Bolitogyrus bullatus (Sharp, 1884)

Brunke, Adam J. & Solodovnikov, Alexey, 2014, A revision of the Neotropical species of Bolitogyrus Chevrolat, a geographically disjunct lineage of Staphylinini (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae), ZooKeys 423, pp. 1-113 : 32-35

Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Staphylinidae

Bolitogyrus bullatus (Sharp, 1884) Figs 1D, 6C, 10E, 11G, 14A, 18 I–N, 23M, 26J, 30B (map)

Cyrtothorax bullatus Sharp, 1884: 340

Cyrtothorax bullatus : Scheerpeltz 1974: 182

Type locality.

PANAMA, Chiriquí, Boquete.

Type material.

Holotype ♂ (BMNH): Cyrtothorax bullatus , Type D.S., Boquete Panama, 3500 ft. Champion [hand written on card] / B.C.A. Col. I. 2., Cyrtothorax , bullatus, Sharp. [printed label] / Boquete, 3500 ft., Champion. [printed label] / Sharp Coll., 1905.-313. [printed label upside down] / Type [beige disc with orange border] / Holotype ♂, Cyrtothorax bullatus Sharp, 1884, det. A. Brunke 2013 [red printed label].

The single specimen located in the BMNH is interpreted as the holotype as Sharp (1884) stated that a single specimen was studied.

Other material.

