Pseudostegias dulcilacuum Markham, 1982

Williams, Jason D. & Boyko, Christopher B., 2015, Abdominal bopyrid parasites (Crustacea: Isopoda: Bopyridae: Athelginae) of diogenid hermit crabs from the western Pacific, with descriptions of a new genus and four new species, Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 64, pp. 33-69 : 57-61

Pseudostegias dulcilacuum Markham, 1982

(Figs. 13, 14)

Pseudostegias sp. Brunenmeister, 1980: 97-98 ; McDermott et al., 2010: 11.

Pseudostegias dulcilacuum Markham, 1982: 370–373 , figs. 25, 26; Markham, 1985: 3, 53–55, 63, figs. 26–28; Page, 1985: 201, 203; Kim & Kwon, 1988: 214–215, 220, 221, fig. 9; Markham, 1992: 299; Li, 2003: 140; Morton, 2003: 37; Markham, 2009: 230–231, fig. 6; McDermott et al., 2010: 11; Markham, 2010: 153, 183–184, figs. 32, 33; An et al., 2011: 2908; Kwon, 2012: 39–40, fig. 16.

Pseudostegias dulcilaeum [sic] Page, 1985: 203.

Pseudostegias dulcilaeuum [sic] Huang, 1994: 530; Huang, 2001: 327.

Pseudostegias macdermotti Williams & Boyko, 1999: 715–719 , figs. 1-4; McDermott et al., 2010: 11 (new synonym).

Pseudostegias setoensis — Dunbar & Coates, 2000: 49, fig. 1; Dunbar, 2001: 38.— Poore et al., 2002: 116; Markham, 2010: figs. 34, 35; An et al., 2011: 2906–2910 , fig. 3 (Maozhou, material only) (not Pseudostegias setoensis Shiino, 1933 ).

Material examined. Philippines: Mature female (10.2 mm) ( USNM 1283411), infesting female Calcinus gaimardii (3.9 mm SL), inhabiting shell of Drupella rugosa , Oriental Mindoro, Puerto Galera, Coco Beach, coll. JDW, 12 January 1999; mature female (7.1 mm) ( ZRC 2015.0506), infesting male C. gaimardii (3.6 mm SL), inhabiting shell of D. rugosa , Oriental Mindoro, Puerto Galera, Coco Beach, coll. JDW, 14 January 1999; mature female (10.6 mm), mature male (2.6 mm on SEM stub) ( USNM 1283412), infesting male C. gaimardii (4.6 mm SL), inhabiting shell of Pollia undosa (Linnaeus) , Bataan, Morong, coll. JDW, 28 February 1999; mature female (10.6 mm) ( ZRC 2015.0507), infesting female C. gaimardii (4.0 mm SL), inhabiting shell of Drupella cornus , Aklan, Boracay, Diniwid Beach, coll. JDW, 13 April 1999; mature female (8.65 mm), mature male (2.56) ( USNM 1283413), infesting female Clibanarius merguiensis (2.1 mm SL), inhabiting unidentified shell, Puerto Galera, La Laguna Beach, coll. JDW, 17 June 2000; immature female (8.0 mm), mature male (2.43) ( USNM 1283414), infesting female C. merguiensis (2.1 mm SL), inhabiting unidentified shell, Puerto Galera, La Laguna Beach, coll. JDW, 17 June 2000; mature female (5.12 mm), mature male (1.65) ( USNM 1283415), infesting male C. merguiensis (1.73 mm SL), inhabiting unidentified shell, Puerto Galera, La Laguna Beach, coll. JDW, 17 June 2000.; mature female (8.65 mm), mature male (2.45) ( USNM 1283416), infesting female C. merguiensis (2.54 mm SL), inhabiting unidentified shell, Puerto Galera, La Laguna Beach, coll. JDW, 17 June 2000; mature female (8.38 mm), mature male (2.75) ( USNM 1283417), infesting female C. merguiensis (2.34 mm SL), inhabiting unidentified shell, Puerto Galera, La Laguna Beaches, coll. JDW, 17 June 2000; mature female (8.69 mm), mature male (2.53 mm) ( USNM 1283418), infesting female C. merguiensis (1.85 mm SL), inhabiting unidentified shell, Puerto Galera, La Laguna Beach, coll. JDW, 17 June 2000; mature female (5.6 mm on SEM stub) ( USNM 1283419), infesting male C. gaimardii (3.23 mm SL), inhabiting unidentified shell, Puerto Galera, La Laguna Beach, coll. JDW, 28 July 1997; mature female (9.24 mm), mature male (2.66 mm) ( USNM 1283420), infesting female C. gaimardii (2.9 mm SL), inhabiting unidentified shell, Bataan, Mabayo, coll. JDW, 21 February 1999; ovigerous female (8.6 mm), mature male (2.3 mm) ( USNM 1283421), infesting female C. gaimardii (2.8 mm SL), inhabiting D. cornus, Puerto Galera, La Laguna Beach , coll. JDW, 18 June 2000. Taiwan: Mature female (12.7 mm) ( USNM 1283422), infesting female Calcinus morgani (3.9 mm SL), inhabiting unknown shell, Haikou, Pingtung, coll. R. Yoshida, 30 June 2011; mature female (10.4 mm), mature male (2.4 mm) ( USNM 1283423), infesting female C. morgani (4.8 mm SL), inhabiting unknown shell, Siadao, Pingtung, coll. R. Yoshida, 26 July 2011; mature female (11.5 mm), mature male (2.5 mm) ( USNM 1283424), infesting female C. morgani (4.2 mm SL), inhabiting unknown shell, Huapinyan, Shaoliuchiu, coll. R. Yoshida, 29 July 2011; immature female (8.0 mm) ( USNM 1283425), infesting male C. morgani (5.5 mm SL), inhabiting unknown shell, Huapinyan, Shaoliuchiu, coll. R. Yoshida, 29 July 2011; female (1.9 mm) ( USNM 1283426), infesting male Diogenes tumidus (4.5 mm SL), inhabiting unknown shell, Siwei, Penghu, coll. R. Yoshida, 2 August 2011.

