Moenkhausia, Eigenmann, 1903

Toledo-Piza, Mônica, Baena, Eduardo G., Dagosta, Fernando C. P., Menezes, Naércio A., Ândrade, Marcelo, Benini, Ricardo C., Bertaco, Vinicius A., Birindelli, José Luís O., Boden, Gert, Buckup, Paulo A., Camelier, Priscila, Carvalho, Fernando R., Castro, Ricardo M. C., Chuctaya, Junior, Decru, Eva, Derijst, Eddy, Dillman, Casey B., Ferreira, Katiane M., Merxem, Dimitri G., Giovannetti, Victor, Hirschmann, Alice, Jégu, Michel, Jerep, Fernando C., Langeani, Francisco, Lima, Flávio C. T., Lucena, Carlos A. S., Lucena, Zilda Margarete S., Malabarba, Luiz R., Malabarba, Maria Cláudia S. L., Marinho, Manoela M. F., Mathubara, Kleber, Mattox, George M. T., Melo, Bruno F., Moelants, Tuur, Moreira, Cristiano R., Musschoot, Tobias, Netto-Ferreira, André L., Ota, Rafaela P., T. Oyakawa, Osvaldo, Pavanelli, Carla S., Reis, Roberto E., Santos, Osmar, Serra, Jane Piton, Silva, Gabriel S. C., Silva-Oliveira, Cárlison, Souza-Lima, Rosana, Vari, Richard P. & Zanata, Angela M., 2024, Checklist of the species of the Order Characiformes (Teleostei: Ostariophysi), Neotropical Ichthyology (e 230086) 22 (1), pp. 1-548 : 222-237

MOENKHAUSIA Eigenmann, 1903

MMF Marinho, RC Benine

Moenkhausia Eigenmann, 1903:145 . Type species: Tetragonopterus xinguensis Steindachner, 1882 . Type by original designation. Gender: Feminine.

Opisthanodus Ahl, 1935:46 . Type species: Opisthanodus haerteli Ahl, 1935 . Type by original designation. Gender: Masculine.

Gymnotichthys Fernández-Yépez, 1950b:9 . Type species: Gymnotichthys hildae Fernández-Yépez, 1950 . Type by original designation. Gender: Masculine. Additional comments: Synonymy proposed by Marinho, Langeani, 2016.

Moenkhausia abyss Oliveira, Marinho, 2016

Moenkhausia abyss Oliveira, Marinho, 2016:567 , figs. 1–3, 6a. Type locality: Brazil, Pará, Porto de Moz , rio Xingu, beach at Porto de Moz, 1°76’33.3”S, 52°23’91”W. Holotype: MZUSP 117077 .

Distribution: 316, 323, 324 (Oliveira, Marinho, 2016).

Remarks: As Moenkhausia cf. megalops by Lima et al., 2013.

Moenkhausia affinis Steindachner, 1915

Moenkhausia affinis Steindachner, 1915b:348 . Type locality: Mündung des Rio Negro. [Three specimens collected by Dr. John D. Haseman near mouth of Rio Negro, Amazon basin, Amazonas, Brazil]. Syntypes: (3) NMW .

Distribution: 314 (Steindachner, 1915b).

Moenkhausia agnesae Géry, 1965

Moenkhausia agnesae Géry, 1965a:14 , Pl. 1 (figs. 1–2). Type locality: Igarapé Préto, collatéral de l’Amazone supérieure près de Belem, à environ 60 km en aval de Leticia. [ Igarapé Préto , along Upper Amazon , near Belem (not Belém , Pará), about 60 kilometers below Leticia, Brazil]. Holotype: SMF 7238 .

Distribution: 316 (Géry, 1965a).

Remarks: Identification key in Géry (1977) and Géry, Zarske (2004).

Moenkhausia alesis Petrolli, Benine, 2015

Moenkhausia alesis Petrolli, Benine, 2015:407 , figs. 5, 9d. Type locality: Tocantins, Conceição de Tocantins; rio Palmas at TO 050, near to Chuva de Manga locality, 12°25’7”S, 47°11’52”W. Holotype: MZUSP 117139 .

Distribution: 324 (Petrolli, Benine, 2015).

Remarks: The distribution of Moenkhausia alesis in figure 4 of Petrolli, Benine (2015) is represented by the blue circles and not by the orange circles as erroneously indicated in the figure legend.

Moenkhausia andrica Reia, Oliveira, Benine, 2021

Moenkhausia andrica Reia, Oliveira, Benine, 2021:1380 , figs. 1–4, 6a1–a2, 8. Type locality: Brazil, Mato Grosso, Diamantino, ribeirão Santo Antônio, rio Arinos , rio Tapajós basin, 14°09’ 09.2”S, 57°19’10”W. Holotype: MZUSP 125834 .

Distribution: 320 (Reia et al., 2021).

Moenkhausia atahualpiana (Fowler, 1907)

Astyanax atahualpianus Fowler, 1907:436 , fig. 36. Type locality: Near Pebas , Peru. [Upper Amazon basin near Pebas, Peru]. Holotype: ANSP 21435 .

Distribution: 316 (Fowler, 1907).

Moenkhausia aurantia Bertaco, Jerep, Carvalho, 2011

Moenkhausia aurantia Bertaco, Jerep, Carvalho, 2011b:30 , figs. 1–3. Type locality: Brazil, Goiás, Nova Roma, córrego Kavanca at fazenda Kavanca , upper rio Tocantins basin, 13°41’34”S 46°57’45”W. Holotype: UFRGS 13619 .

Distribution: 324 (Bertaco et al., 2011b).

Remarks: Picture of color in life in Pastana, Dagosta (2014).

Moenkhausia australis Eigenmann, 1908

Moenkhausia australe Eigenmann, 1908:103 . Type locality: Arroyos Trementina and Chagalalina. [Río Trementina and Río Chagalina are tributaries to Rio Aquido Canigi, Rio Paraguay basin, Paraguay]. Lectotype: CAS 70818. [Designated by Reia et al., 2019: 225].

Distribution: 318, 319, 332, 333, 343, 344 (Eigenmann, 1908; Reia et al., 2019).

Remarks: Reia et al., 2019 considered species as valid, presented redescription and corrected specific epithet to “ australis ” for proper gender concordance.

Moenkhausia barbouri Eigenmann, 1908

Moenkhausia barbouri Eigenmann, 1908:103 . Type locality: Villa Bella. [ Villa Bella corresponds to the city of Parintins at the Amazon river, Amazonas, Brazil]. Syntypes: MCZ 20708 (2).

Distribution: 316, 323a (Eigenmann, 1908; Britzke, 2011).

Remarks: Redescription in Eigenmann (1917) and Britzke (2011). Identification key in Eigenmann (1917) and Géry (1977).

Moenkhausia bellasomniosa Soares, Lima, Bastos, Rapp Py-Daniel, 2019

Moenkhausia bellasomniosa Soares , Lima , Bastos , Rapp Py-Daniel , 2019:232, figs. 1, 2, 4a. Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas , São Gabriel da Cachoeira , small tributary of Rio Curicuriari (a tributary of Rio Negro), 0°14’39”S, 67°03’31”W. Holotype: INPA 49753 .

