Elephantomyia (Elephantomyia) edwardsi Lackschewitz, 1932

Podenas, Sigitas, Byun, Hye-Woo & Kim, Sam-Kyu, 2015, Limoniinae crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) new to Korea, Journal of Species Research 4 (2), pp. 61-96 : 70-72

Elephantomyia (Elephantomyia) edwardsi Lackschewitz, 1932

Elephantomyia edwardsi Lackschewitz, 1932: 220 ; Tjeder, 1953: 231; Savchenko, 1986: 205.

General color yellow. Body length of male 6.5 mm, female 6.0­ 9.6 mm. Wing length of male 7.3 mm, female 6.7­9.0 mm.

Head gray. Vertex narrow in both sexes, covered with sparse erect brownish setae. Eyes greenish in alive specimens. Length of male antennae 1.2 mm, length of female antennae 1.1­1.4 mm. Antenna brownish yellow, distal flagellomeres brownish. Scape and pedicel covered with sparse grayish pruinosity. Flagellum 12­segmented. Basal flagellomere large, oval, approximately as long as two suceeding segments. Remaining flagellomeres elongate, nearly cylindrical, distal flagellomere small, shorter than preceding segment. Verticils very long, nearly four times as long as respective segment. Short pubescence, covering segments sparse, semi­erect, brownish. Rostrum brown, nearly as long as whole body, covered with short brownish pubescence. Rostrum length of male 6.1 mm, that of female 5.2­8.9 mm long. Palpus very short, three­segmented, basal and distal segments very small, middle segment elongate. Labella yellowish.

Thorax generally yellow (in specimens kept in ethanol) to brownish (in old pinned specimens), covered with sparse grayish pruinosity, which is densier on pleura. Pronotum brownish dorsally, yellow laterally. Mesonotal prescutum with wide brown median line, which is dark­ er frontally and getting very weak posteriorly. Margins of that line blurred. Median line in females sometimes less distinct than in males. Wing ( Fig. 3A ) subhyaline, with weak brownish tint, slightly yellowish at base and weakly darkened at distal end. Stigma light brown, oval. Veins brownish. Wing venation: vein Sc long, ending slightly before branching point of radial sector, very tip of it in some specimens indistinct; Sc 2 close to Sc 1 tip; Rs comparatively short, arched at base; R 2 (r­r) missing, cell r 1 widened distally; both branches of Rs slightly arched, tips bent posteriorly; cross­vein r­m short; discal cell large, nearly rectangular, nearly twice as long as wide; basal deflection of CuA 1 at the middle of discal cell; first anal vein nearly straight, second anal vein slightly arched at apex; anal lobe long, medium wide. Halter brownish yellow. Male halter 1.15 mm, that of female 1.05­1.50 mm long. Leg yellow, distal ends of femur and tibiae slightly darkened, brownish. Distal tarsomeres brownish. Legs covered with short, semi­adherent, brownish setae. Male femur I: 5.4 mm, tibiae I: 6.9 mm long. Female femur I: 4.3­5.7 mm long, II: 4.5­6.0 mm, III: 4.3­6.1 mm; tibiae I: 5.1­7.9 mm, II: 5.4­7.2 mm, III: 4.4­7.2 mm; tarsus I: 4.8­7.3 mm, II: 5.0­ 5.8 mm, III: 4.0­ 6.4 mm long. Claw simple, without additional spines, brownish.

Male abdomen yellow with rather broad brown rings on posterior margins of segments. Distal segments dark brown. Female abdomen with less distinct rings, caudal segments not so dark as in male. Dark rings on old pinned specimens somewhat faded. Gonocoxite of male genitalia ( Fig. 3B ) simple, brownish yellow, wider at base, narrower at apex. Gonostyles subterminal. Outer gonostylus with darkened and hook­shaped apex. Small subapical teeth is visible only in posterior view. Inner gonostylus fleshy, basal part wider than distal. Paramere with distinctly widened distal part, which is covered by abundant small teeth. Ovipositor ( Fig. 3C ) brownish yellow. Cercus and hypovalvae long and narrow. Tip of cercus gently turned upwards, tip of valvae reaching to about four­fifth of cercus.

Elevation range in Korea. The species is known to occur at altitudes from 730 m to nearly 1,700 m.

Period of activity. All specimens in Korea were collected only in June.

Habitat. Specimens from South Korea were collected in deciduous tree and shrub grooves on margins of permanent and temporary streams, soil covered with fallen leaves and tree branches, scarce grassy vegetation among rocks covered with moss.

General distribution. The species is widely distributed in Europe, and possibly it could be found in the continental part of Far East of Russia.

