Orobanche schelkovnikovii, 2019
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/phytotaxa.386.1.1 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E468D31C-FFE8-C515-FF7A-FF36CB51FE8E |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Orobanche schelkovnikovii |
| status |
sp. nova |
7. Orobanche schelkovnikovii Tzvelev View in CoL in Komarov (1958: 685). TYPE: (lectotype here designated):— ARMENIA. “Flora Mont. Agmagan. N.º 18939. Prat. subalpin. Jelidja [modern name Jelidja it is Norabak – village in Vardenis mountain range, Gegharkunik prov.]. 7000’. 23‒ 25.07.1926, A. Schelkovnikov ” (LE s.n. ex ERE 18939! [this sheet contains three specimens clearly belonging to the same species and gathering. Tzvelev in 1955 (‘ 1955 XII 6 ’) labeled it as O. schelkovnikovii Tzvel. sp. nova, typus!]); isolectotype: (ERE-Flora Mont. Agmagan. N.º 18949! [Tzvelev in 1955 (‘ 1955 XII 2 ’) labeled it as O. kurdica ]). ( Figs. 39–41 View FIGURE 39 View FIGURE 40 View FIGURE 41 ).
Supplementary description: —Plant robust, dirty pink, reddish, violet, pale yellow or brown. Stem simple and stout, rarely slender, (45–)50–65(–80) cm × (6.0–)7.0–8.0(–11) mm in diameter in the upper part, (8.0–)10–11(–15) mm in the middle, and (11–)13–14(–18) mm towards the base, this slightly widening or bulbous; slightly striate (clearly striate when dry); glandular pubescent, more in the upper part, with pale orange glandular hairs 0.5–1.2 mm; stem purplish, dirty pink or pale yellow-brown (brown when dry). Basal leaves (21–)24–25(–30) mm × (4–)5–6(–7) mm, broadly lanceolate, glabrous abaxially, or shortly ciliate at the edge with hairs ca. 0.3–0.5 mm. Upper leaves (25–)28–30(–40) mm × 4–5(–6) mm, lanceolate, becoming more dense above, pale purple-brown, pinkish-brown, changing early to brown when drying, especially at the top; densely glandular pubescent, with hairs 0.3–0.5(–1.0) mm. Inflorescence (15–)23–27(–43) cm × 2.5–3.0(–4.0) cm, cylindrical, usually shorter than the remaining stem, rarely equal to or longer; (30–)50–70(–100)-flowered, dense or very rarely lax. Flowers are ± erecto-patent and medium sized. Bracts (16–)20– 23(–26) mm × 5.0–6.0 mm, longer or rarely equal to the corolla, broad lanceolate, pale, yellow-brown or pinkish-brown, changing early to brown when drying, with dense pale yellow or orange glandular hairs, 0.2–0.5 mm long. Bracteoles absent. Calyx segments on side of bract broadly connate in front, (12–)15–16(–19) mm long, (7–) 9–11 mm wide at the widest point, calyx tube 8–11 mm long with two lanceolate calyx teeth (4–)7–8(–10) mm long and 1.5 mm wide, longer than half of the corolla tube; dirty pink, pale purple or yellowish-pink, with dense glandular-hairy, especially on the teeth, hairs ca. 0.2–0.3(–0.4) mm, orange or pale brown. Corolla (16–)22–25(–27) mm long, (8–) 10–11 mm in diameter in the central part; tubular to narrowly campanulate (considerably widening towards the mouth); the dorsal line slightly curved in the proximally, less curved or nearly straight in the medially and ± flexed forwards or straight distally, arcuate; externally glandular-pubescent with pale yellow (in dry form with orange glands), glandular hairs of 0.1–0.2 mm, inside glabrous or sparsely hairy in the upper lip; corolla pale pinkish-yellow, pale purplish or reddish, yellowish-pink, with dirty pale pink veins; upper lip sinuate, emarginate, with two broad lobes, these reflexed laterally, sparsely glandular hairy also in the internally, hairs ca. 0.1–0.2 mm; lower lip with three suborbicular lobes, irregularly dentate on margins. Stamens obliquely inserted, adaxial at 2.5–3.0(–4.0) mm above the corolla base, and abaxial at 2.0– 2.5 mm, all of them slightly widened at base. Filaments 13–15 mm long, 1.0 mm wide, white to pale yellow or pale pink, slightly geniculate, sparsely hairy near base; hairs 0.6–1.0 mm long, not glandular, white or white-yellowish, upper part below anthers sparsely glandular-pubescent, usually ca. 0.1 mm long, short, white with orange glands. Anthers 2.0(–2.5) mm long, ca. 1.0 mm wide, oblongoid, mucronate, pale brown; short pubescent along sutures of thecae, especially in the ¾ part, hairs white, 0.1–0.3 mm long, rarely glabrous. Ovary 12–15 mm × 5–8 mm, glandular pubescent in upper part, hairs 0.2–0.3 mm long, pale, yellow or pink; lateral opening by two longitudinal slots. Style 7–10 mm long, pale yellow to pink, glandular-pubescent, with short and glandular hairs (these ca. 0.1–0.3(–0.5) mm long on the whole part and more abundant, conspicuous and dense on the lower part). Stigma bilobed, lobes elongated-spherical to ovate and ± flattened, ca. 3.0 mm wide, with numerous warts on the lobes, and yellow or bright yellow.
Distribution: —Eastern parts, mainly Gegharkunik province and parts of Vayots Dzor and Tavush provinces which are adjacent to it; Vardenis, Sevani (Areguni) and Pambaki mountain ranges ( Fig. 42 View FIGURE 42 ). It is very likely that it occurs in the mountains of Nagorno-Karabakh.
