Diplazium phanerotis Kunze (1846: 443)

Pongkai, Puttamon, Zhang, Li-Bing, Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi & Pollawatn, Rossarin, 2023, Revision of the fern genus Diplazium (Polypodiales: Athyriaceae) in Thailand, Phytotaxa 631 (1), pp. 1-69 : 42-46

19. Diplazium phanerotis Kunze (1846: 443) . Fig. 25 .

Type: INDONESIA. Java, H. Zollinger 1491 (lectotype G00348439 , designated by Morton (1974)) .

Asplenium varium Roxburgh (1844: 498) . Diplazium roxburghii T.Moore (1860: 176) , (1862: 337), nom. nov., non Diplazium varium Gaudich. (1828) . – TYPE: Ambon?, W. Roxburgh ( C. Smith?) 2409 (lectotype BR [ BR 0000006984236], designated by Morton (1974)).

Plants terrestrial. Stem erect, 1.0– 1.5 cm diameter, bearing wiry roots, scaly; scales 5–6 × 0.8–1.5 mm, narrowly lanceolate, concolorous, dark brown to black, margin irregularly toothed. Fronds 35–53 cm, unipinnate; petioles 15–20 cm, nearly black, scaly at base. Laminae 20–33 × 12–18 cm, usually longer than stipe, subdeltoid in outline, gradually narrowing upwards, apex attenuate, terminal pinna not distinct, widest at base, glabrous, subcoriaceous, dark green; rachis grooved above, minutely hairy, gammae usually confined to apical portion; lateral pinnae 20–25 pairs, alternate, 8–10 × 1.0– 1.2 cm, narrowly oblong, subfalcate, apex acuminate, base truncate, margin dentate to serrate, distinctly auricle at acroscopic bases, sessile or shortly stalked at lower pinnae, 2–3 mm, longest at lower pinnae; veins pinnate with simple veinlets, veinlets 1 pair. Sori 5–6 mm, elongate along veinlets, usually on acroscopic veinlets of vein group, indusiate; indusia linear, thin, firm, persistent. Spores monolete, 35–37.5 × 20–22.5 μm, bilateral, concavo-convex to plano-convex, perispore present; ornamentation: irregular.

Thailand:—SOUTH-WESTERN: Prachuap Khiri Khan (Huaiyang waterfalls); SOUTH-EASTERN: Chanthaburi; PENINSULAR: Surat Thani (Ban Don, Klong Ton ), Phangnga ( Toong Rha Suung ), Krabi ( Khao Ngorn Nark ), Nakhon Si Thammarat ( Khao Luang , Khao Huai Pampun , Khao Nan, Chawang ), Patthalung ( Tha Mot ), Trang ( KHAO Chong), Satun, Songkhla (Ton Nga Chang waterfalls), Yala (Kiong Bla Hot, Ban Mae Prik, Betong).

Distribution:— Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia.

Ecology:—On moist mountain slopes in dense evergreen forests at low to medium elevations, lower than 1,000 m elev.

