sometimes mostly yellow with only dorsomedial stripe and epandrium light brown to brown (ovipositor always dark brown).

Genitalia: (Figs 694-698 ) Surstylus directed inwards, angled anteriorly, subtriangular with shallow posterobasal process, setulose. Subepandrial sclerite with one pair of anteriorly directed arms and with broader posteriorly directed process at midpoint; seta on narrow membrane between arm and process; arms meet above cerci as clear bilobate plate. Hypandrium narrow and elongate distally with wide inner membrane along length and one pair of basal setulae on each lobe. Postgonite lobate, apically bifid and with two setulae. Basiphallus long and narrow with one pair of basally joined sclerites. Mesophallus and paraphallus not evident. Hypophallus small, membranous. Distiphallus clear, extremely long and flagellate, with base stouter and slightly more sclerotised. Ejaculatory apodeme small with short, wide blade and narrow stalk; venter of sperm pump dark.

Distribution.

Greenland. North America. Europe. Iran, South Korea ( Černý et al. 2020). Taiwan. Sri Lanka. Brazil. Chile.

Hosts.

Asteraceae - Crepis , Lapsana , Solidago , Sonchus ( Spencer and Steyskal 1986b; Spencer 1990).

Type material.

Lectotype: Denmark: Greenland (1♂, ZMUC). [Not examined]

