Ipomoea clavata (G. Don) Ooststr. ex J.F. Macbr.

Wood, John R. I., Munoz-Rodriguez, Pablo, Williams, Bethany R. M. & Scotland, Robert W., 2020, A foundation monograph of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the New World, PhytoKeys 143, pp. 1-823 : 1

401. Ipomoea clavata (G. Don) Ooststr. ex J.F. Macbr. , Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Bot. Ser. 11: 3. 1931. (Macbride 1931: 3)

Calonyction clavatum G. Don , Gen. Hist. 4: 264. 1838. (Don 1838: 264). Type. ECUADOR. Guayaquil, Ruiz & Pavón s.n. (holotype?BM ex Herb. Lambert, n.v.; isotypes MA, OXF).

Convolvulus clavatus Pav. ex Choisy in A.P. de Candolle , Prodr. 9: 346. 1845. (Choisy 1845: 346).

Ipomoea lactescens Benth. , Pl. Hartweg. 120. 1839. (Bentham 1839-57: 120). Type. ECUADOR. Guayaquil, K.T. Hartweg 676. (holotype K (not barcoded) ex Herb. Bentham, isotypes BM, K, OXF).

Operculina hirsuta Standl., J. Washington Acad. Sci. 14(11): 242. 1924. (Standley 1924: 241). Type. EL SALVADOR. S. Calderón, 1338 (holotype US00111353, isotype NY).

Ipomoea contrerasii L.O. Williams, Fieldiana, Bot. 32 (12): 189. 1970. (Williams 1970a: 189). Type. GUATEMALA. Petén, Arroyo Paxcaman, Uaxactun, E. Contreras 3640 (holotype LL00372563, isotypes F, K, MO, S).

Type.

Based on Calonyction clavatum G. Don

Description.

Twining perennial to c. 5 m; stems with long, white, stiff, spreading hairs. Leaves petiolate, 6-12 × 5-10 cm, ovate, sometimes shallowly 3-lobed or with a single lateral lobe, shortly acuminate and mucronate, cordate with rounded auricles, margin often undulate, glabrous, paler beneath, thin in texture, main veins prominent beneath; petioles 4-4.5 cm, pilose. Inflorescence of 1(-2)-flowered, axillary, pedunculate cymes; peduncles 0.4-2.5 cm; bracteoles 2 mm, lanceolate, caducous; pedicels 2-4 cm, darker than peduncle, conspicuously thickened upwards, glabrous; sepals subequal, 23-28 × 10 mm, broadly lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous, margin broad, scarious; corolla 7.5-11 cm long, glabrous, broadly funnel-shaped, the tube white, limb blue, deeply lobed. Capsules ovoid, c. 2 cm long, glabrous; seeds 10-13 × 5 mm, shortly tomentose but with long yellowish marginal hairs.

Illustration.

Figures 11F , 196 .

Distribution.

Scattered in disturbed bushy places in areas of good rainfall at low altitudes up to just over 1000 m along the Andean chain from northern Bolivia to southern Mexico:

BOLIVIA. La Paz: Sud Yungas, Alto Beni, R. Seidel 2455 (ARIZ, K, LPB); Madidi, A. Fuentes & T. Miranda 10895 (CTES, OXF, LPB, MO, USZ).

PERU. Amazonas: Bagua, A. Gentry et al. 22840 (MO); ibid., F. de la Puente 2443 (CIP). Cajamarca: San Ignacio, J. Campos de la Cruz & O. Díaz 2373 (MO). Cusco: La Convención, Maranura, L. Valenzuela et al. 3115 (MO, OXF). Junín: Satipo-La Merced, T. Croat & M. Sizemore 81993 (MO). Loreto: Via Nauta-Iquitos, C. Díaz & N. Jaramillo 1269 (MO). Pasco: Oxapampa, Pozuzo, R. Vásquez et al. 35838 (MO, OXF). San Martín: Río Huallaga, Chazuta, G. Klug 4076 (BM, K, MO, S); ibid., Juan Jui, G. Klug 4308 (BM, K, MO, S).

