Ipomoea triloba

Wood, John R. I., Munoz-Rodriguez, Pablo, Williams, Bethany R. M. & Scotland, Robert W., 2020, A foundation monograph of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the New World, PhytoKeys 143, pp. 1-823 : 1

229. Ipomoea triloba L., Sp. Pl. 1: 161. 1753. (Linnaeus 1753: 161)

Convolvulus trilobus (L.) Desr. in Lam., Encycl. 3: 564. 1789 [pub. 1792]. (Desrousseaux 1792: 564).

Quamoclit triloba (L.) G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 259. 1838. (Don 1838: 259).

Amphione lobata Raf. , Fl. Tellur. 4: 79. 1836 [1838], nom. illeg. superf. Type. Based on Ipomoea triloba L.

Ipomoea eustachiana Jacq. , Obs. 2: 12, t. 36. 1767. (Jacquin 1767: 12). Type. Icon, t. 36 in Jacquin (1767), lectotype designated by Austin (1978b: 127).

Quamoclit eustachiana (Jacq.) G. Don , Gen. Hist. 4: 259. 1838. (Don 1838: 259).

Ipomoea triloba var. eustachiana (Jacq.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 470. 1864 [pub. 1862]. (Grisebach 1862b: 470).

Ipomoea parviflora Vahl , Symb. Bot. 3; 34. 1794. (Vahl 1794: 34). Type. U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS. St Croix, H. West s.n. (C100009694, lectotype, designated here).

Ipomoea galapagensis Anderss., Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. 1853: 313 . 1855. (Andersson 1855: 313). Type. ECUADOR. Galapagos Islands, Chatham Island, N. Andersson 120 (holotype S07-4429, isotype K).

Ipomoea hirta M. Martens & Galeotti , Bull. Acad. Roy. Soc. Bruxelles 12: 264. 1845. (Martens and Galeotti 1845: 264). MEXICO. Oaxaca, H. Galeotti 1374 (lectotype BR000006973315, isolectotypes BR, G, K, P).

Ipomoea triloba var. genuina Meisn. in Martius et al. , Fl. Brasil. 7: 277. 1869, (Meisner 1869: 277), nom. illeg. autonymic var.

Ipomoea triloba var. quinqueloba Kuntze , Rev. Gen. Sp. 2: 446. 1891. (Kuntze 1891: 446). Type. U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS. St Thomas, O. Kuntze 26 (lectotype NY000111084, designated here).

Convolvulus heterophyllus Sesse & Mocino , Fl. Mex. 36. 1893. ( Sessé y Lacasta and Moçiño 1893: 36), nom. illeg., non Convolvulus heterophyllus Willd. (1809) . Type. MEXICO. Sessé and Moçiño 1655 (holotype MA603868).

Ipomoea krugii Urb. , Symb. Antill. 5: 472. 1908. (Urban 1908: 472). Type. PUERTO RICO. Mayagüez, Krug 776 (holotype B†, photo F).

Ipomoea laxiflora H.J.Chowdhery & Debta, Indian J. Forest. 32(1): 120. 2009 (Chowdhery and Debta 2009: 120). Type. INDIA. Uttarakhand, Dehra Dun district, Botanical Survey of India Campus, H.J. Chowdhery 108601 (holotype BSD, isotype CAL0000018586).

Type.

Icon in Sloane, Voy. Jamaica 1: t. 97, f. 1 (1707), lectotype, designated by Austin (1978b: 127).

Description.

Annual herb, stems twining, thinly pilose to glabrescent. Leaves petiolate, 1.5-8 × 1.5-4 cm ovate or, more commonly shallowly to deeply 3-(5)-lobed, acute to acuminate, apiculate, base cordate, adaxially thinly pilose, abaxially glabrous, paler, occasionally both surfaces glabrous; petioles 1.2-6 cm. Inflorescence of pedunculate axillary cymes; peduncles 3-5 cm, glabrous or thinly pilose; bracteoles 2-3 × 0.25 mm, filiform; secondary peduncles 0.2-0.5 cm; pedicels 3-7 mm, thinly pilose, sometimes muricate; sepals scarious-margined, ciliate on midrib and margins, subequal, 5-6 (-10) mm long, oblong-mucronate or oblong-caudate; corolla 1.5-2 (-2.5) cm long, campanulate, glabrous, pink; limb 1.3-1.6 cm diam. Capsules 5-6 mm diam., subglobose, bristly pilose (rarely glabrous); seeds 2.8-3 × 2 mm, brown glabrous.

Illustration.

Figure 10A ; Acevedo-Rodríguez (2005: 183); Proctor (2012: 548).

Distribution.

Common on the Galapagos Islands and in the Caribbean, but rare elsewhere except as an introduced weed. It is apparently more frequent on islands than on the continent. This species is quite commonly reported as a casual or a weed in the Old World and its near complete absence from continental South America is, therefore, puzzling. It is possible that it has sometimes been confused with Ipomoea grandifolia .

ECUADOR. Galápagos: F.R. Fosberg 45049 (K, US); Snow 560 (K); T.W.J. Taylor 133 (K); G. Harling 5227 (S); Fagerlind & Wibom 2935 (S); U. & I. Eliasson 2167 (S); Santa Cruz, P.S. Bentley 221 (K, US). Loja: Garza Real-Paletillas Malvas, J. Jaramillo et al. 31949 (QCA). Napo: Yasuní, V. Persson et al. 4614a (BM).