Distribution: 314 (Soares et al., 2019).

Moenkhausia beninei Lima, Soares, 2018

Moenkhausia beninei Lima , Soares , 2018:70, figs. 1–2. Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas, São Gabriel da Cachoeira, igarapé at km 20 of the road between São Gabriel da Cachoeira and Cucuí, 0°2’59”S, 66°57’48”W. Holotype: ZUEC 16838 .

Distribution: 314 (Lima, Soares, 2018).

Moenkhausia bonita Benine, Castro, Sabino, 2004

Moenkhausia bonita Benine, Castro, Sabino, 2004:68 , figs. 1–2. Type locality: Rio Baía Bonita (21°80’99”S, 56°82’59”W), Parque Baía Bonita , “Aquário Natural”, upper Rio Miranda, Rio Paraguay basin, Mato Grosso do Sul, southwestern Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 79805.

Distribution: 319, 321, 332, 342, 343, 344, 345 (Benine et al., 2004; Vanegas-Ríos et al., 2019).

Remarks: Study on geographic variation by Vanegas-Ríos et al., 2019.

Moenkhausia britskii Azevedo-Santos, Benine, 2016

Moenkhausia britskii Azevedo-Santos, Benine, 2016:204 , figs. 1, 2a, 3a, 4a, 5. Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas State , Santo Antônio do Içá Municipality, Rio Içá, approximately 60 km above its mouth, 3°0’7.68” S, 69°2’49.52”W. Holotype: MZUSP 120691 .

Distribution: 316 (Azevedo-Santos, Benine, 2016).

Moenkhausia browni Eigenmann, 1909

Moenkhausia browni Eigenmann, 1909a:13 . Type locality: Aruataima Falls , Potaro River. [Aruataima Falls, Potaro River, Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 52732 .

Distribution: 310 (Eigenmann, 1909a).

Remarks: Redescription in Eigenmann (1917). Identification key in Eigenmann (1917) and Géry (1977).

Moenkhausia cambacica Marinho, Ohara, Dagosta, 2021

Moenkhausia cambacica Marinho, Ohara, Dagosta, 2021:4 , figs. 1–5. Type locality: Brazil, Rondônia State, Municipality of Vilhena, rio Madeira basin, upper rio Machado , tributary of igarapé Ávila , near BR-364 road, 12°30’36.9”S, 60°28’20.29”W. Holotype: MZUSP 125792 .

Distribution: 321 (Marinho, Ohara, Dagosta, 2021).

Moenkhausia celibela Marinho, Langeani, 2010

Moenkhausia celibela Marinho, Langeani, 2010a:880 , figs. 1–2. Type locality: Igarapé tributary of the Rio Tapajós , at the bridge of the road between Pimental and Itaituba, 2 km from Pimental, 4°33’48”S, 56°15’40”W, Pará State, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 102984 .

Distribution: 315, 316, 320, 322 (Marinho, Langeani, 2010a).

Moenkhausia ceros Eigenmann, 1908

Moenkhausia ceros Eigenmann, 1908:104 . Type locality: Lake Hyanauary. [Lago Janauari, Amazon basin, Amazonas, Brazil]. Holotype: MCZ 49161 .

Distribution: 314, 316, 321, 322 (Eigenmann, 1908; Lima et al., 2013).

Remarks: Redescription in Eigenmann (1918b). Taxonomic remarks and identification key for the species from the rio Madeira basin in Lima et al. (2013). Identification key at generic level in Géry (1977).

Moenkhausia chlorophthalma Sousa, Netto-Ferreira, Birindelli, 2010

Moenkhausia chlorophthalma Sousa, Netto-Ferreira, Birindelli, 2010:256 , figs. 1–3. Type locality: Brazil, Pará , Altamira , rio Treze de Maio , tributary of rio Curuá , rio Iriri basin, rio Xingu drainage, 08°45’06”S, 55°02’05”W. Holotype: MZUSP 99412 .

Distribution: 322 ( Sousa et al., 2010).

Moenkhausia chrysargyrea (Günther, 1864)

Tetragonopterus chrysargyreus Günther, 1864:328 . Type locality: Essequibo. [ Guyana]. Holotype: BMNH 1864.1.21.69.

Moenkhausia chrysargyrea leucopomis Fowler, 1914a:244 , fig. 7. Type locality: Rupununi River , British Guyana. [ Guyana]. Holotype: ANSP 39330 .

Distribution: 311, 314, 315, 324 (Planquette et al., 1996).

Remarks: Redescription in Eigenmann (1917). Identification key in Eigenmann (1917) and Géry (1977).

Moenkhausia collettii (Steindachner, 1882)

Tetragonopterus collettii Steindachner, 1882c:33 . Type locality: … Amazonenstrome bei Obidos und aus den Hyavary …. [ Javari River , tributary of Solimões River at the Brazilian-border , ca. 4°21’S, 70°02’W; Brazil, Pará , Amazon River at Óbidos, 1°52’S, 55°30’W (Benine in Reis et al., 2003)]. Syntypes: (several)? MCZ 20843 (42) Obidos,? MCZ 90154 (3) Obidos; NMW 57379–82 (3, 3, 2, 5).

Distribution: 307, 310, 311, 314, 316, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323 (Steindachner, 1882c; Lima et al., 2013; MMF Marinho, pers. obs.).

Remarks: Redescription in Eigenmann (1917). Identification key in Eigenmann (1917) and Géry (1977).

Moenkhausia comma Eigenmann, 1908

Monkhausia comma Eigenmann, 1908:102 . Type locality: Cudajas. [ Codajás lake , Brazil]. Syntypes: MCZ 20972 (2).

Distribution: 316, 318, 319, 320, 321 (Eigenmann, 1908; Lima et al., 2013).

Remarks: Redescription in Eigenmann (1917). Identification key in Eigenmann (1917) and Géry (1977).

Moenkhausia conspicua Soares, Bührnheim, 2016

Moenkhausia conspicua Soares, Bührnheim, 2016:393 , figs. 1–3. Type locality: Brazil, Pará, Mojuí dos Campos, rio Curuá-Una , igarapé near Tabocal community, 2°37’35.9”S, 54°42’36.3”W. [Solimões River at Codajás, near Ilha Codajás, Amazonas, Brazil, 3°55’S, 62°0’W (Benine in Reis et al., 2003)]. Holotype: INPA 38782 .

Distribution: 316 (Soares, Bührnheim, 2016).

Moenkhausia copei (Steindachner, 1882)

Tetragonopterus copei Steindachner, 1882c:35 . Type locality: ...Amazonestrom bei Santarem. [Amazon river at Santarém, Pará]. Syntypes: (several)?MCZ 89960 (30) Obidos; NMW 57383 (5).

Distribution: 316 (Steindachner, 1882c).

Remarks: Redescription in Eigenmann (1917). Identification key in Eigenmann (1917) and Géry (1977).

