Strengeriana quindiensis, Campos & Camacho, 2019

Campos, Martha R. & Camacho, Rosa, 2019, A new species of freshwater crab of the genus Strengeriana Pretzmann, 1971, from El Jardín Natural Reserve, Quindío, Colombia (Crustacea: Decapoda: Pseudothelphusidae), Zootaxa 4671 (4), pp. 595-600 : 596-599

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4671.4.11
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BC3C26B4-DAD1-47F7-8BA9-7C86DD634846
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E442E00F-0E7F-0303-47D7-FF5FA8AFCDD8
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Strengeriana quindiensis
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Strengeriana quindiensis View in CoL n. sp.

( Figs. 1 View FIGURE 1 , 2 View FIGURE 2 )

Material examined. Holotype: male (cl 12.7 mm, cw 19.6 mm), ICN-MHN-CR 3392. Colombia, Quindío Department, Municipio Génova, Vereda Río Gris Alto, El Jardín Natural Reserve , La Palma stream, elevation 2400 m, 4°10’2.6”N, 75°45’40.6”W, 22 Jul 2018, leg. R. Camacho GoogleMaps . Paratypes: 4 males (cl 10.7–13.6 mm, cw 16.8–26.8 mm), 2 juvenile males, 2 females (cl 11.2–12.0 mm, cw 17.0– 18.9 mm), 6 juvenile females, ICN-MHN-CR 3393. Same locality data as for holotype GoogleMaps .

Diagnosis. Mesial process of first male gonopod prominent, elongated, outwardly turned, bifid, proximal lobe larger, subtriangular, distal lobe smaller, rounded, internal surface of mesial process with acute spine; lateral process short, acute distally; cephalic lobe with lateral nearly rounded projection that overlaps the distal portion of caudal lobe, both surrounding spermatic channel; cephalic surface with two spines: distal one smaller, acute, directed upwards, proximal one displaced to mid portion, broad-base, larger, semi-acute, directed downwards. Third maxilliped with exopod 0.92 times length of outer margin of ischium.

Description of holotype. Carapace ( Fig. 1A View FIGURE 1 ) with straight, wide, deep cervical grooves, reaching margins of carapace; anterolateral margins without notch behind external orbital angle, with eight papillae before cervical grooves; lateral margins with approximately 15 papilliform teeth, diminishing in size posteriorly; postfrontal lobes absent, instead small rounded scars on each side; median groove absent; front without distinct upper border, frontal area regularly sloping downward, slightly convex in dorsal view, lower margin sinuous in frontal view, conspicuously thickened; upper, lower orbital margins each fringed with tubercles ( Fig. 1B View FIGURE 1 ); dorsal surface of carapace polished, covered by small papillae, regions demarcated; third maxilliped with s h a l l o w d e p r e s s i o n o n s u b d i s t a l e x t e r n a l m a r g i n o f m e r u s, exopod 0.92 times length the outer margin of endopodal ischium ( Fig. 1E View FIGURE 1 ); orifice of efferent branchial channel closed by spine of jugal angle and by extension of lateral lobe of epistome ( Fig. 1D View FIGURE 1 ).

Chelipeds (first pereopods) heterochelous ( Fig. 1A View FIGURE 1 ); right cheliped larger than left, merus with 3 crests as follows: upper crest with rows of tubercles of different sizes, internal lower crest with 2 tight rows of large tubercles, diminishing in size proximally, external lower crest with row of l o w e r papillae ; carpus of larger chela with 5 r o u n d e d t u b e r c l e s s u b d i s t a l, a n d c a r p u s o f t h e s m a l l e r c h e l a with semi-acute subdistal spine; palms of both chelipeds smooth, palm of larger (right) cheliped strongly swollen, fingers 1.2 length of palm, gaping when closed, tips slightly crossing ( Fig. 1C View FIGURE 1 ); palm of smaller cheliped moderately swollen, fingers 1.3 length of palm, not gaping when closed, tips crossing.Walking legs (second to fifth pereopods) slender ( Fig. 1A View FIGURE 1 ), dactyli each about 1.5 times as long as propodi, with 5 longitudinal rows of large spines diminishing in size proximally, arrangement of spines on dactylus of left second pereopod as follows: anterolateral, anteroventral rows each with 4 spines, external row with 4 spines, postero-ventral, postero-lateral rows each with 2 spines.

First male gonopod slightly bent caudo-cephalic, wide, with mid-constriction on lateral side in caudal view; caudal lobe forming long ridge on lateral side, diminishing in width distally, ending laterally in rounded lobe surrounding spermatic channel; caudal margin slightly sinuous, ending in triangular projection distally, and elongated, rounded lobe basally, covered by rows of conspicuous setae; lateral side with prominent rounded bulge subdistal, covered with rows of dark spines, middle wide constriction, convex from middle to basal portion with some setae; mesial side nearly straight with subdistal irregular rows of spinules; mesial lobe as wide rounded expansion, forming lateral process short, acute distally, and prominent, elongated, outwardly turned, bifid mesial process, proximal lobe larger, subtriangular, distal lobe smaller, rounded, mesial process with acute spine on its internal surface; mesial and cephalic lobes of apex forming long slit, delimiting distally open spermatic channel; cephalic lobe projected laterally with small rounded lobe that overlaps the distal portion of caudal lobe, both surrounding spermatic channel; cephalic surface with two spines: the distal one smaller acute and directed upwards, the proximal one larger, semiacute, broad-base displaced to the mid portion, directed downwards; spermatic channel with rows of conspicuous spines.