COSTA RICA: Alajuela, Volcan Poas, 1700 m, cut over forest, trap 11, 20.VII to 3.VIII.1966, leg. S. Peck, 1 ♀ (FMNH). Cartago, 4 km NE Cañón, Genesis II, Cerro de la Muerte, 2350 m, ex. malaise trap, 1 to 30.V.1995, P. Hanson, CR1H93-95, SM0075668, 1 ♂ (SEMC), same except: 1 to 30.VIII.1995, CR1H93-95, SM0076840, 1 ♂ (SEMC); Genesis II Reserve, 9°42.57'N, 83°54.64'W, 2360 m, fungus covered logs, 13.VI.2004, J.S. Ashe, Z. Falin, I. Hinojosa, CR1AFH04 224, SM0607688, SM0607689, SM0607690, 3 ♂ (SEMC), same except: small gilled mushrooms on log, CR1AFH04 226, SM0607691, 1 ♀ (SEMC), same except: fleshy polypore CR1AFH04 230, SM0607693, 1 ♂ (SEMC); Genesis II Reserve, 9°42.57'N, 83°54.64'W, 2360 m, fungus covered logs, 14.VI.2004, J.S. Ashe, Z. Falin, I. Hinojosa, CR1AFH04 231, SM0607694, SM0607695, SM0607696, SM0607697, SM0607698, 4 ♂ 1 ♀ (SEMC); Genesis II Reserve, 9°42.57'N, 83°54.64'W, 2360 m, ex. orange gilled mushrooms on log, 14.VI.2004, J.S. Ashe, Z. Falin, I. Hinojosa, CR1AFH04 236, SM0607700, 1 ♀ (SEMC), same except: ex. small white gilled mushrooms, CR1AFH04 237, SM0607701, 1 ♂ (SEMC); Genesis II Reserve, 9°42.57'N, 83°54.64'W, 2360 m, ex. fungus covered logs, 15.VI.2004, J.S. Ashe, Z. Falin, I. Hinojosa, CR1AFH04 243, SM0607703, SM0607704, SM0607705, 3 ♂ (SEMC); La Congreja, 1950 m, IX–XII.1992, P. Hanson, SM0037998, 1 ♂ (SEMC; La Sierra, Finca Sinfonica, 1950 m, ex. fog rotten trunk, 20.III.2000, CR1083, 1 ♂ (PTC), same except: km 45 Pan Am. Hgwy, ex. fog rotten logs, CR-1084, 1 ♂ (PTC); La Sierra, Finca Sinfonica, 1970 m, ex. fog rotten logs, 23.X.2000, CR-1068, P.N. Thomas, 1 ♂ (PTC); Rio Macho Reserve, Macho Gaff, Cuenca Quebiri, Porton La Esperanza, 2460 m, ex. fog encino [=oak] logs, 24.III.2000, CR-1091, P.N. Thomas, 2 ♂ 2 ♀ (PTC); Tapanti National Park, 9°45'41"N, 83°47'5"W, 1050 m, 18.VII.2000, ex. fogging fungus covered log, J. Ashe, R. Brooks, Z. Falin, CR1ABF00 166, SM0203492, 1 ♂ (SEMC). Heredia, Baulio Corillo National Park, Vara Blanca, 2000 m, flight intercept trap, 13.II to 21.II.2002, ALAS-INBIO, 20/TN/12/006, 1 ♀ (PTC), same except: malaise, 10.III to 22.III.2002, M/07/047, 1 ♀ (PTC), same except: Berlese, 16.III.2002, 20/B/BM/056, 1 ♀ (PTC), same except: malaise, 22.III to 9.IV.2002, 20/M/01/061, 2 ♀ (PTC), same except: Malaise, 9.IV to 21.IV.2002, 20/M/13/093, 1 ♀ (PTC), same except: flight intercept, 10.IV to 21.IV.2002, 20/TN/17/030, 1 ♀ (PTC). Puntarenas, Altimira Biol. Sta., trail to Valle de Silenco, 9°01.76'N, 83°00.49'W, 1600-1700 m, ex. fungus covered logs, J.S. Ashe, Z. Falin, I. Hinojosa, CR1AFH04, SM0607671, 1 ♂ (SEMC); Área de Protección El Progresso, Sierra de Talamanca, selva alta subperenifolia [=high sub-evergreen forest], 8°55'296"N, 82°47'854"W, 1535 m, en troncos podridos [=in rotten logs], 25.II.2000, J.L. Navarrete col., 1 ♂ (MZFC); Hacienda La Amistad, 8°56.395'N, 82°47.465'W, 1500 m, premontane moist forest, fogging fungusy logs, 9.VI.2012, leg. Solodovnikov, Brunke Puliafico & Selvantharan, 3 ♂ 2 ♀ (ZMUC); Hacienda La Amistad, 8°58.102'N, 82°46.883'W, 1900 m, premontane to lower montane moist forest, fogging fungusy logs, 12.VI.2012, leg. Solodovnikov, Brunke Puliafico & Selvantharan, 3 ♂ 3 ♀ (ZMUC), same except: sifting rotting log litter, 1 ♂ (ZMUC), same as first except: sifting leaf litter near logs, 1 ♂ (ZMUC); Monte Verde, 1550-1570 m, ex. misc. mushrooms, 22.V.1989, J. Ashe, R. Brooks, R. Leschen, Costa