Moenkhausia cosmops Lima, Britski, Machado, 2007

Moenkhausia cosmops Lima, Britski, Machado, 2007:47, figs. 1–3. Type locality: Brazil, Mato Grosso, Sapezal, córrego Vinte e Cinco de Maio, near its mouth at the Rio Papagaio , 13°35’47” S, 58°25’27”W. Holotype: MZUSP 93494 .

Distribution: 320, 343 (Lima et al., 2007).

Moenkhausia costae (Steindachner, 1907)

Tetragonopterus costae Steindachner, 1907c:84 . Type locality: Rio San Francisco, Rio grande do Norte und Rio Preto bei Joazeiro, Barra, Sa Rita [ Brazil]. Syntypes: MNHN 1907-0178 (4) ; MZUT 1682 (3) ; NMW 57391–98 (8?) , 57401–06 (6?), 57408–09 (2?) 57411 (1); ZSM 7586–87 (2).

Distribution: 327 (Steindachner, 1907c. Introduced in 326 (Ramos et al., 2021)).

Remarks: Redescription in Eigenmann (1917). Identification key in Eigenmann (1917) and Géry (1977).

Moenkhausia cotinho Eigenmann, 1908

Moenkhausia cotinho Eigenmann, 1908:104 . Type locality: Para , Thayer Expedition. [ Brazil]. Lectotype: MCZ 21070 . [Designated by Mathubara, Toledo-Piza, 2020:12].

Knodus albolineatus Holly, 1929:117 [1]. Type locality: Piquirão (Amazonasgebiet). [ Brazil]. Syntypes: NMW 83365 (2). [but see Bogutskaya et al., 2022:49]. Status of species discussed by Zarske, Géry (2006c).

Distribution: 307*, 308, 310, 311, 314*, 315, 319, 320*, 321, 322, 323, 316 (Eigenmann, 1918; Lowe-McConnell, 1991; Lima et al., 2013; Mathubara, Toledo-Piza, 2020; MMF Marinho, pers. obs.).

Remarks: Species redescribed by Mathubara, Toledo-Piza, 2020.

Moenkhausia crisnejas Pearson, 1929

Moenkhausia crisnejas Pearson , in Eigenmann, Myers, 1929:524. Type locality: Paipay, Rio Crisnejas , Peru. Syntypes: CAS 60477 (24).

Distribution: 317 (Eigenmann, Myers, 1929).

Remarks: Probably a species of Stevardiinae (MMF Marinho, pers. obs.).

Moenkhausia dasalmas Bertaco, Jerep, Carvalho, 2011

Moenkhausia dasalmas Bertaco, Jerep, Carvalho, 2011a:59 , figs. 1–5. Type locality: Brazil, Goiás, Cavalcante , tributary of the rio das Almas about 8 km North of Cavalcante on GO 241 road, upper rio Tocantins basin, between Cavalcante and Minaçu, 13°43’13”S, 47°27’20”W. Holotype: UFRGS 11221.

Distribution: 324 (Bertaco et al., 2011a).

Remarks: Largest known specimen of 79.2 mm SL (MZUSP 113838).

Moenkhausia diamantina Benine, Castro, Santos, 2007

Moenkhausia diamantina Benine, Castro, Santos, 2007:260 , figs. 1–2. Type locality: Foz do rio Toalhas , rio Paraguaçu basin, município de Lençóis, Bahia, Brazil. Holotype: MNRJ 30168 .

Distribution: 328 (Benine et al., 2007).

Moenkhausia dichroura (Kner, 1858)

Tetragonopterus dichrourus Kner, 1858a:80 . Type locality: Brasilien. [ Kner (1859:179) provided more detailed information about the type locality of the species: the author cited specimens from Rio Guaporé , Caiçara and Rio Paraguay, Brazil]. Syntypes: NMW 56219 (4), 57593 (2).

Distribution: 343 (Kner, 1858a; Britzke, 2011).

Remarks: Redescription in Eigenmann (1917). Identification key in Eigenmann (1917) and Géry (1977).

Moenkhausia diktyota Lima, Toledo-Piza, 2001

Moenkhausia diktyota Lima , Toledo-Piza , 2001:1058, figs 1–2. Type locality: Rio Negro , igarapé at São João , near Santa Isabel do Rio Negro, 0°24’S, 65°02’W, Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 62614 .

Distribution: 314 (Lima, Toledo-Piza, 2001).

Moenkhausia dorsinuda Zarske, Géry, 2002

Moenkhausia dorsinuda Zarske, Géry, 2002:13 , figs. 1–3. Type locality: Bolivien, Departamento Beni , Río Ipurupuru, unweit der Kreuzung des Flusses an der Strasse nach San Ramón, etwa 73km nördlich Trinidad (14°12’538”S, 64°56’268”W [sic]). [Río Ipurupuru, not far from the crossing of the river and the road to San Ramón, about 73 kilometers north of Trinidad, 14°12’53.8”S, 64°56’26.8”W, Departamento Beni , Bolivia]. Holotype: MTD F 24833.

Distribution: 318 (Zarske, Géry, 2002).

Moenkhausia eigenmanni Géry, 1964

Moenkhausia eigenmanni Géry, 1964c:30 , fig. 5. Type locality: About 200 miles east of Bogota, Colombia , in the upper Rio Meta drainage. Holotype: USNM 198640 .

Distribution: 307 (Géry, 1964c).

Remarks: Identification key in Géry (1977).

Moenkhausia eurystaenia Marinho, 2010

Moenkhausia eurystaenia Marinho, 2010:656 , figs. 1–2. Type locality: Rio Von Den Stein , on the road to Agua Limpa , 13°14’19”S, 54°53’01”W, rio Ronura drainage, rio Xingu basin, Nova Ubiratã, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 106058 .

Distribution: 322 (Marinho, 2010).

Moenkhausia flava Britzke, Troy, Oliveira, Benine, 2018

Moenkhausia flava Britzke, Troy, Oliveira, Benine, 2018:3 , figs. 1–2, 4, 6. Type locality: Brazil, Mato Grosso State, Tangará da Serra, Córrego São Jorge, tributary of rio Sepotuba , rio Paraguay basin, 14°27’24.9”S, 57°34’32.7”W. Holotype: MZUSP 123719 .

Distribution: 343 (Britzke, Troy, Oliveira, Benine, 2018).

Moenkhausia forestii Benine, Mariguela, Oliveira, 2009

Moenkhausia forestii Benine, Mariguela, Oliveira, 2009:162 , figs. 1–2. Type locality: Brazil, Mato Grosso State, Cáceres, rio Sepotuba , rio Paraguay basin, 15°46’07”S, 57°38’54”W. Holotype: MZUSP 97827 .

Distribution: 343 (Benine et al., 2009).

Remarks: Included in molecular analysis by Reia et al. (2019).

Moenkhausia goya Deprá, Azevedo-Santos, Vitorino Júnior, Dagosta, Marinho, Benine, 2018

Moenkhausia goya Deprá, Azevedo-Santos, Vitorino Júnior, Dagosta, Marinho, Benine, 2018:88 , figs. 1–3. Type locality: Brazil, Goiás, Pirenópolis, ribeirão Dois Irmãos, trib. rio das Almas, rio Maranhão basin, 15°42’50”S, 49°2’39”W, elevation 713 m. Holotype: MCP 51734 .