Specimens Examined:— THAILAND. Satun, A.F. G. Kerr 14444 (BK); ibid. A.F. G. Kerr 14590 (BK); Nakhorn Si Thammarat, Khao Luang, C. Apasutaya113 (BCU); Nakhorn Si Thammarat, Khao Luang, E. Hennipman 3799 (B); Trang, Khao Chong, H. Hennipman 3799 (L); ibid., H. Hennipman 3915 (L); Nakhorn Si Thammarat, Khao Nan, J.F. Maxwell 84-481 (PSU); Patthalung, Khao Pu Khao Ya, J.F. Maxwell 86-385 (PSU); Patthalung, Tamote, J.F. Maxwell 86-745 (PSU); Patthalung, J.F. Maxwell 86-747 (L); Nakhorn Si Thammarat, Yong waterfalls, K. Jamtsho, M. Stankovic & B. Hassama 5 (PSU); Patthalung, Tha Mot, K. Laesen et al. 459806 (L, QBG); Thailand, Chantaburi, Koh Chang; K. Larsen & T. Smitinand & E Warncke 1783 (BKF); Nakhorn Si Thammarat, Khao Luang, M. Tagawa , K. Iwatsuki & N. Fukuoka T4501 (L); ibid., M. Tagawa , K. Iwatsuki & N. Fukuoka T5271 (L); Songkhla, Ton Nga Chang waterfalls, N. Putthisawong 44 (PSU); Nakhorn Si Thammarat, Khao Luang, P. Pongkai 116 (BCU), Krabi, Khao Ngorn Nark, P. Pongkai 159 (BCU); Nakhorn Si Thammarat, Khao Nan, P. Pongkai 26 (BCU); ibid., P. Pongkai 27 (BCU); ibid., P. Pongkai 28 (BCU); ibid., P. Pongkai 29 (BCU); ibid., P. Pongkai 40 (BCU); ibid., P. Pongkai 46 (BCU); ibid., P. Pongkai 61 (BCU); ibid., P. Pongkai 64 (BCU); Phangnga, Toong Rha Suung, P. Suksathan 2509 (QBG); Nakhorn Si Thammarat, Khao Nan, T. Boonkerd, Y. Sirijamorn & C. Sanguansab 132 (BCU); ibid., T. Boonkerd, Y. Sirijamorn & C. Sanguansab 140 (BCU); ibid., T. Boonkerd, Y. Sirijamorn & C. Sanguansab 144 (BCU); Prachuap Khiri Khan, Huaiyang waterfalls, Y. Yuyen 175 (BCU). BRUNEI. Temburong, A.D. Poulsen 91 (K). INDONESIA. Kalimantan, A.C. Church, Ismail & A. Ruskandi 2476 (K); Bangka Island, Anta (K); Sumatra, C.G. Matthew s.n. (K); Sumatra, C.J. Brooks 2108 (BM); Kalimantan, C.S. Awmack 252 (K); Sumatra, E. Gardette 460 (K); Sumatra, J. Dransfield 3198 (K); Kalimantan, J.S. Tukirin 3107 (K); ibid., J.S. Tukirin 3325 (K); ibid., J.S. Tukirin 3107 (K); ibid., J.S. Tukirin 3325 (K); Kalimantan, M. Kato, G. Murata & Y.P. Mogea B3735 (K); Kalimantan, M. Kato, M. Okamoto & E.B. Walujo B9202 (K); Sumatra, P.W. Korthals s.n. (K); Sumatra, W.H. de Vriese 501 (K). MALAYSIA. Malacca, A.C. Maingay 3025 (K); Selangor, A.G. Piggott 2181 (K); Pahang, A.G. Piggott 3005 (K); Perak, B. Molesworth-Allen 2716 (K); Sabah, B.S. Parris & J.P. Croxall 8946 (K); Pahang, B.S. Parris 10375 (K); Penang, C. Curtis 1000 (K); Penang, C.G. Matthew s.n. (K); Selangor, C.G. Matthew s.n. (K); Selangor, D.W. Lee UL40 (K); ibid., D.W. Lee UL46 (K); Trengganu, E.A. Turnau 821 (K); Terengganu, E.J.H. Corner 30395 (K); Negeri Sembilan Bukit Tangga, E.S. Hose & G. Hose 5037 (K); Sabah, Forest Department, Sandakan SAN130860 (K); Perak, G.F. Hose s.n. (K); Malacca, H. Cuming 387 (K); Selangor, I.H. Burkill 11871 (K); Sabah, J. Clemens & M.S. Clemens 28155 (K); ibid., J. Clemens & M.S. Clemens 40565 (K); Pahang, M. Shah 1637 (K); Penang, N. Wallich 204 (K); Negeri Sembilan Ulu Bendul, R.E. Holltum 9865 (K); Sarawak, S.T. Lai S69628 (K); Penang, T. Lobb s.n. (K); Penang, W. Norris s.n. (K); Penang, W.F. Mactier s.n. (K). PHILIPPINES. Palawan, E.D. Merrill 7260 (K).

Figures

FIGURE 25. Diplazium phanerotis Kunze. A, whole plant. B, pinna with sori. C, scale showing toothed and not black marginal cells. P. Pongkai 27 (BCU).