General distribution: —Endemic to Armenia. However, the distribution in adjacent regions can not be ruled out.
Habitat: —Subalpine meadows, upper mountain belt, pastures, rocky, grassy slopes, valleys; 2000‒2300(2600) m.
Hosts: —Apparently parasitic exclusively on Cirsium sp. ( Asteraceae ), such as C. aduncum DC. , C. schelkovnikovii Petr. , C. cosmelii Fisch. & C.A. Mey. ex Hohen. , C. leucocephalum (Willd.) Spreng. [ C. anatolicum (Petr.) Grossh. ], C. tomentosum C.A. Mey.As a curiosity, at the locus classicus (Jelidja=Norabak), the host species was C. schelkovnikovii .
Phenology: —Flowering July to August, fruiting August.
Conservation status: —The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN Red List 2014) lists 1674 data deficient plant species, among which O. schelkovnikovii was included (Oganesian 2014). Our research resulted in documentation of the species and made it possible to estimate the threat. Vulnerable (VU) – B 1 ab (iii) + 2 ab (iii). Endemic to Armenia. EOO is less than 20000 km 2, severely fragmented, existing at no more than 10 locations (8 locations in 3 floristic regions), AOO is less than 2000 km 2, severely fragmented, existing at no more than 10 locations. Populations vary from several to several hundred individuals. Part of the population grows in Sevan National Park. The main threats include habitat change and overgrazing. Localities of species are very often intensively grazed, but animals do not eat spiny hosts like Cirsium . Very often the habitat looks like almost completely grazed, with the remaining vegetation featuring only Cirsium clumps with Orobanche on them ( Fig. 39A View FIGURE 39 ).
Notes: —Our attempt to find this species started from the locus classicus in Jelidja (type Fig. 41 View FIGURE 41 ), whose current name is Norabak. Nearly 100 years after the date of the initial collection, we succeeded in finding this species in Norabak, subsequently locating it in several other places ( Fig. 42 View FIGURE 42 , and list of localities below). Specimen determined as Orobanche schelkovnikovii from Aparan floristic region of Armenia ( Oganesyan 2014) (ERE, “In declivitate occidentale montis Kethan-dagh. In steppa montana, 18.06.1930, A. Fedorov ”, ERE-68687 [Kethan-dag is a mountain in the West part of Gegham range, more or less just opposite Charentsavan]), determined by N.N. Tzvelev, but with notification that this specimen differs from the type by accrete sepals. In our opinion, this specimens corresponds rather to juvenile O. kurdica , which have numerous populations in this area.
This species can be misidentified as O. kurdica , as well as with O. grossheimii , which occupy similar habitats, however the latter species parasitise distinctly different host species. The most important characteristics distinguishing these species are compiled in Table 1, as well as in the illustrations and photographs from the field (cited below).
The specimens gathered by Schelkovnikov were first determined as “ O. caryophyllacea Sm. ? [N.º 18939]” and as “ O. lutea Baumg. [N.º 18949]” by A. Grossheim in 1927. This was probably one of the reasons O. schelkovnikovii has been wrongly included in the O. trib./Grex Galeatae sensu Beck (O. subsect. Orobanche ) ( Novopokrovskij & Tzvelev 1958). The study of morphological characters of the corolla (which is not helmet-shaped at the apex) clearly indicates that it should be in O. subsect. Curvatae (Beck) Piwow., Ó. Sánchez & Moreno Mor. ( Piwowarczyk et al. 2017b).
Specimens examined: — ARMENIA. Gegharkunik prov.: prope Čičaglu [Chichaglu is now the village with modern name Tsaghkunk, on Pambak (or Ardjanots) range] 8500’, 26 July 1926, A. Schelkovnikov (ERE) [as O. lutea by A. Grossheim, as O. kurdica by N. Tzvelev]; 6 and 8 km S of Vardenik, slope with E exposure, 40°03’58”N, 45°27’25”E, 2415 m, 40°04’52”N, 45°27’07”E, 2290 m, 28 July 2017, R. Piwowarczyk (ERCB, KTC); (Flora Mont. Agmagan) prat. subalpin. Jelidja [Norabak]. 7000’, 23‒25 July 1926, A. Schelkovnikov (LE ex ERE) [as O. caryophyllacea by A. Grossheim, as O. schelkovnikovii , typus, by Tzvelev, 1955]; (Flora Mont. Agmagan) prat. subalpin. Jelidja [Norabak] 7000’, 23‒25 July 1926, A. Schelkovnikov (ERE18949) [as O. lutea by A. Grossheim, as O. kurdica by N. Tzvelev]; NE of Norabak, slope and valley of the river, 40°09’33”N, 45°52’12”E, 2105 m, 25 July 2017, R. Piwowarczyk (KTC); N of Aghberk, slope with NW esposure, 40°33’00”N, 45°16’31”E, 2130 m, 29 July 2017, R. Piwowarczyk (ERCB, KTC); Tavush prov.: Semyonovka NWW, slopes with SW exposure, 40°39’53”N, 44°53’17”E, 2100‒2145 m, 26 July 2017, R. Piwowarczyk (ERCB, KTC); Vayots Dzor prov.: NE of Jermuk, 39°52’07”N, 45°43’57”E, 2550 m, 15 July 2017, E. Charter (phot.); Syunik prov.: on the way to the Tatev, near village Maldash [Kashuni], 3 August 1965, T. Tsaturyan (ERCB) [as O. hymenocalyx by T. Tsaturyan].
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