Distribution: 324 (Deprá, Azevedo-Santos, Vitorino Júnior, Dagosta, Marinho, Benine, 2018).

Moenkhausia gracilima Eigenmann, 1908

Moenkhausia lepidurus gracilimus Eigenmann, 1908:104 . Type locality: Villa Bella. Serpa, Brazil. [Villa Bella corresponds to the city of Parintins and Serpa to the city of Itacoatiara, Amazonas, Brazi]. Syntypes: (21) MCZ 20983 (now 13), USNM 120279 (4) Serpa .

Distribution: 314, 316, 321a, 323a (Eigenmann, 1908; Géry, 1992; Marinho, 2009).

Remarks: A very similar form occurs in the upper rio Parana basin. A taxonomic revision is necessary to properly diagnose the species. For taxonomic notes and identification key see Géry (1992) and Marinho, Langeani (2016).

Moenkhausia grandisquamis (Müller, Troschel, 1845)

Tetragonopterus grandisquamis Müller, Troschel, 1845:27 , Pl. 8 (fig. 2). Type locality: Surinam. Syntypes:? ZMB 3593 (1). [information about types requires further research].

Distribution: 311, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 324 (Valter M. Azevedo-Santos, pers. comm.).

Moenkhausia hasemani Eigenmann, 1917

Moenkhausia lepidura hasemani Eigenmann, 1917:102 , Pls. 15 (fig. 3), 101 (fig. 5). Type locality: Santarem. [ Rio Amazonas at Santarém, Amazonas, Brazil]. Holotype: FNNH 55055 .

Distribution: 314*, 316, 318*, 319*, 320*, 321*, 322*, 323*, 324* (Eigenmann, 1917; MMF Marinho, pers. obs.).

Remarks: Identification key in Marinho, Langeani, 2016.

Moenkhausia heikoi Géry, Zarske, 2004

Moenkhausia heikoi Géry, Zarske, 2004:30 , figs. 1–7. Type locality: Rio Iriri , a lefthand tributary of the Rio Xingú well above Altamira , among rocks in 2,5 m depth at edge of island between Rio Novo and Igarapé Grota, ca. 10 km below mouth of R. Novo, State of Pará, Brazil, co-ordinates approximately 4°25’S, 53°40’W. Holotype: MZUSP 83536 .

Astyanax dnophos Lima , Zuanon , 2004:118, figs. 1–3. Type locality: Brazil, Pará , Altamira , rio Xingu, Costa Júnior, 03°29’37”S, 52°20’10”W. Holotype: INPA 22072 . Status of species discussed by Lima et al. (2006).

Distribution: 322 (Géry, Zarske, 2004; Lima, Zuanon, 2004; Lima et al., 2006).

Remarks: Publication of the description Moenkhausia heikoi preceded that of Astyanax dnophos by five days and therefore has priority (Lima et al., 2006:31).

Moenkhausia hemigrammoides Géry, 1965

Moenkhausia hemigrammoides Géry, 1965d:109 , fig. 6. Type locality: Matoekasie creek , on the road Albina-Moengo, Cottica River, basin. [ Suriname]. Holotype: ZMA 104227 .

Distribution: 306, 307, 311 (Géry, 1965d; Méndez-López, Urbano-Bonilla, 2019).

Moenkhausia hysterosticta Lucinda, Malabarba, Benine, 2007

Moenkhausia hysterosticta Lucinda, Malabarba, Benine, 2007:62 , figs. 1–2. Type locality: Rio Tocantins, Ipueiras, approximately 11°19’S, 48°28’W, Tocantins, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 32559 .

Distribution: 307, 316a, 321, 324 (Lucinda et al., 2007; Marinho, 2009; Lima et al., 2013).

Remarks: Taxonomic remarks in Marinho (2009) and identification key in Marinho, Langeani (2016).

Moenkhausia icae Eigenmann, 1908

Moenkhausia lepidurus icae Eigenmann, 1908:103 . Type locality: Iça. [ Rio Içá , tributary of rio Solimões, Amazon basin, Brazil]. Syntypes: (many) MCZ 20810 (1), 20812 (30, missing).

Distribution: 316 (Eigenmann, 1908; Géry, 1992; Marinho, 2009).

Remarks: Identification key in Eigenmann (1917), Géry (1992), Marinho, Langeani (2016). Taxonomic review in Marinho (2009).

Moenkhausia inrai Géry, 1992

Moenkhausia inrai Géry, 1992:74 , figs. 7–11. Type locality: Crique Roche au-dessus du Saut Grand Canori, Approuague. [ Rock Creek upstream of the Grand Saut Canori, Approuague, French Guiana]. Holotype: MNHN 1992-0943 .

Distribution: 311 (Géry, 1992; Planquette et al., 1996).

Remarks: Redescription in Marinho (2009). Identification key in Géry (1992) and Marinho (2009). See Planquette et al. (1966) for notes on taxonomy, ecology, and distribution.

Moenkhausia intermedia Eigenmann, 1908

Moenkhausia dichrourus intermedius Eigenmann, 1908:103 . Type locality: Tabatinga. [ Amazonas , Brazil]. Syntypes: MCZ 20762 (2).

Astyanax bipunctialbicaudalis Godoy, 1977:666 , figs. 6–8. Type locality: Rio Mogi Gaussu , Cachoeira de Emas, Pirassununga (SP), mais ou menos 500m abaixo da ponte. [ Brazil]. Holotype: EEBP 718 [probably lost, see Sabaj, 2020 for comments on EEBP collection].

Distribution: 316, 318, 319, 320, 321 (Eigenmann, 1908; Eigenmann, 1917; Lima et al., 2013).

Remarks: Identification key in Eigenmann (1917) and Géry (1977). Redescription in Eigenmann (1917). Distributional comments in Vanegas-Ríos et al. (2019).

Moenkhausia ischyognatha Petrolli, Benine, 2015

Moenkhausia ischyognatha Petrolli, Benine, 2015:404 , figs. 2, 3, 9c. Type locality: Mato Grosso, Gaúcha do Norte ; Rio Curisevo , afluente rio Xingu , Porto Vitório, next ribeirão Kevuaieli, 13°02’05”S 53°25’19” W. [ Brazil]. Holotype: MZUSP 117140 .

Distribution: 322 (Petrolli, Benine, 2015).

Remarks: The distribution of Moenkhausia ischyognatha in figure 4 of Petrolli, Benine (2015) is represented by the orange circles and not by the blue circles as erroneously indicated in the figure legend.

Moenkhausia jamesi Eigenmann, 1908

Moenkhausia jamesi Eigenmann, 1908:102 . Type locality: Iça Obidos , Lago do Máximo, Tajapuru. [ Brazil]. Syntypes: MCZ 20734 (1), 20742 (1), 20816 (2), 20827 (1). [Paralectotype designation by Petrolli, Benine (2015:413) is in error. All specimens are syntypes].