Paralectotype: Canada. AB: Aweme, J.M. Aldrich, 11.x.1916 (2♀, USNM), 19.ix.1916 (2♀, USNM), Kushla, iv.1915, A.H. Sturtevant (1♀, USNM), Elkwater, 12.vi.1956, O. Peck, CNC479918, CNC479933 (1♂ 1♀, CNC), Orion, 49°28'N, 110°50'W, 6.vi.1955, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC391890 (1♀, CNC), Walsh, 2.viii.1927, [illegible], CNC391875 (1♂, CNC), BC: Kaslo, “17-7”, R.P. Currie (1♀, USNM), Creston, 8.v.1958, H.andA. Howden, CNC479938 (1♀, CNC), Ketchum L., 58°22'N, 131°45'W, 1097 m, dry sedge grass and moss bogs, 26.viii.1960, R. Pilfrey, CNC479941-479944 (4♀, CNC), W.W. Moss, CNC479940 (1♀, CNC), Kinbasket Lake, 10.vii.2010, Cooper Beauchesne and Assoc. Ltd., Malaise trap, BC Hydro drawdown study (00MRFTa15), CNC479964 (1♂, CNC), 21.vi.2008, (6RS09-15), CNC479965 (1♀, CNC), 29-30.vii.2009, (87MLRT01), CNC479966 (1♀, CNC), 4.vii.2010, (83MCOT01), (84MCOT15), (84MTRTa01), CNC479963, CNC479967-479969 (1♂ 3♀, CNC), Laird R. Hot Sprgs, 1725, 24.viii.1962, P.J. Skitsko, CNC479939 (1♀, CNC), Mt. Revelstoke, 1645 m, 13.viii.1952, G.J. Spencer, CNC479919, CNC479920 (2♂, CNC), Oliver, 13.v.1953, J.R. McGillis, CNC479937 (1♀, CNC), Trinity Valley, 29.vi.1937, H.B. Leech, CNC391896 (1♀, CNC), Vernon, 9.vi.1937, H. Leech, CNC391897 (1♀, CNC), MB: Aweme, 18.vii.1916, Aldrich, CNC391877 (1♂, CNC), Churchill, 58°46'N, 94°10'W, 21.vii.1952, J.G. Chillcott, Ecological data T-C 1, CNC_Diptera109368 (1♂, CNC), Farnworth Lake, near Churchill, 58°41'N, 94°3'W, 12.vi.1952, J.G. Chillcott, Ecological data F-DE, CNC_Diptera109363 (1♀, CNC), Fort Churchill, 58°46'N, 94°10'W, 10.vi.1952, J.G. Chillcott, Ecological data T-B 12, CNC_Diptera109364 (1♀, CNC), 20.vi.1952, J.G. Chillcott, Ecological data f-B 15, CNC_Diptera109365 (1♂, CNC), 21.vii.1952, J.G. Chillcott, Ecological data F-E 21, CNC_Diptera109367 (1♂, CNC), 3.vi.1952, C.D. Bird, "f-B 12" CNC_Diptera109378-109380 (1♂ 2♀, CNC), 5.viii.1952, J.G. Chillcott, Ecological data f-B 12, CNC_Diptera109366 (1♂, CNC), Mile 500, Hudson Bay Ry., 8.viii.1952, J.G. Chillcott, Ecological data F-H, along RR, CNC479932 (1♀, CNC), Treesbank, 27.viii.1915, N. Criddle, CNC391889 (1♀, CNC), NL: Lab. Hebron, taken on fungi, 9.viii.1954, J.F. McAlpine, CNC391853 (1♂, CNC), Labrador, Tessiujak, Nagvak Fjord, 15.viii.1954, J.F. McAlpine, CNC479922 (1♂, CNC), NT: Salmita Mines, 64°5'N, 111°15'W, 18.vi.1953, J.G. Chillcott, CNC391870 (1♀, CNC), NU: Bathurst Inl., N.W.T., Baychimo Harb., M.T.S. Gravity Survey Camp, 2.viii.1966, G.E. Shewell, CNC479936 (1♀, CNC), ON: Ancaster, 26.vi.1955, O. Peck, CNC391977 (1♂, CNC), Belleville, 3.vii.1950, J.C. Martin, CNC479930 (1♀, CNC), Marmora, marsh vegetation, 14.viii.1952, J.F. McAlpine, sweeping, CNC391976 (1♂, CNC), Normandale, 23.v.1956, J.R. Lonsway, CNC391978 (1♂, CNC), Ottawa, C.E.F., buckwheat, 18.vii.1951, O. Peck, sweeping, CNC391975 (1♂, CNC), Ottawa, Green Valley Motel, on Solidago , 10.vii.1967, K.A. Spencer, CNC391840, CNC391841, CNC391844, CNC391845 (4♂, CNC), 9.vii.1967, CNC391842, CNC391843 (2♂, CNC), Ottawa, Science Serv. Bldg., on window, 3.vii.1956, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC391972 (1♂, CNC), Ottawa, 12.vii.1964, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC391837 (1♀, CNC), 26.vii.1959, CNC391974 (1♂, CNC), 3.ix.1950, CNC479928 (1♀, CNC), 30.x.1956, CNC479929 (1♀, CNC), 