Rica Exped. #370, SM0061182, 1 ♂ (SEMC); Monte Verde, Reserva Biologica de Monte Verde, nr. Quebrada Cuecha on Sendero Rio, 1580 m, ex. fungi, 13.V.1989, J. Ashe, R. Brooks, R. Leschen, Exped. #149, SM0061184, SM0061185, 2 ♂ (SEMC). San Jose Prov., 2.4 km ENE San Gerado de Rivas, Cloudbridge Reserve, 9°28.47'N, 83°34.20'W, 1750 m, river trail, ex. fungus covered logs, 9.VI.2004, J.S. Ashe, Z. Falin, I. Hinojosa, CR1AFH04 158, SM0607551, SM0607552, SM0607553, SM0607554, 3 ♂ 1 ♀ (SEMC); 2.4 km ENE San Gerado de Rivas, Cloudbridge Reserve, 9°28.07'N, 83°33.84'W, ridge trail, 2000-2200 m, ex. fungus covered logs, 9.VI.2004, J.S. Ashe, Z. Falin, I. Hinojosa, CR1AFH04 162, SM0607549, SM0607550, 2 ♂ (SEMC), same except: 10.VI.2004, CR1AFH04 180, SM0607673, SM0607674, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (SEMC); 2.4 km ENE San Gerado de Rivas, Cloudbridge Reserve, 9°28.68'N, 83°34.00'W, ridge above covered bridge, 1860 m, ex. fungus covered logs, 11.VI.2004, J.S. Ashe, Z. Falin, I. Hinojosa, CR1AFH04 200, SM0607678, 1 ♂ (SEMC); same except: 9°28.07'N, 83°33.84'W, flight intercept trap, 9 to 12.VI.2004, CR1AFH04 200, SM0607410, 1 ♂ (SEMC); 2.4 km ENE San Gerado de Rivas, Cloudbridge Reserve, 9°28.47'N, 83°34.20'W, river trail, 1750 m, flight intercept trap, 9.VI to 12.VI.2004, J.S. Ashe, Z. Falin, I. Hinojosa, CR1AFH04 202, SM0607435, 1 ♂ (SEMC); Division, Avalon Lodge, 2100 m, ex. 'mushrooms log’, 29.IV.1998, CR-906, P.N. Thomas, 1 ♂ (PTC); Division, Sto. Eduviges, 0.4 ml SW of Avalon, ex. dry cliff humus, Berlese, 8.III.2004, CR-1576, P.N. Thomas, 1 ♂ (PTC); El Rosario Reserve, Cerro Caraigres, 2000 m, ex. tree moss, Berlese, CR-1492, 20.XI.2003, P.N. Thomas, 1 ♂ (PTC); Jardin, Quebradillas, Quinta Colibri, 2040 m, ex. 'murta treefall’, Berlese, 21-XII-2007, CR-1587A, P.N. Thomas, 1 ♀ (PTC), same except: ex. leaf litter debris, Berlese, 22.III to 2.IV.2009, CR-1618, 1 ♀ (PTC); Jardin, Quebradillas, Quinta Colibri, 2040 m, ex. tree mosses, Berlese, 5.XII.2008, CR-1605, P.N. Thomas, 1 ♀ (PTC), same except: ex. fog oak log, 4.V.2008, CR-1602E, P.N. Thomas, 1 ♂ (PTC); Jardin de Empalme Dota, 2160 m, ex. fog encino [=oak] log, 17 to 18-III.2000, P. N. Thomas, 3 ♂ 2 ♀ (PTC); Jardin de Empalme, Finca H. Urena, 2070 m, 20.I.2002, ex. fog encino log, CR-1283, P.N. Thomas, 1 ♂ (PTC), same except: ex. flight intercept, 27.I to 3.II.2002, 1 ♀ (PTC); La Potentiana de Cerro Turrubares, Finca Mayo Corales, 1380 m, fog rotten logs, CR-1115, P.N. Thomas, 2 ♀ (PTC); San Francisco de Leon Cortez, 1780 m, ex. fog dry logs, 3.IV.2000, CR-1119, P.N. Thomas, 8 ♂ 2 ♀ (PTC); same except: 1860 m, ex. fog huge log in large ravine, 4.IV.2000, CR-1121 7 ♂ 2 ♀ (PTC); Jardin de Empalme, 2160 m, ex. dried mushroom and subbark on log, 5.V.1998, CR-936, P.N. Thomas, 1 ♀ (PTC); PanAmerican Hwy, 7 km SSW km 80.5, Cabinas de Quetzal, 9°33'53"N, 83°48'5"W, 2150 m, fogging fungus covered log, 22.VII.2000, J. Ashe, R. Brooks, Z. Falin, CR1ABF00 223, SM0200461, SM0200462, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (SEMC); PanAmerican Hwy, 9.5 km SSW km 80.5, on San Gerardo Rd., catarata trail, 9°32'47"N, 83°48'40"W, 2020 m, fogging fungus covered log, 23.VII.2000, J. Ashe, R. Brooks, Z. Falin, CR1ABF00 229, SM0152909, 1 ♂ (SEMC); San Gerardo de Dota, La Catarata, 9°32.80'N, 83°48.68'W, 2225 m, ex. fungus covered logs, 12.VI.2004, J.S. Ashe, Z. Falin, I. Hinojosa, CR1AFH04 