Distribution: 316 (Eigenmann, 1908; Petrolli, Benine, 2015).

Remarks: Identification key in Eigenmann (1917) and Géry (1977). Redescription in Eigenmann (1917) and Petrolli, Benine, 2015).

Moenkhausia justae Eigenmann, 1908

Moenkhausia justae Eigenmann, 1908:102 . Type locality: Type locality not given. [Eigenmann (1917) later stated that the single (type) specimen of M. justae “came with others from Dr. Justa through Major Coutinho and was probably found in the neighborhood of Manaos” (= Manaus), Brazil]. Holotype: MCZ 21014.

Distribution: 316, 324 (Eigenmann, 1908; Petrolli, Benine, 2015).

Remarks: Identification key in Eigenmann (1917) and Géry (1977). Redescription in Eigenmann (1917) and Petrolli, Benine, 2015).

Moenkhausia lata Eigenmann, 1908

Moenkhausia lepidurus latus Eigenmann, 1908:103 . Type locality: Rio Tapajós. Syntypes: (many) CAS 42760 (5), MCZ 20860 (19), USNM 120278 (4).

Distribution: 307a, 308a, 314a, 316 (Eigenmann, 1908; Marinho, 2009; Lima et al., 2013).

Remarks: Identification key in Eigenmann (1917), Géry (1992), Lima et al. (2013) and (Marinho, Langeani, 2016). Taxonomic review in Marinho (2009). Taxonomic notes in Lima et al. (2013).

Moenkhausia latissima Eigenmann, 1908

Moenkhausia latissimus Eigenmann, 1908:101 . Type locality: Tabatinga. [ Tabatinga , upper rio Amazonas basin near Brazil and Colombia border, Amazonas, Brazil]. Syntypes: (many) MCZ 20767 (9), 20769 (now 9); USNM 120277 (3).

Distribution: 316 (Eigenmann, 1908).

Remarks: Humeral spot horizontally elongate (similar to Moenkhausia comma ), a series of dark longitudinal lines on body and 30–33 branched anal-fin rays. Considered a species of Gymnocorymbus by Géry (1977) but not by Lima et al. (2003) and Benine et al. (2015). Identification key and redescription in Eigenmann (1917).

Moenkhausia lepidura (Kner, 1858)

Tetragonopterus lepidurus Kner, 1858a:80 . Type locality: Brasilien. [ Kner (1859) later indicated type locality as “ Rio Guaporé ”]. Syntype: NMW 57566 (1). [ Kner (1858a) presented a brief description of Moenkhausia lepidura not mentioning the number of specimens examined. Later , Kner (1859) redescribed the species in more detail. The number of specimens analyzed was not specified, but description of the variation of meristic data suggested that more than one specimen was examined. ( Marinho , Langeani , 2016). Marinho, Langeani (2016) found only one specimen treated as a syntype ( NMW 57566 )] .

Knodus calliurus Ahl, 1931a:208 , fig. 2. Type locality: Rio Capim. [Rio Capim, lower Amazon basin, Pará, Brazil]. Holotype: ZMB 23684 .

Gymnotichthys hildae Fernández-Yépez, 1950b:10 , Pl. 2 (fig. 1). Type locality: Rio Autana. [Amazonas, Venezuela]. Holotype: MHNLS 963 . Synonymy proposed by Marinho, Langeani, 2016. Comments in Géry (1977:451); identification key in Géry (1992:78).

Distribution: 307, 308, 316, 314*, 319, 321, 323*, 324* (Kner, 1859; Lima et al., 2013; MMF Marinho, pers. obs.).

Remarks: The species was briefly described in Kner (1858a). A more detailed description was given in Kner (1859). Taxonomic comments and identification key in Géry (1992). Redescription and identification key in Marinho, Langeani (2016). Comments on relationships in Darlim, Marinho (2018).

Moenkhausia levidorsa Benine, 2002

Moenkhausia levidorsa Benine, 2002:290 , fig. 1, 3a, 4a. Type locality: Núcleo Aripuanã, igarapé do Aeroporto, Furo Bahia, above cachoeira de Dardanelos (approximately 10°10’S, 59°25’W). [ Brazil]. Holotype: INPA 16774 .

Distribution: 321 (Benine, 2002).

Moenkhausia lineomaculata Dagosta, Marinho, Benine, 2015

Moenkhausia lineomaculata Dagosta, Marinho, Benine, 2015:418 , figs. 1–3. Type locality: Campos de Júlio , rio Juruena at Fazenda Tiroleza, upper rio Tapajós basin, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, 14°16’37”S, 59°5’22”W. Holotype: MZUSP 117108 .

Distribution: 320 (Dagosta et al., 2015).

Moenkhausia lopesi Britski, de Silimon, 2001

Moenkhausia lopesi Britski, de Silimon, 2001:113 , fig. 2–3. Type locality: Ribeirão Sozinho na rodovia BR 163 , entre Rondonópolis e Coxim (aproximadamente 17°30’S, 55°10’W), município de Rondonópolis, Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 64480 .

Distribution: 320, 343* (Britski, de Silimon, 2001; MMF Marinho, pers. obs.).

Remarks: Picture of color in life in Bertaco et al. (2011b).

Moenkhausia loweae Géry, 1992

Moenkhausia loweae Géry, 1992:73 , fig. 6. Type locality: Rio das Mortes à Xavantina. [Rio das Mortes at Xavantina , Mato Grosso, upper rio Araguaia basin, Brazil]. Holotype: MZUSP 44560 .

Distribution: 322a, 324 (Géry, 1992; Marinho, 2009).

Remarks: Taxonomic review in Marinho (2009). Identification key in Géry (1992) and Marinho, Langeani, 2016).

Moenkhausia madeirae Fowler, 1913

Moenkhausia lepidura madeirae Fowler, 1913b:540 , fig. 11. Type locality: Tributary of Rio Madeira near Porto Velho, Brazil. Holotype: ANSP 39224 .

Distribution: 318, 319, 321 (Lima et al., 2020).

Remarks: Species revalidated and redescribed by Lima et al., 2020.

Moenkhausia margitae Zarske, Géry, 2001

Moenkhausia margitae Zarske, Géry, 2001a:7 , figs. 1–2. Type locality: Peru, Ucayali, Quebrada an der Strasse Campo verde-Nueva Requena (etwa auf halber Strecke ). [Stream on road Campo Verde-Nueva Requena (about half-way), Ucayali, Amazon basin, Peru]. Holotype: MTD F 17256 .

Distribution: 316 ( Zarske, Géry, 2001a).

Moenkhausia megalops (Eigenmann, 1907)

Astyanax megalops Eigenmann , in Eigenmann , Ogle, 1907:29. Type locality: Itaituba, Brazil. [Itaituba, Rio Tapajós basin, Pará, Brazil]. Holotype: CAS 71433.

Distribution: 319, 320, 321 (Eigenmann, 1907; Lima et al., 2013).

