Tynanthus espiritosantensis M.C. Medeiros & L.G. Lohmann, 2014

de Medeiros, Maria Claudia M. P. & Lohmann, Lucia G., 2014, Two new species of Tynanthus Miers (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae) from Brazil, PhytoKeys 42, pp. 77-85 : 81-82

2. Tynanthus espiritosantensis M.C. Medeiros & L.G. Lohmann sp. nov.

Type.

Brazil. Espírito Santo: Linhares, Reserva Natural da CVRD, Estrada Oiticica, km 2.3, 6 Feb 2008, D.A. Folli 5931 (holotype: CVRD-11073!; isotype: SPF!) Fig. 2A-I.

Diagnosis.

Tynanthus espiritosantensis differs from Tynanthus schumannianus (Kuntze) A.H. Gentry by the presence of trichomes in the leaflet domatia (versus absence in Tynanthus schumannianus ), lack of patelliform trichomes on petioles, petiolules and inflorescence axis (versus presence in Tynanthus schumannianus ) and larger calyx, 2.3-2.7 mm long, 1.8-2.5 mm wide (versus 1-2 mm long, 1.1-1.9 mm wide in Tynanthus schumannianus ).

Description.

Liana. Branchlets tetragonal to terete, finely striate, with lenticels, glabrescent (sometimes pubescent at the nodes), with peltate and patelliform trichomes (sometimes simple trichomes also present); interpetiolar ridge absent; interpetiolar glands absent; prophylls of the axillary buds 1.2-2.5 mm long, 0.7-1.1 mm wide, bromeliad-like, glabrescent (rarely puberulent), with peltate trichomes (rarely with simple trichomes as well). Leaves (2-)3 foliolate; terminal leaflets modified into a trifid tendril; petioles and petiolules with a more or less conspicuous canalicule on the upper side, puberulent throughout, with simple and peltate trichomes; petioles 1-6 cm long; petiolules 0.5-3.5 cm long, lateral ones with equal lengths and the terminal one longer, when present; leaflets (4-)5-11.9 cm long, (1.5-)1.9-5.4 cm wide, membranous to chartaceous, discolor, elliptic, apex acuminate or caudate, mucronate, base cuneate, symmetrical, margin entire; the abaxial surface glabrescent (sometimes pubescent) on and near the veins, with peltate and patelliform trichomes (sometimes also simple); the adaxial surface glabrescent on and near the veins, with peltate and patelliform trichomes; glandular trichomes distributed especially on the abaxial surface; first venation pinnate, second venation weak brochidodromous, third venation alternate percurrent (sometimes random reticulate); pocket domatia with trichomes. Inflorescence 3.6-7 cm long, a thyrse, axillary, lax, conical in aspect; axis pubescent, with simple and peltate trichomes; inflorescence bracts 0.7-3.9(-9) mm long, predominantly caducous, triangular to linear triangular, pubescent throughout or only at margins; floral bracts 0.5-0.7 mm long, triangular; floral pedicels 3.5-9 mm long. Calyx green, 2.3-2.7 mm long, 1.8-2.5 mm wide, membranous to chartaceous, with a transversal (sometimes oblique) aperture, minutely 5-denticulate, glabrescent (sometimes pubescent at teeth) outside, with simple, peltate and patelliform trichomes, glabrous inside; lobes 0.1-0.4 mm long. Corolla white, 0.7-0.8 cm long, 0.25-0.34 cm wide at the tube opening, bilabiate, with two (almost totally fused) upper lobes and three lower lobes, densely pubescent throughout outside, with simple and peltate trichomes; tube 2.5-4 mm long, internally glabrous at the top, tomentose to pubescent at the base or glabrescent, with simple, long and short stipitate trichomes; nectar guides absent, but with a path of long and short stipitate trichomes; lobes entire, densely pubescent to pubescent throughout lower ones and at the margin of upper ones; upper ones 0.4-1.1 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, acute to obtuse; lower ones 1.8-3.2 mm long, 2.1-2.5 mm wide, obtuse to rounded (sometimes acute). Androecium with four fertile stamens, inserted at 1-1.5 mm from the base of the corolla; shorter ones 2.5-3.5 mm long; longer ones 4.5-5 mm long; filaments with long and short stipitate trichomes at the base; anthers thecae cream, 0.8-1.1 mm long, obovate to elliptic, divergent and reflexed forward, glabrous, subexserted; conective extending 0.2-0.3 mm beyond anther attachment; staminode glabrescent, with long and short stipitate trichomes, 2.4 mm long. Gynoecium ca. 4.5-6 mm long; ovary 0.8-1 mm long, 0.7-0.9 mm wide, conical, velutinous, with simple trichomes, with a ring of longer trichomes at the base, with two or four series of ovules per locule; nectar disc reduced, not evident; style 3.3-5 mm long, tomentose at the base, with simple trichomes; stigma with lamellae lanceolate, glabrous. Fruits not seen. Seeds not seen.

Distribution and habitat.

Known exclusively from wet forests in Linhares and proximity ( Espírito Santo, Brazil).

Etymology.

The species epithet refers to the type locality.

Phenology.

Flowers from December to February. Fruiting period is unknown.

Conservation status.

According to the IUCN (2001) criteria, this species is considered Data Deficient (DD), given the small number of known collections. Further detailed investigation on the distribution of Tynanthus espiritosantensis is necessary in order to properly assess its conservation status. The two localities in which this species has been collected fall within a single municipality (Linhares), suggesting that this might represent another narrowly distributed species of Tynanthus . Fortunately, the type collection was obtained inside a protected area (Reserva Natural da CVRD).

Discussion.

Tynanthus espiritosantensis is characterized by the bromeliad-like prophylls of the axillary buds and lax thyrses. This species is morphologically similar to the Amazonian Tynanthus schumannianus (Kuntze) A.H. Gentry. However, these taxa can be easily separated by the pubescent leaflet domatia (versus glabrous in Tynanthus schumannianus ), absence of patelliform glands on petioles, petiolules and inflorescence axis (versus presence in Tynanthus schumannianus ) and the larger calyx, 2.3-2.7 mm long, 1.8-2.5 mm wide (versus 1-2 mm long, 1.1-1.9 mm wide in Tynanthus schumannianus ).

Additional specimens examined.

BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Linhares, Rancho Alto, 7 December 1984, G. Hatschbach & J.M. Silva 48693 (MBM, MO, US); Reserva Natural da CVRD, Estrada Oiticica, próximo à porteira, antes do cruzamento com a estrada municipal, 53 m, 19°07'59"S, 40°00'07"W, 27 January 2014, M.C. Medeiros & R.B. Louzada 41 (CVRD, SPF).