203, SM0607687, 1 ♀ (SEMC), same except: 26.V.2004, CR1AFH04 001, SM0607651, 1 ♀ (SEMC); San Juan, 14 km NE, Finca Zurqui, 10°2'57"N, 84°0'22"W, 1490 m, ex. fogging fungus covered log, 6.VII.2000, J. Ashe, R. Brooks, Z. Falin, CR1ABF00 065, SM0203233, SM0203234, SM0203235, 3 ♂ (SEMC); Zurquí de Moravia, 1600 m, ex. malaise trap, 1 to 30.III.1995, CR1H93-95 12, P. Hanson, SM0075493, 1 ♂ (SEMC), same except: 1 to 30.V.1995, CR1H93-95 13, SM0075387, 1 ♀ (SEMC). PANAMA: Chiriquí, 2.9 km S Cerro Pando, 8°53'18"N, 82°44'48"W, ex. on Clistocybe ?, 18.VI.1996, J. Ashe, R. Brooks, PAN1AB96 188A, SM0042775, 1 ♀ (SEMC); 3.5 km E Escopeta, Cerro Bollo, 8°34'N, 81°50'W, 1856 m, cloud forest, Berlese moss, bark and subcortex, leg. J. Wagner, FM (HD)#80-48, 2 ♂ (FMNH); 5.4 km NE Boquete, 8°48'N, 82°26'W, 1520 m, ex. fogging fungusy log, 19.VI.1995, J. Ashe & R. Brooks, #247, SM0002098, SM0002120, SM0002471, SM0002490, SM0003167, 4 ♂ 1 ♀ (SEMC); 6.0 km NE Boquete, 8°48'0"N, 82°26'0"W, 1600 m, ex. fungusy log, 14.VI.1996, J. Ashe, R. Brooks, PAN1AB96 151, SM0042173, 1 ♂ (SEMC), same except: 1500 m, PAN1AB96 144, SM0050517, 1 ♂ (SEMC), same except: 1650 m, flight intercept trap, 14 to 19.VI.1996, PAN1AB96 180B, SM0044303, 1 ♂ (SEMC); same except: 1550 m, flight intercept trap, 14 to 19.VI.1996, PAN1AB96 179B, SM0042438, 1 ♂ (SEMC); 20 km N Gualaca, Finca La Suiza, 8°39'N, 82°12'W, 1350 m, ex. Favolus hexagonalis , 21.V.1995, J. & A. Ashe, #035, SM0006014, 1 ♂ (SEMC); same except: 22.V.1995, ex. fungusy log, #036, SM0004705, SM0004711, SM0007140, SM0005371, 2 ♂ 2 ♀ (SEMC); 20 km N Gualaca, Finca La Suiza, 8°39'N, 82°12'W, 1350 m, ex. flight intercept, 24.V to 9.VI.1995, J. Ashe & R. Brooks, #154, SM0007010, SM0007013, SM0007021, 3 ♂ (SEMC); same except 10 to 13.VI.1995, #196, SM0007028, 1 ♂ (SEMC); same except 10.VI.1995, fogging fungusy log, #167, SM0010456, SM0001900, SM0007030, 2 ♂ 1 ♀ (SEMC); same except: 1200 m, fogging fungusy log, 12.VI.1995, #190, SM0005622, SM0008015, 2 ♂ (SEMC); same except: 1450 m, fogging fungusy log, 12.VI.1995, #192, SM0000742, SM0000726, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (SEMC); 24 km S Gualaca, Finca La Suiza, 8°34'0"N, 82°12'0"W, 1285 m, 31.V.2000, H. & A. Howden, CR1EH99 08, SM0235823, SM0235825, SM0235826, 2 ♂ 1 ♀ (SEMC); 27.7 km W Volcan, Hartmann’s Finca, 8°51'42"N, 82°44'48"W, 1650-1700 m, ex. fungusy log, 17.VI.1996, J. Ashe, R. Brooks, PAN1AB96 164, SM0049609, SM0049625, 2 ♀ (SEMC); 27.7 km W Volcan, Hartmann’s Finca, 8°51'48"N, 82°44'36"W, 1450 m, ex. fungusy log, 17.VI.1996, J. Ashe, R. Brooks, PAN1AB96 168, SM0050713, SM0050718, SM0050719, 2 ♂ 1 ♀ (SEMC); 27.7 km W Volcan, Hartmann’s Finca, 8°45'N, 82°48'W, 1450 m, ex. fogging fungusy log, 15.VI.1995, J. Ashe, R. Brooks, #223, SM0008003, SM0021124, 2 ♂ (SEMC), same except: 16.VI.1995, #226, SM0004880, SM0005684, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (SEMC); Cerro Pando, 8°54'42"N, 82°43'18"W, 1875 m, ex. flight intercept trap, 17 to 18-VI-1996, J. Ashe, R. Brooks, PAN1AB96 185A, SM0016390, SM0038871, 2 ♂ (SEMC), same except 1850 m, PAN1AB96 184A, SM0016541, 1 ♂ (SEMC), same except: 1890 m, ex. fungusy log, 18.VI.1996, PAN1AB96 187A, SM0043548, 1 ♂ (SEMC); Hornito, Finca La Suiza, 8°39'N, 82°12'W, 1220 m, flight intercept trap, 31.V.2000, H. & A. Howden, SM0454113, 1 ♂ (SEMC), same except: 6.VI.2000, FMHD#2000-171, 1 ♀ (FMNH).

