Cryphalus meridionalis (Nobuchi, 1975)

Johnson, Andrew J., Li, You, Mandelshtam, Michail Yu., Park, Sangwook, Lin, Ching-Shan, Gao, Lei & Hulcr, Jiri, 2020, East Asian Cryphalus Erichson (Curculionidae, Scolytinae): new species, new synonymy and redescriptions of species, ZooKeys 995, pp. 15-66 : 15

Cryphalus meridionalis (Nobuchi, 1975) Figures 2I , 3I , 13A-I

Taenioglyptes meridionalis Nobuchi, 1975: 55 (Japan).

Type material examined.

Japan • 1 Holotype; Okinawa, Kunigami District, Yona Experimental Forest; 26.763°N, 128.216°E; 08 Jul. 1965; K. Takahashi leg.; UFFE:28614; (NIAES).

Other material examined.

China • 1 ♂; Fujian, Quanzhou, Yongchun, Diyiyan; 25.3176°N, 118.279°E; 02 May 2017; You Li leg.; ex. Schefflera heptaphylla ; DNA: 28S:MT122095; UFFE:28061; (UFFE) • 1 ♀; same collection data; UFFE:28062; (UFFE) • 1 ♂; same collection data; UFFE: 34962; (UFFE) • 1 ♀, 1 ♂; same collection data; (IOZ, 1 ♀ IOZ(E)2057942, 1 ♂ IOZ(E)2057943) • 1; Fujian, Zhangzhou, Yunxiao, Jiangjunshan Mt.; 23.952°N, 117.312°E; 25 Jul. 2019; Ling Zhang leg.; light trap with EtOH; 20190725-28001; UFFE:34069; (UFFE).

Japan • 1; Okinawa, Kunigami District, Yona Experimental Forest; 26.763°N, 128.216°E; Nov. 2010; Jiri Hulcr leg.; ex. Moraceae ?; teneral adult; DNA: 28S:MT431537; UFFE:07484; (UFFE)• 1 ♀; same collection data; UFFE:33236; (UFFE).

Diagnosis.

Cryphalus meridionalis can be distinguished from other East Asian Cryphalus by the barely aciculate frons with a fine sharp median keel, a short transverse sulcus of the male frons, by the pronotal slope with wide, barely protruding asperities, by the short pronotal disc, by the ground vestiture of which the setae are widened near the base and hair-like at the tips, and by the proventriculus without any sutural teeth.

Female. Length 1.70-2.10 mm (holotype 1.80 mm). Proportions 2.1 × as long as wide. Frons aciculate, converging to the epistoma, with a weak median keel. Antennal club with three weakly procurved sutures marked by coarse and long setae, the distance between the suture 3 and the apex approximately twice the distance between sutures 2 and 3. Antennal funiculus with four segments, length shorter than the scape. Gular surface with evenly spaced hair-like setae. Pronotal colour orange-brown to brown, slightly lighter than elytra. Pronotal profile broadly rounded, slightly triangular, widest in line with summit, approx. 0.75 × as long as wide. Pronotal margin armed with six to eight serrations, the median pair or a similar size to the others. Pronotal declivity with more than 70 asperities (holotype has approx. 77), each wide and barely protruding. Pronotal disc approximately one quarter the length of the pronotum, sloped, weakly tuberculate surface texture. Pronotal vestiture entirely hair-like setae. Suture between pronotum and elytra weakly sinuate. Scutellum very small, barely visible. Elytra 1.8 × as long as pronotum, orange brown to brown, broadly rounded with no clear elytral disc or a transition to the declivity. Striae not apparent. Interstrial bristles erect, hair-like, with rounded tips, slightly shorter on disc. Interstrial ground vestiture wide at base, with tapered, hair-like tips. Protibiae and protarsi with only straight, hair-like setae. Mesocoxae moderately separated, more than distance between metacoxae. Proventriculus not examined.

Male. Similar to female except: Length 1.65-2.00 mm Proportions 2.0 × as long as wide Frons with converging aciculations and a fine median keel up to a short carina and shining sulcus above the level of the eyes. Gular surface simple with few hair-like setae. Pronotal profile rounded triangular, protruding slightly more than of the female. Pronotal declivity more flat than in female, with smaller asperities. Protibiae and protarsi with only hair-like setae, almost the same as female. Last abdominal ventrite emarginated. Proventriculus sutural teeth completely absent. Proventriculus apical teeth coarse, the median teeth are wider and rounded Proventriculus closing teeth mostly shorter than length of masticatory brush, barely branched, and rounded tips Proventriculus masticatory brush about half of total length Aedeagus short. Penis apodemes longer than penis body, fused at tip. Tegmen with paired apodemes shorter than distance between. End plate visible as two sclerotised plates.

Distribution.

China (Fujian), Indonesia (Java), Japan (Ryukyu Islands)

Remarks.

The original spelling of the name, as " merdionalis ", was used throughout the original description. This was amended to " meridionalis " in subsequent publications, the correct spelling to refer to the species distribution in the southern region of Japan. No explicit correction was made following correct procedures (ICZN art. 33.2.1), but in all subsequent publications, with exception to a website listing types, the amended spelling is used clearly referencing the original publication, and this is considered sufficient prevailing usage under 33.2.3.1 to consider the change a justified emendation.

Recorded plant hosts.

Araliaceae : Schefflera spp., " Moraceae "[?]

Figures

Figure 2. Proventriculus of A Cryphalus artocarpus, UFFE: 33165 B C. dilutus, UFFE: 34684 C C. dorsalis, UFFE: 25581 D C. gnetivorus, UFFE: 31753 E C. itinerans, UFFE: 33178 F C. kyotoensis, UFFE: 33232 G C. lipingensis, UFFE: 28048 H C. mangiferae, UFFE: 34966 I C. meridionalis, UFFE: 28061 J C. morivorus, UFFE: 27604 K C. paramangiferae, UFFE: 34965.

Figure 3. Aedeagus of A Cryphalus artocarpus, UFFE: 33165 B C. dilutus, UFFE: 34684 C C. dorsalis, UFFE: 25581 D C. gnetivorus, UFFE: 31753 E C. itinerans, UFFE: 33178 F C. kyotoensis, UFFE: 31745 G C. lipingensis, UFFE: 28048 H C. mangiferae, UFFE: 34966 I C. meridionalis, UFFE: 28061 J C. morivorus, UFFE: 27604 K C. paramangiferae, UFFE: 34965.

Figure 13. Cryphalus meridionalis A, C, E, G female, UFFE: 28062 B, D, F, H male, UFFE: 34962 I female, UFFE: 33236.