COSTA RICA. Puntarenas, Golfito, M. Chavarría 673 (K, MO).

HONDURAS. Copán-San Pedro Sula, S. Blackmore & M. Chorley 3776 (BM)

BELIZE. Honey Camp, C.L. Lundell 656 (S); Caye Caulker, C. Whitefoord 8231 (BM).

GUATEMALA. R. Tun Ortíz 258 (S)

MEXICO. Campeche: Kalkiní-El Remate, M. Peña-Chocarro et al. 591 (BM). Chiapas: Berriozabal, A. Reyes-García et al. 431 (BM, MEXU). Chihuahua: E. Palmer 213 (K). Est. México & Dist. Fed.: Tejupilco, Temascaltepec, G.B. Hinton 8416 (K), ibid., Nanchititla, G.B. Hinton 8557 (K). Guerrero: Vallecitos, Montes de Oca, G.B. Hinton 10915 (K); Acapulco, E. Palmer 141 (K). Nayarit: Tepic, G. Flores-Franco et al. 4229 (MEXU). Oaxaca: M. Elorsa 2356 (MEXU). Sinaloa: Concordia, M. Ruiz et al. 2009-336 (ARIZ). Sonora: Río Mayo, H.S. Gentry 1681 (E, K); Guaymas, E. Palmer 306 (BM, E); Pitihaya, R.S. Felger & F.W. Reichenbacher 85-1296 (ARIZ). Tabasco: E. & H. de Cabrera 14993 (MEXU). Tamaulipas: Tampico, E. Palmer 472 (BM, K). Veracruz: P. Pedraza 236 (F). Yucatán: Izamal, F. Gaumer 981 (BM, E, K); Chichancanab, F. Gaumer 2117 (BM, S); Cozumel Island, F. Gaumer s.n. (K).

UNITED STATES. Arizona: fide Austin (1991a). California: Riverside, A.C. Sanders 8743 (ARIZ, DES). Florida: A.H. Curtiss 5575 (E); J.K. Small 8729 (NY, S); R.T. Clausen & W.M. Buswell 6224 (K); J.H. Simpson 397 (K); F. Rugel 506 (BM). Texas: E. Hall 484 (BM)

BAHAMAS. Watlings Island, P. Wilson 7296 (K, NY); Grand Bahama, D.S. Correll 40474 (NY); Webster & Williams 10767 (S).

TURKS & CAICOS ISLANDS. M.R. Corcoran 41 (K); D.S. Correll 43295 (NY).

CUBA. C.F. Baker s.n. [5/11/ 1904] (HAJB); C. Wright 3085 (BM, NY, S). La Habana: H.A. Van Hermann 159 (NY). Santiago de Cuba: Chrysogone 4890 (NY); R.A. Howard 5783 (S, NY).

CAYMAN ISLANDS. W. Kings GC330 (BM); G.R. Proctor 35184 (BM); M. Brunt 1941 (BM)

JAMAICA. Asprey 372 (K); C.D. Adams 6193 (BM); G.R. Proctor 16094 (BM), 34309 (BM); W. Harris 10163 (BM).

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. L.C. Richard s.n. (P).

PUERTO RICO. P. Sintenis 827 (K, S); M. Del Llano s.n. [7/9/1979] (NY).

LESSER ANTILLES. U.S. Virgin Islands: St Thomas, H.F.A. von Eggers 254 (K); St Croix, F.R. Fosberg 54140 (K, NY). U.K. Virgin Islands: Tortola, W.G. D’Arcy 317 (BM, FLAS). Netherlands Antilles: St Eustatius: B.M. Boom et al. 11185 (NY). Anguilla: G.R. Proctor 18520 (BM). St Kitts: G.R. Proctor 18484 (BM). Martinique: Hahn 83 (BM, K); C. Sastre 9910 (P). Guadeloupe: H. Stehlé 79 (NY). Barbados: A. Macintosh 349 (K). St Barts, Antigua fide Powell (1979).

TRINIDAD. fide Hill and Sandwith (1953). Tobago: N. Sandwith 1818 (K, NY).

NETHERLANDS ANTILLES. Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao fide Proosdij (2012)

HAWAII. Oahu, O. Degener 24355 (K), C. Pemberton & J.P. Martin s.n. [18/3/1943] (BM).

Notes.

There are two specimens of Ipomoea triloba var. quinqueloba in the Kuntze herbarium at New York, both collected on St Thomas in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Neither is a very good specimen, but that labelled no. 26 is here selected as a lectotype, rather than no. 149.

We have included Ipomoea laxiflora as a synonym of I. triloba , even though we have seen no specimens. It differs only in the glabrous ovary and capsule, a variation which is not likely to be significant at species level. Molecular studies of a range of specimens would be desirable to confirm our decision here.

Figures

Figure 10. Pollen of Ipomoea species. A I. triloba (D'Arcy 317) B I. cryptica (Steinbach 6311) C I. purpurea (Parada & Rojas 2664) D I. alba (Wood et al. 27828) E I. dumosa (Hinton et al. 9479) F I. hederifolia (Queiroz 15975) G I. stans (Y. Mexia 275112) H I. suffulta (Pringle 4755). Photos by Robert Scotland.