ECUADOR. Bolívar: La Chorrera, C. Jativa & C. Epling 017 (MO, S). El Oro: E. Asplund 15766 (S). Esmeraldas: J. Hudson 744 (MO, RB). Guayas: type of Ipomoea lactescens . Imbabura: Cotacachi, C.E. Cerón & C. Reyes 67397 (Q, QAP). Manabí: H. von Eggers 15458 (K).

COLOMBIA. Cesar: Poponte, C. Allen 803 (MO). Cundinamarca: La Mesa-San Javier, Garcia Barriga 12048 (COL); Pacho, L. Uribe 1821 (COL). Valle: Hac. Hato Viejo, Vijes-Yotoco, J.E. Ramos 2752 (MO).

COSTA RICA. Guanacaste, Santa Cruz, B. Hammel & I. Pérez 24993 (CR, MO).

NICARAGUA. Chontales, Río San Juan, P. Shank & A. Molina 4595 (F, GH).

EL SALVADOR. Ahuachapán, Área Protegida Santa Rita, J.M. Rosales 1951 (BM, MO); Santa Ana, San Diego-La Barra, D. Rodríguez et al. 2077 (BM).

BELIZE. Corozal, P. Gentle 545 (F).

GUATEMALA. Petén, Lago Petén Itza, B. Wallnöfer 9496 (K, MO, W); ibid., Laguna Macanché, R. Tun Ortíz 611 (F, MO).

MEXICO. Campeche: Calamul, E. Martínez et al. 29709 (BM, MEXU); Tenabo, F. de la Puente 2939 (CIP). Guerrero: Montes de Oca, Vallecitos, G.B. Hinton 9676 (K, MO), Atoyac, Galeana, 10916 (K, MO), Mina , 11608 (K, MO); Juan R. Escudero, Tirra Colorada, H. Kruse 746 (IEB). Jalisco: La Huerta, Chamela, E. Lott & M. Butterwick 1518 (MO). Michoacán: El Camalote, J.C. Soto Nuñez et al. 7126 (IEB, MEXU). Oaxaca: Asunción Ixtaltepec, Cerro Timbón, A. Saynes & A. Sánchez 3416 (IEB). Quintana Roo: P. Moreno 536 (MEXU). Sinaloa: Concordia, A. González s.n. [1/11/1994] (IEB). Veracruz: C.A. Purpus 7783 (GH). Yucatán: Izamal, G.F. Gaumer 984 (BM, E, F, K, MO).

Note.

An unmistakeable species because of its large blue flowers and pilose stems with very long white hairs.

Figures

Figure 11. Seeds of Ipomoea A I. peteri B I. murucoides C I. carolina D I. eggersiana E I. longibarbis (with and without marginal hairs) F I. clavata G I. violacea H I. acanthocarpa J I. parvibracteolata K I. meyeri L I. jujuyensis M I. cholulensis N I. minutiflora P I. tiliacea. A from Wallnoefer & Tut-Tesucun 9662; B from Pringle 6066; C from Gillis 12906; D from Urote 35; E from Killeen et al. 4199; F from Fuentes & Miranda 10895; G from Stearn 322; H from Wurdack & Monachino 39830; J from Silva et al. 18; K from Smith 1573; L from Rose et al. 23251; M from Hinton 11166; N from Stevens & Montiel 26592; P from Curtiss 249. Drawn by Rosemary Wise.

Figure 196. Ipomoea clavata. A habit with flower B habit with buds C outer sepal D inner sepal E corolla opened out to show stamens F ovary and style G fruiting calyx H seed. Drawn by Rosemary Wise A from Hartweg 671; B from photo by Fuentes; C, D from Ruiz & Pavon s. n.; E-H from Fuentes & Miranda 10895.