Examined materials ( Fig. 10D ): 1$, North Korea, Seren Mts., alt. 2500 ft., VI­14.1938, Yankovsky ; 1$, North Korea, Seren Mts. , alt. 2500 ft., VI­17.1938, Yankovsky ; 1♂, 1$(on same pin), 2$$(on same pin) and 3$$ (on same pin), North Korea, Seren Mts. , alt. 5500 ft., VI­25.1938, Yankovsky ; 1$, 1 specimen with broken abdomen (on same pin), North Korea, Seren Mts. , alt. 3500 ft., VI­29.1938, Yankovsky ; 1$, North Korea, Kankyo Nando , Puksu Pyaksan. , alt. 5000 ft., VI­8.1939, Yankovsky ; 1$, North Korea, Kankyo Nando , Puksu Pyaksan. , alt. 5500 ft., VI­13.1939, Yankovsky ; 2$$, South Korea, Gangwon­do , Pyeongchang­gun , Jinbu­myeon , Dongsan­ri , Woljeongsa , Odaesan National Park , N37.73920, E128.59398, altitude 794 m, 2012.06.22, coll. S. Podenas ; 1$, South Korea, Gangwon­do, Pyeongchang­gun, Jinbu­myeon , Dongsan­ri , Odaesan National Park , N37.74767, E128.57962, altitude 733 m, 2012.06. 22, coll. S. Podenas ; also compared with slide mounted male genitalia and wing of E. subterminalis holotype, ♂, Japan, Shikoku, mt. Tsurugi­Awa , VI­1­1950 (Issiki­Ito) , and with E. edwardsi specimens from Lithuania (coordinates approximate): 1♂, Jurbarkas district , N55.09725, E22.66808, 1989.06.10, coll. S. Podenas ; 4♂♂, Kaunas district, Ringove sanctuary, N55.05187, E23.49239, 1990.06.08, coll. S. Podenas ; 1$, Vilnius, N54.68517, E25.27166, 2011.06.08, coll. M. Vasyte.

Discussion. Elephantomyia edwardsi is closely related to E. subterminalis . Only these two species have subterminal gonostyles. When describing E. subterminalis from Japan (Island Shikoku), Alexander (1954) mentioned that beyond gonostyles these species in all other respects were very different. However the authors found that they are very similar with each other in many respect and some misunderstanding about them still exists. According to Oosterbroek (2014), E. edwardsi is European species, while E. subterminalis is known from Japan and Far East of Russia. Bangerter (1934) and Stackelberg (1951) listed E. edwardsi from Far East, but Savchenko (1986) decided that their species is not E. edwardsi , but E. subterminalis . Stackelberg (1951) mentioned just single female specimen from the Zoological Institute of Sanct Petersburg (Leningrad), Russia, probably same specimen of Bangerter (1934). These two species could be reliably discriminated only by the structure of male terminalia. Savchenko (1986) also pointed out that outer gonostylus of E. edwardsi had no extra subapical tooth, while that tooth clearly presented in E. subterminalis . The author found that European specimens have small subapical tooth, which is not visible in dorsal view, but is well visible in posterior view. Subapical tooth was shown in Fig. 50 of Alexander (1954) for E. subterminalis , but it was drawn from slide­mounted spcimens and thus the orientation of the structure might be distorted. The most distinct feature separating both species is paramere which E. subterminalis has narrow distal part with just few apical teeth (three or four), while that structure is wide and covered with abundant teeth (twelve to sixteen) in E. edwardsi . Specimens of E. edwardsi from Korean Peninsula showed that possibly the species also exist in the continental part of Far East of Russia and further research is warranted to clarify the identity of E. subterminalis from that territory.

Figures

Fig. 3. Elephantomyia (Elephantomyia) edwardsi. A. wing. B. male genitalia, dorsal view. C. ovipositor, lateral view.

Fig. 10. Distribution maps.A. Achyrolimonia basispina. B. Discobola annulata. C. Discobola margarita. D. Elephantomyia (Elephantomyia) edwardsi. E. Geranomyia gifuensis. F. Geranomyia multipuncta. G. Geranomyia neavocetta. H. Helius (Helius) nipponensis. I. Libnotes(Afrolimonia) ladogensis. J. Libnotes (Libnotes) amatrix. K. Libnotes (Libnotes) basistrigata. L. Libnotes (Libnotes) longistigma. M. Libnotes (Libnotes) nohirai. N. Libnotes (Libnotes) puella. O. Trentepohlia(Mongoma) pennipes. P. Trentepohlia (Trentepohlia) septemtrionalis.