Remarks: Identification key in Eigenmann (1917), Géry (1977) and Marinho, Langeani (2016. Redescription in Eigenmann (1917). Taxonomic comments and picture in life in Oliveira, Marinho (2016).

Moenkhausia melogramma Eigenmann, 1908

Moenkhausia melogrammus Eigenmann, 1908:102 . Type locality: Tabatinga. [ Tabatinga , upper rio Amazonas basin near Brazil and Colombia border, Amazonas, Brazil]. Holotype: MCZ 20825 .

Distribution: 316 (Eigenmann, 1908).

Remarks: Species redescribed by Soares et al., 2020.

Moenkhausia metae Eigenmann, 1922

Moenkhausia metae Eigenmann, 1922:234 , Pl. 34 (fig. 3). Type locality: Barrigón, rio Meta. [Rio Meta at Puerto Barrigón, Orinoco river basin, Colombia ]. Holotype: CAS 55610.

Distribution: 307 (Eigenmann, 1922).

Remarks: Identification key in Géry (1977).

Moenkhausia miangi Steindachner, 1915

Moenkhausia miangi Steindachner, 1915c:43 [29], Pl. 3 (fig. 5). Type locality: Miang an der Grenze von Venezuela. [Miang, on the border of Venezuela]. Syntypes: (10) NMW 56297–300 (1, 2, 9, 1).

Distribution: 308 (Steindachner, 1915c).

Moenkhausia mikia Marinho, Langeani, 2010

Moenkhausia mikia Marinho, Langeani, 2010b:58 , figs. 1–5. Type locality: Rio Tiquié , rio Negro drainage, igapó at Jabuti village, Amazonas, Brazil, 0°16’31.9”N, 69°53’36.4”W. Holotype: MZUSP 85166 .

Distribution: 314, 316, 320, 321, 323 (Marinho, Langeani, 2010b).

Remarks: Identification key in Lima et al. (2013) and Marinho, Langeani (2016).

Moenkhausia moisae Géry, Planquette, Le Bail, 1995

Moenkhausia moisae Géry, Planquette, Le Bail, 1995:67 , figs. 1–2. Type locality: Crique Balaté , Bas Maroni. [ French Guiana]. Holotype: MNHN 1995-1073 .

Distribution: 311 (Géry et al., 1995).

Moenkhausia monicae Marinho, Dagosta, Camelier, Lima, 2016

Moenkhausia monicae Marinho, Dagosta, Camelier , Lima , 2016a:243, fig. 1–2. Type locality: Brazil, Mato Grosso, Sapezal , Rio Buriti , tributary of Rio Papagaio at Ilha do Papagaio , Rio Juruena drainage, Rio Tapajós basin, 12°48’02.8”S, 58°23’54.5”W. Holotype: MZUSP 115489 .

Distribution: 320 (Marinho et al., 2016a).

Moenkhausia mutum Dagosta, Marinho, 2016

Moenkhausia mutum Dagosta, Marinho, 2016 :[2], fig. 1. Type locality: Brazil, Mato Groso State, Nova Mutum , stream at road Nobres-Nova Mutum , on the intersection before Nova Mutum , tributary of rio dos Patos, rio Arinos drainage, rio Tapajós basin, 13°49’9”S, 56°10’53.9”W. Holotype: MZUSP 117071.

Distribution: 320 (Dagosta, Marinho, 2016).

Moenkhausia naponis Böhlke, 1958

Moenkhausia naponis Böhlke, 1958a:14 , Pl. 2 (fig. 2), figs. 1–2. Type locality: Headwaters of Río Arajuno. [Headwaters of Río Arajuno, southern tributary of the upper Napo, Ecuador, 1°24’ to 1°26’S, 77°50’ to 77°55’W]. Holotype: USNM 164067 .

Distribution: 313 (Böhlke, 1958a).

Remarks: Identification key in Géry (1977).

Moenkhausia newtoni Travassos, 1964

Moenkhausia newtoni Travassos, 1964:543 , fig. 6–9. Type locality: Rio Cachimbo , Cachimbo , Aeroporto da FAB. Abaixo do salto. Estado do Pará. 9°22’S, 54°5’W, Brazil. [The type locality is situated near a watershed between Xingu and Tapajós river basins. The coordinates indicate a tributary of the rio Xingu basin]. Holotype: MNRJ 9177 .

Distribution: 322 (Travassos, 1964).

Moenkhausia nigromarginata Costa, 1994

Moenkhausia nigromarginata Costa , 1994:22, figs. 1–2. Type locality: Brazil: Estado de Mato Grasso , small stream, tributary to rio Cravari near the road MT-170, about 10 kilometers N of Campo Novo do Parecis , rio Tapajós basin. Holotype: MNRJ 12429 .

Distribution: 320 (Costa, 1994).

Remarks: Picture of color in life in Pastana, Dagosta (2014).

Moenkhausia oligolepis (Günther, 1864)

Tetragonopterus oligolepis Günther, 1864:327 . Type locality: British Guiana [ Guyana]. Holotype: BMNH 1969.12.19.2.

Tetragonopterus agassizii Steindachner, 1876c:89 [41], Pl. 8 (fig. 2). Type locality: Tabatinga. [ Brazil]. Syntypes: (several) ZMUC 42 (1); NMW 57176–79 (2, 2, 3, 2).

Distribution: 308, 311, 314, 316, 318, 319, 320, 323, 324, 343 (Günther, 1864; Benine et al., 2009; Lima et al., 2013; Dagosta, de Pinna, 2019).

Remarks: Identification key in Eigenmann (1917), Géry (1992), Marinho (2009) and Lima et al. (2013) (for the species from the Rio Madeira). Taxonomic notes in Benine et al. (2009) and Lima et al. (2013). Included in molecular analysis by Reia et al. (2019).

Moenkhausia orteguasae Fowler, 1943

Moenkhausia orteguasae Fowler, 1943d:233 , fig. 14. Type locality: Florencia , Rio Orteguasa, Colombia . Holotype: ANSP 70496 .

Distribution: 313 (Fowler, 1943d).

Remarks: Apparently, this species has both caudal-fin lobes dark, similar to Moenkhausia dichroura (Fowler, 1943d; Britzke, 2011).

Moenkhausia ovalis (Günther, 1868)

Tetragonopterus ovalis Günther, 1868a:480 . Type locality: Xeberos. [ Upper Amazon basin, Jeberos, Loreto, Peru]. Holotype: BMNH 1867.6 .13.87.

Distribution: 316 (Günther, 1868a).

Remarks: Brief redescription in Eigenmann (1917). Identification key in Eigenmann (1917) and Géry (1977).

Moenkhausia pankilopteryx Bertaco, Lucinda, 2006

Moenkhausia pankilopteryx Bertaco, Lucinda, 2006:59 , figs. 2–3. Type locality: Brazil: Pará: rio Itacaiunas (rio Tocantins drainage), about 10 km east of road N–4, Serra dos Carajás at Igarapé, approx. 05°52’S, 50°32’W. Holotype: MZUSP 88258 .

Distribution: 324 (Bertaco, Lucinda, 2006).