31.x.1956, CNC391973 (1♂, CNC), damp second growth Acer - Betula wood, 4.vii.2003, CNC479927 (1♀, CNC), 9.viii.2000, CNC479972 (1♂, CNC), Strathroy, 12.vii.1916, Aldrich, CNC391893 (1♀, CNC), 5.vii.1916, Aldrich, CNC391876, CNC391892 (1♂,1♀, CNC), QC: Gatineau Pk., Harrington Lk., 30.v.1954, W.R. Coyles, CNC479931 (1♀, CNC), Great Whale River, 8.viii.1959, W.R.M. Mason, CNC391979 (1♂, CNC), Lac Brule, rugosa, 25.vii.1947, O. Peck, sweeping, CNC391895 (1♀, CNC), Wakefield, 9.vii.1946, A.R. Brooks, CNC391894 (1♀, CNC), SK: Indian Head, K. Ste[cut off], coll. 20.ix.19[??], CNC391888 (1♀, CNC), S of Moosomin Pipestone Creek, 50°2'N, 101°41'W, 570 m, prairie habitat, 2.vi.2007, Goulet, Boudreault and Fernendez, CNC315597 (1 ex, CNC), Saskatoon, 19.ix.1923, K.M. King, 16410, 5N11B, CNC391883 (1♀, CNC), 22.ix.1925, 16421, 30BS, CNC391881 (1♂, CNC), 25.v.1926, 16422, 63AN, CNC391880 (1♂, CNC), 26.v.1926, 16446, 63ASN, CNC391878 (1♂, CNC), 26.vii.1940, 16446G, 1330B, CNC391885, CNC391887 (2♀, CNC), 3.vi.1926, 16422, 64B, CNC391879 (1♂, CNC), 30.vi.1940, 16446G, 1327B, 2nd ser, CNC391886 (1♀, CNC), 9.v.1949, A.R. Brooks, CNC479917 (1♂, CNC), King, coll. 22.vii.19[??], 16446G, 1229B, CNC391884 (1♀, CNC), YT: Aklavik, 10.vi.1953, C.D. Bird, CNC391846 (1♂, CNC), Dawson, 14 mi E, 396 m, 3.viii.1962, P.J. Skitsko, CNC479935 (1♀, CNC), North Fork Crossing, Mi. 43 Peel Plt. Rd., 64°34'N, 138°15'W, 1067 m, 4.vii.1962, P.J. Skitsko, CNC_Diptera109369 (1♀, CNC), North Fork Pass, Ogilvie Mountains, 64°34'N, 138°15'W, 11.vi.1962, R.E. Leech, CNC_Diptera109370, CNC_Diptera109371 (1♂ 1♀, CNC), 12.vi.1962, CNC_Diptera109373-109376 (2♂ 2♀, CNC), 20.vi.1962, CNC_Diptera109372, CNC_Diptera109377 (1♂ 1♀, CNC), Otter Lake, 62°30'N, 130°25'W, 1219 m, 15.vii.1960, J.E.H. Martin, CNC391847 (1♂, CNC), Takhini Hot Sprgs., 731 m, 16.viii.1962, R.E. Leech, CNC479934 (1♀, CNC). Greenland. Sondrestrom Air Base, 28.vii.1952, W.J. Brown, CNC479923 (1♂, CNC), 7.viii.1952, CNC479948 (1♀, CNC), 8.viii.1952, CNC479925, CNC479926, CNC479949-479951 (2♂ 3♀, CNC), 9.viii.1952, CNC479924, CNC479952-479955 (1♂ 4♀, CNC), Acc. No. 71429, “type”, "6/9 1889", “Ipiüitat”, Sündbeck (1♂ 1♀, USNM, type No. 26953). England: Devon, Dawlish Warren, Pinus sylvestrus, 25.viii.1960, J.R. Vockeroth, sweeping, CNC391941-391971 (26♂ 5♀, CNC). Spain. Granada: N slope Veleta Sierra Nevada, 2400 m, 25.vii.1960, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC391872-391874 (3♀, CNC). USA. AK: Summit L., Isabella Pass, 3.viii.1951, Mason and McGillis, m-194, CNC391861 (1♀, CNC), Unalakleet, 18.vi.1961, R. Madge, CNC479959, CNC479960 (2♀, CNC), 19.vi.1961, R. Madge, CNC391854, CNC479956-479958, CNC479961 (2♂ 3♀, CNC), CA: Eldorado Co., Fallen Leaf, 3mi W, 1981 m, dry grassy meadow, 13.vii.1961, J.G. Chillcott, CNC479947 (1♀, CNC), Helendale, 18.v.1955, W.R. Richards, CNC479970 (1♂, CNC), Thousand Palms, 25.iii.1955, W.R.M. Mason, CNC479971 (1♂, CNC), CO: Hoosier Pass, 3657 m, 8.viii.1961, J.G. Chillcott, CNC391860 (1♀, CNC), Jackson Co., Rabbit Ears Pass, 7.vii.1961, J.G. Chillcott, CNC391852 (1♂, CNC), Mt. Evans, 4267 m, 25.vii.1961, B.H. Poole, CNC391839, CNC391855, CNC391856 (1♂ 2♀, CNC), J.G. Chillcott, CNC391838 (1♂, CNC), 1319 m, 8.viii.1973, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC479946 (1♀, CNC), Nederland, 2590 m, marshy stream margin, 