Abutilon macranthum Saint-Hilaire (1824: 208)

Takeuchi, Cátia & Esteves, Gerleni Lopes, 2012, Synopsis of Abutilon (Malvoideae, Malvaceae) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, Phytotaxa 44 (1), pp. 39-57 : 46-47

Abutilon macranthum Saint-Hilaire (1824: 208) . Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Onça , s.a., A. St.-Hilaire

B 1700 (holotype P, isotype B, photo F-9276!, US!). Fig. 2A–C .

Abutilon lanatum Miquel (1849: 553) . Type: BRASIL. Minas Gerais: Caldas, s.d., A.F. Regnell I-13 (holotype S, isotypes C-2, F!, K!, US!). syn. nov.

Distribution and habitat:— Endemic to southeastern Brazil (Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo). In the state of São Paulo, its distribution is restricted to a stretch of land near the border with Minas Gerais in the municipality of Pedregulho to Serra Mantiqueira above 1200 m elevation, in semideciduous forest and dense rainforest, on forest margins, often on riverbanks.

Specimens examined:— BRAZIL. São Paulo: Águas da Prata , 24 May 1990, D. V . Toledo Filho & J. E . Bertoni 25988 ( UEC, SPSF); s.a., D. V . Toledo Filho s.n. ( SP 259576, SPSF14677 ). Campos do Jordão , 4 May 1940, G . Hashimoto 36 ( SP); 26 August 1967, J . Mattos 15052 & N . Mattos ( SP); 29 January 1980, A . Krapovickas & C. L . Cristóbal 35506 ( ESA, MBM, SP); 3 June 1984, M. J . Robim s.n. ( SP 259557; SPSF8501 ); 1 November 1984, M. J . Robim & J. P. M . Carvalho s.n. ( SP 259559, SPSF 761 ); 21 October 1989, J. R . Pirani et al. 2510 ( SP, SPF); 31 January 1992, S . Buzato & M . Sazima 26852 ( UEC); 12 August 1992, S . Xavier et al. 297 ( SPSF); 9 October 1992, S . Buzato & M . Sazima 27198 ( UEC); 26 March 2009, C . Takeuchi & A. C . Pscheidt 53 ( SP); 27 March 2009, C . Takeuchi & A. C . Pscheidt 54 ( SP); 27 March 2009, C . Takeuchi & A. C . Pscheidt 55 ( SP); 25 May 2010, C . Takeuchi & T . Takeuchi 70 ( SP). Espírito Santo do Pinhal , 16 August 1948, H. P . Krug s.n. ( IAC 10044). Moji-Mirim , 26 May 1936, A . Gehrt s.n. ( SP35504 ). Pedregulho , 10 December 1998, L . Custódio & T . Custódio 498 ( SPSF); 15 August 2006, N . Guerin 27 ( SPSF); 17 August 2006, N . Guerin 58 ( MBM, SPSF). Pindamonhangaba, 8 June 1997, S. A . Nicolau et al. 3298 ( SP); 22 July 2009, C . Takeuchi & G. L . Esteves 63 ( SP) . Minas Gerais: Monte Verde , 17 October 2001, L . D. Meireles 670 & M. F. P . de A. Pereira ( SP). Poços de Caldas , 15 June 1981, K . Yamamoto 1052 et al. ( UEC) .

Abutilon lanatum is here synonymized under A. macranthum because it presents the same diagnostic characters, especially the entire to sub-trilobate leaf blades, and the wooly branches and calyx.

Abutilon macranthum has branches and calyx entirely covered with a wooly indumentum and elongate papillae. However, the material from Serra da Mantiqueira exhibits great phenotypic plasticity for these features, showing branches without papillae, velvety to pulverulent indumentum, and calyces with elongate papillae only along the nerves and basal portion. Because of these variations it can be confused with A. regnellii , but it differs from the latter by the leaf lobation, the staminal tube and mericarp morphology as mentioned in the key.

In the state of São Paulo there are no records of these two species inhabiting the same localities. However, A. macranthum and A. regnellii occur sympatrically in the Serra da Mantiqueira (in the states of Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro), with the possibility of hybridization between these species, as was verified by material from these states.