Remarks: Taxonomic notes in Lima et al. (2013) under Moenkhausia cf. pankilopteryx .

Moenkhausia parecis Ohara, Marinho, 2016

Moenkhausia parecis Ohara, Marinho, 2016 :[2] 38, figs. 1–2. Type locality: Brazil, Rondônia, Vilhena, rio Madeira basin, upper rio Machado , tributary of igarapé Piracolina , near road BR 364 , 12°48’56.5”S, 60°06’37.6”W. Holotype: MZUSP 116070 .

Distribution: 321 (Ohara, Marinho, 2016).

Moenkhausia petymbuaba Lima, Birindelli, 2006

Moenkhausia petymbuaba Lima , Birindelli , 2006:54, figs. 1–2. Type locality: Brazil: Estado do Pará : Rio Curuá , Serra do Cachimbo, Santarém-Cuiabá road, ca. 8°44’S, 54°57’W. Holotype: MZUSP 85577 .

Distribution: 322 (Lima, Birindelli, 2006).

Remarks: Picture of color in life in Sousa et al. (2010).

Moenkhausia phaeonota Fink, 1979

Moenkhausia phaeonota Fink, 1979:2 , figs. 1–2. Type locality: Brazil, Mato Grosso, from the shores of an island “below Rio dos Peixes”, Rio Arinos , Juruena-Tapajós drainage. Holotype: MZUSP 13793 .

Distribution: 320, 321*, 322, 343 (Fink, 1979; Lowe-McConnell, 1991; Lima et al., 2007; MMF Marinho, pers. obs.).

Remarks: Moenkhausia phaeonota occurs in the upper portions of Rio Madeira, Rio Tapajós, Rio Xingu and Rio Paraguai basins. Some populations of the Rio Madeira and Rio Teles Pires (Tapajós) drainages have the lateral line incompletely pored.

Moenkhausia pirahan Mathubara, Toledo-Piza, 2020

Moenkhausia pirahan Mathubara, Toledo-Piza, 2020:25 , figs. 4B, 7C, 13–16. Type locality: Brazil, Rondônia, Igarapé Traíra, Transamazônica highway, 40 Km from the ferryboat of Humaitá , to Apuí , Humaitá , 7°35’31”S, 62°44’45”W. Holotype: MZUSP 125777 .

Distribution: 316, 320 (Mathubara, Toledo-Piza, 2020).

Moenkhausia pirauba Zanata, Birindelli, Moreira, 2010

Moenkhausia pirauba Zanata, Birindelli, Moreira, 2010:2616 , figs 1, 2b, 3b, 4b, 5. Type locality: Estado do Mato Grosso, Município de Campinápolis , Rio Sucuri , tributary of Rio Culuene, Rio Xingu basin, 13°55’40”S, 53°17’10”W. [ Brazil]. Holotype: MZUSP 97741 .

Distribution: 320, 322, 324* (Zanata et al., 2010; MMF Marinho, pers. obs.).

Remarks: Two populations from the upper rio Araguaia basin present similar coloration and high scale counts (diagnostic for Moenkhausia pirauba ), and thus are herein considered conspecific.

Moenkhausia pittieri Eigenmann, 1920

Moenkhausia pittieri Eigenmann, 1920:10 , Pl. 3. Type locality: Concejo , Rio Tiquirito. [Concejo, rio Tiquirito, Orinoco river basin, Venezuela]. Holotype: CAS 62059.

Opisthanodus haerteli Ahl, 1935:47 . Type locality: Amazonas bei Para. [Amazonas at Pará, Brazil]. Lectotype: ZMB 20793 . [Designated by Zarske, Géry (1995)].

Distribution: 308 (Eigenmann, 1920).

Remarks: Identification key in Géry (1977).

Moenkhausia plumbea Sousa, Netto-Ferreira, Birindelli, 2010

Moenkhausia plumbea Sousa, Netto-Ferreira, Birindelli, 2010:259 , figs. 6–8. Type locality: Brazil, Pará , Novo Progresso , tributary to rio Braço Norte , at bridge of BR 163 road near Air Force Base , rio Peixoto de Azevedo , rio Teles Pires drainage, rio Tapajós basin; 09°17’59”S, 54°50’00”W. Holotype: MZUSP 99415 .

Distribution: 320 ( Sousa et al., 2010).

Moenkhausia pyrophthalma Costa, 1994

Moenkhausia pyrophthalma Costa, 1994:25, figs. 3–4. Type locality: Brazil: Estado de Mato Grosso, Stream crossing the road between Água Boa and Cocalinho, 13 km W of the point where the road reaches rio das Mortes, Rio Araguaia-Tocantins basin, 14°03’S, 51°47’W. Holotype: MNRJ 12431 .

Distribution: 324 (Costa, 1994).

Moenkhausia restricta Soares, Benine, 2019

Moenkhausia restricta Soares, Benine, 2019:488 , figs. 1–2, 4b. Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas , São Gabriel da Cachoeira , Rio Miuá (trib. Rio Negro), 00°06’31”S, 66°52’58”W. Holotype: MZUSP 125291 .

Distribution: 314 (Soares, Benine, 2019).

Moenkhausia robertsi Géry, 1964

Moenkhausia robertsi Géry, 1964 h:21, fig. 1. Type locality: Upper Amazon region surrounding Iquitos. [Four specimens collected by Mr. Jack Roberts, Iquitos, Peru]. Holotype: USNM 200427 .

Distribution: 316 (Géry, 1964h).

Moenkhausia rondoni Mathubara, Toledo-Piza, 2020

Moenkhausia rondoni Mathubara, Toledo-Piza, 2020:18 , figs. 4C, 5B, 7B, 10–11. Type locality: Brazil, Rondônia, Igarapé Arara, tributary of rio Madeira, Porto Velho , 10°0’48”S, 65°19’5”W. Holotype: MZUSP 125775 .

Distribution: 316, 318, 319, 321 (Mathubara, Toledo-Piza, 2020).

Moenkhausia rubra Pastana, Dagosta, 2014

Moenkhausia rubra Pastana, Dagosta, 2014:390 , figs. 1–3. Type locality: Brazil, Mato Grosso, município de Sapezal, Pequena Central Hidroelétrica (PCH) Sapezal, rio Juruena , rio Tapajós basin, 13°16’10”S, 59°01’26”W. Holotype: LIRP 8183 .

Distribution: 319, 320 (Pastana, Dagosta, 2014; Dagosta, de Pinna, 2019).

Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae (Steindachner, 1907)

Tetragonopterus sanctaefilomenae Steindachner, 1907c:82 . Type locality: Lagune bei Sa. Filomena am Parnahyba. [ Brazil]. Syntypes: (several) NMW 57513–15 (5, 7, 2).

Distribution: 324, 325, 327, 344 (Steindachner, 1907c; R. Benine, pers. obs.). Included in molecular analysis by Reia et al. (2019).