2.vii.1961, J.G. Chillcott, CNC391857 (1♀, CNC), Niwot Ridge, nr. Ward, 3444 m, 28.vi.1961, C.H. Mann, CNC391858, CNC391859 (2♀, CNC), 3505 m, on tundra, 4.vii.1961, C.H. Mann, CNC391851 (1♂, CNC), Mt. Evans, 14,000', 25.vii.1961, J.G. Chillcott (1♀, USNM), GA: Rabun Bald, Rabun, alt. 4200', 16.vii.1957, J.G. Chillcott (1♀, USNM), ID: Moscow, 3.vii.1912, J.M. Aldrich (1♂, USNM), Michigan City, 29.vi.1915, J.M. Aldrich (1♀, USNM), Lafayette, 10.vi.1915, J.M. Aldrich (1♀, USNM), IL: Champaign, ex elm leaves, 25.v.1957, J.F. McAlpine, CNC479945 (1♀, CNC), KY: Lexington, 2.xi.1915, J.M. Aldrich (1♂, USNM), MD: Montgomery Co., Bethseda, G. Steyskal, 7.vii.1970 (1♂, USNM), 20.vii.1967 (1♀, USNM), Forest Glen, 25.vi.1967, W.W. Wirth (1♂, USNM), Colesville, 14.vi.1975, malaise trap, W.W. Wirth (1♂ 2♀, USNM), MO: 2mi W St. Louis, 30.iv.1904 (1♀, USNM), NC: Gr. Smoky Mt. Nat. Pk., Clingman’s Dome, 1920-2024 m, 20.v.1957, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC391849, CNC391863-391868 (1♂ 6♀, CNC), Highlands, Whiteside Mt., 1493 m, 1.vii.1957, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC391869 (1♀, CNC), Macon Co., Wayah Bald, 1615 m, 14.vii.1957, J.G. Chillcott, CNC391862 (1♀, CNC), Pisgah Nat. Forest, Chestnut Bald, 1798 m, 2.viii.1957, J.G. Chillcott, CNC391850 (1♂, CNC), NY: L.I., Riverhead, Veg. Res. Farm, at light, 7-20.viii.1938, CNC391882 (1♂, CNC), OH: Ashtabula Co., Geneva S.P., Lake Erie, 41°51.5'N, 80°58.2'W, 16.vi.1976, P. Brooks (1♀, USNM), PA: Centre Co., Fillmore Gap, 17.v.1983, A.L. Norrbom (1♀, USNM), SD: Elk Point, C.N. Ainslie, 5.vii.1915 (1♂ 2♀, USNM), CNC391891 (1♀, CNC), TN: Gr. Smoky Mt. Nat. Pk., Indian Gap, 1584 m, 20.v.1957, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC391848 (1♂, CNC), VA: Northampton Co., Kiptopeke, 4-6.x.1986, W.E. Steiner et al., Malaise trap, dunes between cliff and beach (1♀, USNM), Shenandoah Co., Mt. Jackson, 25.v.1962, J.G. Chillcott, CNC391871 (1♀, CNC), WA: Pullman, 25.vi.1916, J.M. Aldrich (1♀, USNM), WY: Sierra Madre Range, Battle L. Road, 2438 m, on side of stream, 18.vii.1961, J.G. Chillcott, CNC479962, CNC479921 (2♂, CNC).

Comments.

Phytoliriomyza arctica is a widespread species with diverse colouration belonging to a lineage characterised by proclinate orbital setulae, a minutely setulose eye, and usually an apically brown halter and at most one small tubercle-like seta on the posterodistal corner of the epandrium. This basal offshoot also includes the Delmarva species P. pilosella . Many other species are highly similar in size and colouration, however, including P. imperfecta (Malloch) ( Spencer and Steyskal 1986b: figs 979-982), which also has a faded medial yellow stripe on the scutellum (usually entirely brown-grey in P. arctica ), and dissections should be made in all uncertain cases.

Figures

Figures 124 - 130. Phytobia setosa (Loew) 124 head, anterior 125 lateral 126, 127 Phytoliriomyza arctica, female 126 head, anterior 127 lateral 128 Phytoliriomyza pacifica (Melander) 129 Phytoliriomyza melampyga (Loew), male, lateral 130 Pseudonapomyza sp., lateral.

Figures 693 - 698. 693 Phytoliriomyza arctica (Lundbeck), wing 694 - 698 P. arctica, male genitalia 694 external genitalia, ventral 695 external genitalia, left lateral 696 hypandrium and postgonite, ventral 697 hypandrial complex, left lateral 698 phallus, ventral.