Conservation status:— According to the criteria found in Mamede et al. (2007) A. macranthum should not be considered a threatened species.

Abutilon regnellii Miquel (1849: 554) . Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Caldas, s.a., A.F. Regnell II-17 (lectotype U, isotypes B, photo F-9288, NY!, P-2). Figs. 2 I–N , 5B, F . Designated by Fryxell (2002).

Distribution and habitat:— Endemic to southeastern Brazil (Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo). In the state of São Paulo, it is restricted to a stretch of land in the municipality of Cunha to Santo André, growing in dense rainforest margins.

Specimens examined:— BRAZIL. São Paulo: Atibaia , 26 October 1983, S. C . Chiea 367 ( SP); 07 February 1992, S . Buzato & M . Sazima 26285 ( UEC); 14 November 1995, A. M. G . Azevedo et al. 95-115 ( SP, UEC); 7 May 1997, A. M. G. A . Tozzi et al 97-46 ( UEC); 27 March 1997, A . Rapini 246 ( SP). Cotia , 12 June 1930, A . Gehrt s.n. ( SP 255327). Cunha , 29 March 1994, J. B . Baitello 470 ( SP); 18 April 1994, S . Buzato 31744 ( UEC); 19 December 1996, J. P . Souza et al. 1051 ( ESA, HRCB, SP, UEC); 28 January 2004, F. A. R .D.P. Arzolla 444 ( ESA, SPSF). Ibiúna , 4 March 1999, R . Simão-Bianchini 1238 ( SP). São Paulo, May 1912, H . Luederwaldt 2160 ( SP); 13 June 1944, W . Hoehne s.n. ( SPSF10366 , UEC106740 ); 13 July 1964, E . Mambreu s.n. ( SP 79308 ); 10 July 1968, T . Sendulsky 976 ( SP); 7 September 1969, B. C . Teixeira 284 ( SP 117314); September 1980, A. C . Dias & F. C . Serio s.n. ( SP 259564); 24 May 1994, S. A. P . Godoy et al. 183 ( HRCB, SP); 18 April 2009, C . Takeuchi 56 ( SP); 22 July 2009, C . Takeuchi 61 ( SP). Santo André , 8 September 1938, A . Gehrt s.n. ( SP39690 ) . Minas Gerais: Camanducaia , 6 January 1994, S . Buzato et. al 31755 ( UEC). Rio de Janeiro, Teresópolis , 12 March 2001, A. M . Amorim 3629 et al. ( SP) .

Some material of A. macranthum can be confused with Abutilon regnellii , due to their sub-trilobate leaf blades, but from which it is easily distinguishable by the relative length of the staminal tube versus the staminiferous portion, and size of papillae on the mericarps.

Conservation status:— According to the criteria found in Mamede et al. (2007) A. regnellii should not be considered a threatened species.

Figures

FIGURE 2. A–C) A. macranthum Saint-Hilaire A) Branch with flower; B) Staminal tube; C) Mericarp, dorsolateral view. D-G) A. latipetalum Esteves & Krapovickas D) Calyx; E) Petal, ventral view; F) Whole fruit with persistent calyx; G) Mericarp, dorsolateral view; H) Seed; I–N) A. regnellii Miquel I) Petal, dorsal view; J) Staminal tube; K: Whole fruit with persistent calyx; L) Mericarp, dorsolateral view; M) Seed; N) Branch with flower.

FIGURE 5. A) A. latipetalum, habit. B) A. regnellii, habit C) A. striatum, orange petals, showing the reddish veins. D) A. nigricans, entirely whitish petals. E) A. latipetalum, calyx covered with short papillae. F) A. regnellii, flower, showing the calyx with long papillae. G) A. latipetalum, schizocarp sectioned longitudinally, showing columella and seeds. H) A. itatiaiae, habit with flowers. I) A. longifolium, branch with pendant flower. J) A. itatiaiae, schizocarp with eight aristate mericarps. K) A. bedfordianum, schizocarp with more than twelve muticous mericarps.