Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, 1938

Lonsdale, Owen, 2021, Manual of North American Agromyzidae (Diptera, Schizophora), with revision of the fauna of the " Delmarva " states, ZooKeys 1051, pp. 1-481 : 1

Liriomyza sativae Blanchard

Figs 22 , 109 , 110 , 621-625

Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, 1938: 354. Frick 1959: 405; Spencer 1973a: 219, 1984: 23; Spencer and Steyskal 1986: 292; Rauf et al. 2000: 257; Scheffer and Lewis 2005: 181; Lonsdale 2011: 93, 2017: 81; Eiseman and Lonsdale 2018: 54.

Liriomyza subpusilla Frost, 1943: 255 [preoccupied by Malloch, 1914].

Liriomyza verbenicola Hering, 1951: 43. Spencer and Steyskal 1986b [synonymy].

Liriomyza pullata Frick, 1952b: 509. Spencer 1973a [synonymy].

Liriomyza canomarginis Frick, 1952b: 511. Spencer 1973a [synonymy].

Liriomyza minutiseta Frick, 1952b: 512. Spencer 1973a [synonymy].

Liriomyza propepusilla Frost, 1954: 73 [replacement name for Liriomyza subpusilla ]. Frick 1957: 62. Steyskal 1973 [synonymy].

Liriomyza munda Frick, 1957: 61. Spencer 1973a [synonymy].

Liriomyza pictella (Thompson). Misidentification, in part. Frick 1957: 66.

Liriomyza guytona Freeman, 1958: 344. Steyskal (1964) [as synonym of Liriomyza munda ].

Description

(Figs 109 , 110 ). Wing length 1.3-1.6 mm (♂), 1.4-1.8 mm (♀). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section: 1.6-4.0. Eye height divided by gena height: 4.4-5.8. Scutum shiny to subshiny.

Chaetotaxy: Two ori (anterior seta sometimes reduced to absent), sometimes three; two ors. Acrostichal setulae in four irregular rows.

Colouration: Posterolateral corner of frons brown, usually fading to yellow at base of outer or inner vertical seta; few western specimens with narrow brown margin along fronto-orbital plate tapering to anterior ori; back of head above foramen, ocellar tubercle and clypeus brown; venter of gena with narrow brownish stripe that sometimes fades posteriorly; anterior margin of first flagellomere rarely appearing lightly infuscated. Scutum with complete lateral yellow stripe, sometimes with brown mottling posteriorly. Scutellum yellow with lateral corner dark brown. Katatergite sometimes with posterior margin to posterior 1/2 brown; anatergite brown; mediotergite dark brown. Pleuron yellow with ventral 2/3 of katepisternum, meron, small spot(s) on anepimeron and anteroventral corner of anepisternum brown; anepisternum sometimes predominantly brown along ventral margin; specimens from western North America sometimes darker with only dorsal 1/4 of anepisternum (as well as deep posterodorsal emargination), meron and katepisternum yellow; if only dorsal margin of anepisternum narrowly yellow (rare), lateral margin of frons infuscated, femora more extensively mottled dorsally or only yellow apically and distoventrally, lateral margin of scutum sometimes brownish postsuturally, metanotum darker and abdominal tergites entirely brown. Calypter margin grey. Legs yellow with tibiae, tarsi and bases of coxae light brown; bases or dorsal bases of hind and (less commonly) mid femora sometimes brown (if so, base of fore femur occasionally also brown); fore femur, and much less commonly mid and hind femora sometimes with outer-dorsal striations. Abdomen brown with lateral and sometimes posterior margins yellow (sometimes widely on tergite 5); epandrium dark with dorsum and perianal region usually yellowish.

Genitalia: (Figs 621-625 ) Epandrium with one posterodistal spine. Surstylus lobate with one apical spine. Phallophorus well-developed with high dorsum. Basiphallus sclerotised along most of left-lateral and dorsomedial surfaces, leaving distal section of duct exposed. Hypophallus linear, narrow, with several apical hairs. Paraphallus small, linear. Mesophallus separate from distiphallus, small, narrow, subcylindrical with slight ventral carina along suture. Distiphallus simple, cup-like, narrowed basally; with apical, basal, and ventral surfaces more well-sclerotised, forming weak C-shape in profile. Ejaculatory apodeme pale and with base of blade and stem relatively dark and narrow, sometimes broader apically with corners more pointed.

Hosts.

Host genera of the polyphagous L. sativae are discussed in Lonsdale (2011); Rafinesquia ( Asteraceae ) and Astragalus ( Fabaceae ) added by Eiseman and Lonsdale (2018).