Diagnosis.

Within Bullatus Lineage: one setose puncture in dorsal row of pronotum; elytra dark, without bright metallic reflection; scutellum dark, not reddish; elytra without strigose patch; femur with apical dark band separated from the apex by a distance greater than half the length of the band (Fig. 11G).

Redescription.

Measurements ♂ (n=5): HW/HL 1.45-1.59; PW/PL 1.33-1.54; EW/EL 1.17-1.23; ESut/PL 0.81-0.96; PW/HW 1.03-1.09; forebody length 3.9-4.2 mm.

Measurements ♀ (n=5): HW/HL 1.46-1.57; PW/PL 1.28-1.42; EW/EL 1.11-1.23; ESut/PL 0.87-0.93; PW/HW 0.97-1.09; forebody length 4.4-5.3 mm.

Coloration: Body medium to dark brown, head and pronotum with weak bronze metallic reflection, frons occasionally with faint bluish-bronze metallic reflection, pronotum paler brown laterally, elytra dark brown, often with paler apex, entirely reddish-brown in some possibly teneral specimens, epipleuron reddish brown; abdominal tergites medium to dark brown on disc, their apex often paler, reddish-brown; paratergites variably paler, reddish brown; apex of tergite VII with triangular or semi-circular pale spot of variable size and width (one specimen seen lacking this spot). Ventral abdomen with paler areas variably developed: base of sternites III–VI with pair of lateral diffuse reddish-brown spots, or with lateral stripe along sternites III–VI, lighter areas sometimes extending from lateral stripe to apical margin; some specimens from the eastern Talamancas with sternites III to the base of sternite VII entirely reddish, apex of VII and entire VIII dark brown. Maxillary and labial palpi pale to dark brownish; antennomeres I–X grading from reddish-yellow (I) to brown or black (X), apical segment usually distinctly paler, varying from very light yellow to medium brown. Legs bicolored: forecoxa yellow, meso- and metacoxa dark yellow brown, femur yellow with dark brown band of variable length, situated apicad of middle (band on profemur sometimes incomplete), band on hind femur separated from apex by a distance greater than half its length; tibia brown to dark brown with medial face lighter, tarsus light brown.