Moenkhausia schultzi Fernández-Yépez, 1950

Moenkhausia schultzi Fernández-Yépez, 1950b:13 , Pl. 2 (fig. 4). Type locality: Río Autana , Venezuela. [Rio Autana, Orinoco river basin, Venezuela]. Holotype: AFY 48166 (probably lost). [No types of Moenkhausia schultzi were found during a search by MMF Marinho in the MHNLS fish collection, where part of the personal collection of Agustin Fernández-Yépez (AFY) is now deposited].

Distribution: 308 (Fernández-Yépez, 1950b).

Remarks: Poorly known species only known from the original description.

Moenkhausia shideleri Eigenmann, 1909

Moenkhausia shideleri Eigenmann, 1909a:15 . Type locality: Bartica. [ Bartica , Essequibo river basin, Guiana]. Holotype: FMNH 52961 .

Distribution: 310 (Eigenmann, 1909a).

Remarks: Poorly known species. Examination of the paratypes at BMNH (by MMF Marinho) revealed the presence of a considerable downward curvature at the anterior portion of the lateral line, which is a typical condition of species of Tetragonopterus . A taxonomic study is necessary to better understand the identity of Moenkhausia shideleri . Redescription in Eigenmann (1917). Identification key in Eigenmann (1917) and Géry (1977).

Moenkhausia simulata (Eigenmann, 1924)

Astyanax simulatus Eigenmann , in Pearson , 1924:41. Type locality: Creek at Puerto Bermedez, Marañon System. [Type locality provided in Eigenmann, Myers (1929): Creek at Puerto Bermedez, Marañon System, Peru]. Syntypes: CAS 62100 (orig. 10, now 6), with other four specimens now at MCZ 31875 (2), USNM 167811 (2) . [ All syntypes comes from a unique lot, IU 15860 ] .

Distribution: 316 (Eigenmann, Myers, 1929).

Remarks: Species name was first mentioned in passing with short account in Pearson (1924:41). This was later explained by Eigenmann, Myers (1929:523) who provided a more detailed description of the species, with syntypes and type locality specifications. Planquette et al. (1996) equivocally cited Moenkhausia aff. simulata for French Guiana. In that publication, the correct identification of the species is Tetragonopterus rarus ( Zarske, Géry, Isbrücker, 2004) .

Moenkhausia sthenosthoma Petrolli, Benine, 2015

Moenkhausia sthenosthoma Petrolli, Benine, 2015:408 , figs. 6, 9e-f. Type locality: Rondônia, Madeira, Rio Jaci-Paraná between Porto Velho and Jaci-Paraná ; 9°15’23”S, 64°23’13”W. Holotype: MCP 48789 .

Distribution: 318, 319, 321 (Petrolli, Benine, 2015).

Moenkhausia surinamensis Géry, 1965

Moenkhausia surinamensis Géry, 1965d:102 , fig. 2. Type locality: Brownscreek , km 114 from Paramaribo on the Paramaribo-Dam railroad, between Saramacca and Suriname River systems. [ Suriname]. Holotype: ZMA 104221 .

Distribution: 310, 311 (Géry, 1965d; Planquette et al., 1996).

Moenkhausia takasei Géry, 1964

Moenkhausia takasei Géry, 1964f:13 , fig. 1. Type locality: Creek close to Belém do Pará , Rio Guama basin, lower Amazon, Brazil. Holotype: USNM 198136 .

Distribution: 323 (Géry, 1964f).

Remarks: Poorly known species. The paratypes from MHNG, which are better preserved, have the upper caudal-fin lobe dark, suggesting this species belongs to the Moenkhausia lepidura group (sensu Géry, 1992) (MMF Marinho, pers. obs.). A taxonomic study is necessary to understand its identity.

Moenkhausia tergimacula Lucena, Lucena, 1999

Moenkhausia tergimacula Lucena, Lucena, 1999:232, figs. 1–2. Type locality: Brazil: Goiás: Minaçu: rio Tocantins, 3 km downstream of Serra da Mesa dam, 13°50’51”S, 48°16’60”W. Holotype: MCP 20560 .

Distribution: 324 (Lucena, Lucena, 1999).

Moenkhausia uirapuru Ohara, Lima, 2015

Moenkhausia uirapuru Ohara, Lima, 2015:160, figs. 1a, 2, 3a. Type locality: Brazil: Mato Grosso: Nova Lacerda : tributary of rio Galera (itself a tributary of rio Guaporé ), upstream cascata Uirapuru , rio Madeira basin, 14°25’00”S 59°27’17”W. Holotype: MZUSP 115988 .

Distribution: 319 (Ohara, Lima, 2015).

Moenkhausia venerei Petrolli, Azevedo-Santos, Benine, 2016

Moenkhausia venerei Petrolli, Azevedo-Santos, Benine, 2016:160 , figs. 1, 2, 5a. Type locality: Brazil, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, rio Araguaia , Córrego Grande. 15°44’ S, 52°5’W. Holotype: MZUSP 119006 .

Distribution: 322 (Petrolli et al., 2016).

Moenkhausia vittata (Castelnau, 1855)

Tetragonopterus vittatus Castelnau, 1855:66 , Pl. 33 (fig. 3). Type locality: Bahia. [ Brazil. Details provided by Silva, Malabarba, 2016]. Holotype: MNHN 0000- 3088. [Type rediscovered by Silva, Malabarba 2016].

Tetragonopterus doceanus Steindachner, 1877:572 [14]. Type locality: Rio Doce. [ Brazil]. Syntypes: (several) MNHN 1913-0135 and 0136 (2); NMW 57389 (2), 57591 (2). Redescription in Carvalho et al. (2014). Taxonomic status discussed in Silva, Malabarba, 2016.

Distribution: 328 (Carvalho et al., 2014).

Remarks: Taxonomic status of species discussed by Silva, Malabarba, 2016.

Moenkhausia xinguensis (Steindachner, 1882)

Tetragonopterus xinguensis Steindachner, 1882c:178 . Type locality: Xingu. [ Rio Xingu , Amazon basin, Brazil]. Holotype: NMW 57826 .

Distribution: 322* (Valter M. Azevedo-Santos, pers. comun.).

Species inquirendae ( Moenkhausia )

Moenkhausia lepidura ocoae Fowler, 1943d:234 , fig. 15. Type locality: Rio Ocoá, Rio Meta basin, Colombia . [Río Ocoá, south of Villavicencio, Río Meta basin, Colombia ]. Holotype: ANSP 70497.

Remarks: Despite being described as a subspecies of Moenkhausia lepidura , M. lepidura ocoae has both caudal-fin lobes dark (vs. only the upper caudal lobe dark in M. lepidura ).

Moenkhausia tridentata Holly, 1929:117 [1]. Type locality: Piquirão (Amazonasgebiet). [Piquirão, Amazon River basin]. Holotype: NMW 8947. [ Zarske, Géry (2006c) considered Moenkhausia tridentata as a valid species based solely on the examination of the holotype. The coloration of the holotype is not well preserved, but a horizontal elongate humeral spot, similar to that of M. comma , can be seen. Until a more detailed taxonomic study is done, we prefer to consider it as Species inquirenda in Moenkhausia , following Lima et al. (2003), see also comments by Bogutskaya et al., 2022:47].