Color. The freshly alcohol-preserved holotype is dark brown (near Raw Umber, 223). The walking legs are brown (near Raw Umber, 223) dorsally, and ventrally. The chelae are brown (near Mars Brown, 223A) dorsally and ventrally. The ventral surface of the carapace is brown with yellow spots (near Mars Brown, 223A and Cinnamon, 123A).

Habitat. The specimens were collected by hand under stones or in the leaf litter at the margins of a forest stream or next to small waterfalls. The stream was surrounded by vegetation of a preserved mature forest, and characterized by clear water, and sand-stones soil substrate.

Etymology. The specific epithet, quindiensis , refers to Quindío Department, where the type locality is situated.

Remarks. The species of the genus Strengeriana are characterized as follows: (i) in the third maxilliped, the exopod is reaching or overreaching the outer margin of the ischium, whereas in the new species, described herein, the exopod reaches only 0.92 times length the outer margin of the ischium; (ii) the orifice of the efferent branchial channel is almost closed by a spine at the jugal angle and by the extension of the lateral lobe of the epistome; and (iii) the first male gonopod is formed by 3 lobes: mesial, caudal and cephalic; the mesial and cephalic lobes are fused together around the spermatic channel, and often present mesial and cephalic processes.

Strengeriana quindiensis n. sp. is most similar to S. tolimensis Rodríguez & Diaz, 1981 (see Campos 2005: fig. 33A–I, Campos 2014: fig. 258A–E). The main distinguishing features between the two species are in the third maxilliped and the first male gonopod: (1) the third maxilliped has a s h a l l o w d e p r e s s i o n o n t h e s u b d i s - t a l e x t e r n a l m a rg i n o f t h e m e r u s a n d t h e exopod only reaches 0.92 times the length of the outer margin of endopodal ischium i n S. q u i n d i e n s i s n. sp. ( Fig. 1E View FIGURE 1 ), whereas in S. tolimensis the e x t e r n a l m a rg i n o f t h i r d m a x i l l i p e d m e r u s i s r e g u l a r l y r o u n d e d a n d t h e e x o p o d o v e r r e a c h e s the outer margin of endopodal ischium (C a m p o s 2 0 0 5: f i g. 3 3F); (2) t h e m e s i a l p r o c e s s o f t h e f i r s t m a l e g o n o p o d i s prominent, elongated, outwardly turned, bifid; the proximal lobe is larger, subtriangular, the distal lobe is smaller, rounded; in addition the mesial process shows an acute spine on its internal surface i n S. q u i n d i e n s i s n. sp. ( Fig. 1A View FIGURE 1 , C–E); whereas in S. tolimensis the mesial process is short, bifid; the lobes are of equal shape and length; and the spine on internal surface is absent ( Campos 2014: fig. 258B, C, E); (3) the lateral process is short, thick, semi-acute distally and is not surrounded by spines in S. quindiensis n. sp. ( Fig. 1A View FIGURE 1 , C–E); whereas in S. tolimensisis the lateral process is elongated, rounded distally and surrounded by conspicuous spines ( Campos 2014: fig. 258B–E); (4) the cephalic lobe is projected laterally around the distal portion of the caudal lobe, forming a structure that surrounds the spermatic channel i n S. q u i n d i e n s i s n. sp. ( Fig. 2B View FIGURE 2 ); whereas in S. tolimensisis there is no extension of the lateral lobe, and in this case, the distal portion of the caudal lobe is projected, surrounding the spermatic channel ( Campos 2014: fig. 258D, E).

The distribution of the Strengeriana species, which are endemic to Colombia, comprise the Central and the Western Andes and the northern region of the Sierra de Santa Marta. The Central and Western Andes are characterized by humid forests, present a variety of climatic conditions according to altitude, encompassing a wide range of ecosystems that are center of endemism for a significant number of plants and animals. Ten species occur in localities along the eastern slope of the Central Andes: Strengeriana cajaensis Campos & Rodríguez, 1993 , S. casallasi Campos, 1999 , S. chaparralensis Campos & Rodríguez, 1984 , S. flagellata Campos & Rodríguez, 1993 , S. florenciae Campos, 1995 , S. foresti Rodríguez, 1980 , S. huilensis Rodríguez & Campos, 1989 , S. maniformis Campos & Rodríguez, 1993 , N. tolimensis Rodríguez & Díaz, 1981 and N. villaensis Campos & Pedraza, 2006 , meanwhile the species S. antioquensis Prahl, 1987 , S. fuhrmanni Rodríguez, 1980 , S. restrepoi Rodríguez, 1980 and Strengeriana quindiensis n. sp. are distributed along the western slope of the Central Andes. The species S. bolivarensis Rodríguez & Campos, 1989 occurs on the eastern slope of the Western Andes, and S. risaraldensis Rodríguez & Campos, 1989 has been found in both slopes of the Western Andes. S. taironae Rodríguez & Campos, 1989 presents a disjunct distribution, in the northern region of the Sierra de Santa Marta, in complete isolation from the distribution area of the genus in the Western and Central Andes. The majority of the species of the genus belong to the Magdalena River basin, which is historically the most important in Colombia, this river crosses the country through the west from south to north, between the Eastern and Central Andes, forming a valley, where the species are distributed: Strengeriana cajaensis , S. casallasi , S. chaparralensis , S. flagellata , S. florenciae , S. foresti , S. huilensis , S. maniformis , S. tolimensis and S. villaensis . The species S. antioquensis , S. bolivarensis , S. fuhrmanni , S. quindiensis n. sp., S. restrepoi and S. risaraldensis occur in the Cauca River basin, which is the second most important river in Colombia, and finally S. taironae is restricted to the Gaira River basin in the Sierra de Santa Marta.