Type locality. Tolo Harbor , Hong Kong ( Markham, 1982) .

Distribution. Hainan, China ( An et al., 2011), Hong Kong ( Markham, 1982), Thailand ( Markham, 1985), South Korea ( Kim & Kwon, 1988), Singapore ( Markham, 2009), Australia: Queensland ( Markham, 2010), Philippines (herein), Taiwan (herein).

Hosts. Diogenidae : Calcinus gaimardii (herein), Calcinus morgani (herein), Clibanarius merguiensis ( Brunenmeister, 1980; Markham, 1985; herein), Clibanarius taeniatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1848) , Clibanarius virescens ( Krauss, 1843) ( Markham, 2010) , Diogenes aff. edwardsii (De Haan, 1849) ( Markham, 1982) , Diogenes pallescens Whitelegge, 1897 ( Markham, 2009) , Diogenes sp. (possibly aff. edwardsii ) ( Kim & Kwon, 1988), Diogenes tumidus (herein).

Size range (Length). Females: to 11.5 mm (herein), males: to 3.6 mm ( Markham, 1985).

Remarks. Pseudostegias dulcilacuum (Figs. 13, 14) and P. setoensis (Fig. 15) are similar, but can be distinguished by the following characters of the female: barbula a pair of smooth slender lobes lateral to a broad smooth ovate medial lobe in P. dulcilacuum (Fig. 13B) vs. multiple (3–4) highly digitate slender lobes (no medial lobe) in P. setoensis (Fig. 15B); pair of large hooked lobes on ventral surface of body under 5 th oostegites lacking in P. dulcilacuum vs. present in P. setoensis (Fig. 15C, see also An et al., 2011: Fig. 4B), both species have a field of digitate extensions in the region under the 5 th oostegites; 5 th pleomere with pair of globose lateral plates and tubular posterior extension in P. dulcilacuum (Fig. 13A, C) vs. pair of kidney-shaped lateral plates and no posterior extension in P. setoensis (Fig. 15A, D). The males of P. dulcilacuum (Figs. 13D, 14) and P. setoensis (Fig. 15E) are very similar, although the pleotelson shape is more clearly triangular and elongate with obvious lateral segmentation traces in P. dulcilacuum (Figs. 13D, 14A, F) vs. more rounded and with little to no segmentation traces laterally in P. setoensis (Fig. 15E).

Although Markham (1982) indicated that the holotype of P. dulcilacuum was deposited in the USNM, it was never received there and the whereabouts of the type specimen is unknown. Markham (2010) reported P. dulcilacuum and P. setoensis from Australia; however, although his figures 32 and 33 were correctly labeled as P. dulcilacuum , his figures 34 and 35 were incorrectly labeled as being P. setoensis because the material they are based on was listed by Markham (2010) under P. dulcilacuum and the figures match P. dulcilacuum in all details. Markham (2010) cited Clibanarius sp. as a host for P. dulcilacuum but Dunbar & Coates (2000) listed C. taeniatus and C. virescens , so the host “sp.” of Markham (2010) is actually C. taeniatus .

An et al. (2011) commented on the possible synonymy of P. dulcilacuum with P. setoensis but the present material does not support this conclusion. An et al.’s (2011) material was a mixture of P. dulcilacuum (Chinese mainland) and P. setoensis ( Hong Kong).

Examination of this large series of specimens from varied localities in different stages of development has resulted in the conclusion that Pseudostegias macdermotti Williams & Boyko, 1999 , described from Bali on C. gaimardii , is a junior synonym of P. dulcilacuum and was based (in part) on an immature female whose 5 th lateral plates were likewise immature and not yet fully separated. The host of the types of P. macdermotti was originally identified as C. gaimardii , but Rahayu & Forest (1999) showed that “ C. gaimardii ” was a species complex and described C. morgani as a new species. The host of P. macdermotti matches the shield coloration of C. morgani . Additional specimens of P. dulcilacuum were obtained from C. morgani in Taiwan (see Material Examined).