Allocosa brasiliensis ( Petrunkevitch, 1910 )

Simó, Miguel, Lise, Arno A., Pompozzi, Gabriel & Laborda, Álvaro, 2017, On the taxonomy of southern South American species of the wolf spider genus Allocosa (Araneae: Lycosidae: Allocosinae), Zootaxa 4216 (3), pp. 261-278 : 264-267

Allocosa brasiliensis ( Petrunkevitch, 1910)

Figs 2 , 9

Moenkhausiana brasiliensis Petrunkevitch, 1910: 223 , pl. 22, figs 26–29 (Male lectotype and female paralectotype (designated herein) from neighbourhood of Ipyranga (currently Ipiranga) [23°34'S, 46°36'W], São Paulo, state of São Paulo, Brazil, collection date unknown. W.J. Moenkhaus leg., PMNH, examined).

Araucaniocosa difficilis Mello-Leitão, 1951: 328 , fig. 1. (Male holotype from Maullín, Llanquihue, Chile, deposited in Museu Nacional , Río de Janeiro, not examined). Casanueva 1980: 22, figs 17–20; Capocasale 1990: 133 (syn.). Allocosa brasiliensis: Capocasale 1990: 136 .

Remarks. Casanueva (1980) identified exemplars from Chile as Araucaniocosa difficilis Mello-Leitão, 1951 , providing figures of the male palp and female epigynum. Capocasale (1990) revised the material studied by Casanueva and considered those as belonging to an unidentified Lycosinae species. Based in an exemplar from the type locality, identified by Mello-Leitão as A. difficilis, Capocasale proposed this species as a junior synonym of A. brasiliensis . Although we did not examine the holotype, the morphology of the male bulb and the body size in the original description provided by Mello-Leitão seems to be different from A. brasiliensis . Therefore we consider that the examination of the holotype of A. difficilis will provide arguments to elucidate the taxonomic status of this species.

Diagnosis. A. brasiliensis resembles A. senex , A. alticeps and A. marindia sp. nov. in the shape of the female epyginum and of the median apophysis of the male bulb. Males differ by the cymbium rather broad, with spiniform distal macrosetae ( Figs 2 A–C), females can be recognised by the spermathecae without apical projections ( Fig. 2 F).

Description. Male (Lectotype). The body is densely covered with setae. Carapace yellowish. Ocular area dark brown. Thoracic groove narrow and shallow. Chelicerae yellowish. Clypeus yellowish with four median setae. Labium and endites yellowish. Sternum yellow with dark marginal spots. Legs: patellae and femora yellow with dark brown bands, tibiae and metatarsi clearer in legs III and IV. Opisthosoma yellowish with irregular brown spots, laterally yellow-brown. Venter yellow, coloured with brown spots. Spinnerets yellow. Anterior lateral spinnerets the longest. Total length 9.70. Carapace 5.00 long, 3.60 wide. Clypeus 0.25 high. Eye diameters and interdistances AME 0.23, ALE 0.18, PME 0.41, PLE 0.33, AME–AME 0.12, AME–ALE 0.03, PME–PME 0.31, PME–PLE 0.43, PLE–PLE 0.83. Chelicerae 2.70 long, with three promarginal teeth, the median the largest, and three retromarginal teeth, increasing in length from basal to apical. Opisthosoma 4.47 long, 3.24 wide. Leg formula IV/I/III/II; segment length: I femur 3.75/patella 1.75/tibia 3.00/ metatarsus 3.10/ tarsus 1.60/total 13.20. II 3.60/ 1.75/2.60/2.90/1.55/12.40. III 3.50/1.75/2.35/3.25/1.65/12.50. IV 4.25/2.10/3.60/4.35/2.10/16.40. Leg spination: I, femur p1, d1-1-1, r1-1; patella p1; tibia p1-1, r1-1, v2-2 -2; metatarsus p1-1-1, r1-1-1, v2-2 - 3. II, femur p1, d1-1-1, r1-1; patella p1; tibia p1-1, r1-1, v1-1 -2; metatarsus p1-1-1, r1-1-1, v2-2 - 3. III, femur p1-1, d1-1-1, r1-1; patella p1, r1; tibia d1, r1-1, v2-1 -2; metatarsus p1-1-1, r1-0-1, v2-2 - 3. IV, femur p1-1, d1-1-1, r1-0; patella p1-1, r1; tibia d1, r1-1, v2-2 -2; metatarsus p1-1-1, r1-1-1, v2-2 -3. Palpus: tibia with two prolateral macrosetae situated basally, the proximal the longest. Cymbium, subequal to lengh of tibia, with two long prolateral and three spiniform apical macrosetae. Palea conspicuous, with a beak-like terminal apophysis. Median apophysis with two processes: the apical larger, curved near the tip; the basal shorter, more slender and pointed. Embolus spine-like, curved and slender ( Fig. 2 A–D).

Female (Paralectotype) Colouration pattern and other features as in male. Total length 9.60. Carapace 4.90 long, 3.65 wide. Eye diameters and interdistances AME 0.21, ALE 0.12, PME 0.40, PLE 0.35, AME–AME 0.12, AME–ALE 0.05, PME–PME 0.31, PME–PLE 0.43, PLE–PLE 0.87. Chelicerae 2.60 long. Opisthosoma 4.65 long, 3.10 wide. Leg formula IV/I/II/III; segment length: I femur 3.75/patella 1.75/tibia 2.75/ metatarsus 2.80/ tarsus 1.50/total 12.55. II 3.50/1.75/2.45/2.75/1.50/11.95. III 3.25/1.70/2.15/3.15/1.70/11.95. IV 4.35/2.05/3.45/4.25/ 2.15/16.25. Leg spination as in male. Palpus: tarsal claw pectinated and well developed. Epigynum rather flat with a setaceous plate. Copulatory openings small, situated laterally on the posterior margin of the epigynal plate ( Fig. 2 E). Head of the spermathecae with rounded tip and a conspicuous porose area ( Fig. 2 F).

Distribution. Known only from the type locality, in São Paulo, Brazil ( Fig. 9 ).

Figures

FIGURE 2. Allocosa brasiliensis (Petrunkevitch). A – C, male left palp. A, ventral view. B, prolateral view. C, retrolateral view. D, close up of the bulb, ventral view. E – F, epigynum. E, ventral view. F, dorsal view. Scales. A, B, C: 0.5 mm; D, E: 0.25 mm. Abbreviations: CO: copulatory opening; HS: head of the spermatheca; MA: median apophysis; PR: palea region; TA: terminal apophysis; VC: vulval chamber.

FIGURE 9. Distribution records of Allocosa marindia sp. nov., Allocosa brasiliensis (Petrunkevitch), Allocosa senex (Mello- Leitão) and Allocosa alticeps (Mello-Leitão).