Head with median frontal impression present as pair of parallel lines forming anterior margin of central protuberance; frons with coarse, irregular sculpture; with central protuberance, protuberance smooth, glossy, usually with a few asetose punctures and sometimes with fine median sulcus; base of head with posterior protuberances clearly separated medially with a channel, surface with asetose, deeply impressed punctures, impressions often forming deep sulci.

Pronotal disc with few to many asetose, fine punctures varying from barely to deeply impressed, lateral areas explanate, with well-impressed asetose punctures, spaced irregularly, often touching; protuberance distinct in lateral view; with one puncture in dorsal row (i.e. only marginal puncture); scutellum with several shallow to moderately impressed, confluent punctures; elytra weakly transverse, suture slightly shorter than pronotum at midline; surface without microsculpture, strongly uneven with protuberances; setae in rows relatively long and erect, distinct from overall surface sculpture in lateral view.

Abdominal tergites with sparse, long and gold pubescence, III–VI impressed at base; disc of tergites III–VI impunctate medially, this area becoming smaller on successive tergites; sternites III–V with basal transverse line sharply projected posteriad at middle, abdominal sternites with moderately coarse microsculpture, interspaces slightly larger than lines.

Median lobe in lateral view curved ventrad from midlength, outline variable in shape (many intermediates) as in Fig. 18 K–L but always with indentation at midlength; in parameral view, narrowed to acute apex at apical third; paramere in parameral view not or only slightly divided apically but always with median suture, shape varying from nearly parallel to slightly expanded near midlength (Fig. 18 I–J); paramere shorter to longer than median lobe (with intermediates); peg setae arranged in two lateral, single or variably doubled rows at apex of paramere (Fig. 18 M–N). Male sternite VIII with transverse basal line broken at middle, with weakly emarginate apex, impressed and glabrous in small triangular area near emargination; male sternite IX sparsely setose, distinctly asymmetrical at base and with deep emargination at apex (Fig. 23M).

Female tergite shield-shaped, with acute, non-emarginate apex (Fig. 26J); female laterotergal sclerites slightly expanded at base and overlapping with tergite X (Fig. 26J).

Distribution.

Figure 30B. Bolitogyrus bullatus occurs along the Tilarán, Central and Talamanca Cordilleras (Costa Rica and western Panama).

Bionomics.

Bolitogyrus bullatus has been collected using a variety of passive collecting methods (Malaise, FIT), fogging fungusy logs and by sifting leaf litter and decaying wood debris, which were sometimes processed in Berlese funnels. Specimens were also hand collected directly from fungi including 'small white gilled’ and 'orange gilled’ mushrooms, ' Clistocybe ?' and ' Favolus hexagonus '. This species has been collected in mid-elevation forests at elevations ranging from 1050-2460 m, in all months of the year.

Comments.

Among species of similar distribution, Bolitogyrus bullatus is most similar in habitus to Bolitogyrus falini and the dark species from the Ashei Group. It can be easily distinguished by the single puncture in the dorsal row of the pronotum. Within its distribution, Bolitogyrus bullatus is the most commonly collected species of the Bullatus Lineage. Given the wide elevational occurrence of Bolitogyrus bullatus , the populations of the Tilarán, Central and Talamanca Cordilleras appear to be, at most, weakly isolated from each other. However, the specimens from west of the Central Cordillera are all females and males are needed to fully confirm the occurrence of Bolitogyrus bullatus there. This species shows a wide range of external morphological variation, none of which corresponds with the observed variation of the paramere and median lobe. Only color appears to be geographically correlated: an extreme color morph exists in some Panamanian populations where the abdomen is solid red ventrally except for the apex of sternite VII and entire VIII. However, intermediates between the typical red striped and solid individuals were observed from Panama and also Costa Rica.