Distribution.

Canada: ON (likely to be widespread in southern Canada and in greenhouses, although the cold climate will likely prevent it from ever becoming a serious pest on outdoor crops). USA: TX to CA, CO and SC, and further north in greenhouses (OH, MD, PA). Neotropics. Introduced globally throughout growing regions.

Type material.

Holotype [ Liriomyza sativae ]: Argentina. "las larvas producen galerias en las hojas de la alfalfa en General Pico, Pampa; halladas por mi excelente colabodaro Juan Williason, xi.1937", ex. Medicago sativa (1♀, Museu de la Plata, Buenos Aries, Argentina). [Not examined]

Holotype [ Liriomyza canomarginis ]: USA. HI: Oahu, Kaimuki, 12.iv.1921, O.H. Swezey, ex. Indigofera sp. (1♀, BPBM). [Not examined]

Holotype [ Liriomyza guytona ]: USA. AL: Auburn, 20.iv.1957, ex. beans, C.C. Freeman (1♂, USNM).

Holotype [ Liriomyza minutiseta ]: USA. HI: Oahu, Honolulu, 7.ix.1951, W.C. Mitchell, ex. tomato (1♀, BPBM). [Not examined]

Holotype [ Liriomyza munda ]: USA. AL: San Joaquin Co. Tracy, 22.ix.1949, L.L. Lewallen, ex. leaf of tomato (1♂, USNM).

Holotype [ Liriomyza subpusilla ]: USA. KS: Manhattan, 14.x.1933, C.W. Sabrosky (1♂, USNM).

Holotype [ Liriomyza pullata ]: USA. HI: Kanoa, Molokai, 3.iii.1929, O.H. Swezey, ex. Datura sp. (1♀, BPBM). [Not examined]

Holotype [ Liriomyza verbenicola ]: USA. NM: Las Cruces, ex. Verbena sp. (1♀, ZMHU). [Not examined]

Additional aterial examined.

Costa Rica. San Rafael de Oro de Aqua, 3.ii.1982, ex. beans, 1.iii.1982, K.A. Spencer (1♂ 1♀, USNM). USA. CA: San Diego Co., Coyote Canyon, 9.iii.2017, em. 2.iv.2017, C.S. Eiseman, ex Lupinus arizonicus , #CSE3351, CNC940107 (1♂, CNC), Tubb Canyon, 11.iii.2017, em. 28.iii-6.iv.2017, C.S. Eiseman, ex Rafinesquia neomexicana , #CSE3311, CNC940098, CNC940099 (2♂, CNC), CO: Pitkin Co., Redstone, Avalanche Creek, near Rte. 133, 12.vii.2015, em. 25.vii.2015, C.S. Eiseman, ex Astragalus cicer , #CSE1832, CNC564629 (1♂, CNC), FL: Floral Acres, Inc., "on Chrysantemum leaves", 2.ii.1965, intercepted at San Juan, P.R., J. Lojo (1♂, USNM), Ruskin, 15.i.1945, English pea (2♂ 2♀, USNM), GA: Tifton, reared from Lupine leaf, G.R. Manglitz, 6.iv.1955 (1♀, USNM), 27.iv.1955 (2♀, USNM), 28.iv.1955 (1♂ 3♀, USNM), 2.v.1955 (3♂ 2♀, USNM), HI: Maui, Omaopio, 4.iii.1966, ex. tomato, N. Miyahira (2♂, USNM), LA: Chase, tomato leaf mine (1♀, USNM), MD: Montgomery Co., Colesville, 4.ix.1977, Malaise trap, W.W. Wirth (1♂, USNM), OH: Medina Co., reared from greenhouse tomato leaves, 23.vii.1963, R.B. Neiswander (4♂ 5♀, USNM), VA: Giles Co., Mountain Lake Biol Stn., 37°22'31"N, 80°31'18"W, Mal. over pond inflow, 23-30.v.2005, S.A. Marshall (1♂, DEBU), WY: Red Gulch Road, Hwy. 14 nr. Shell, pans in barren area nr. cottonwds., cow dung, J.E. Swann (1♂, DEBU). Also see Lonsdale (2011, 2017).

Figures

Figures 12 - 23. Melanagromyza metallica (Thomson), female abdomen (with terminalia retracted) 12 lateral 13 same, ventral 14 same, segment 10 to cercus, ventral 15 same, dorsal 16 - 18 Phytomyza horticola Goureau female, segment 10 to cercus 16 ventral 17 same, lateral 18 same, dorsal 19 Phytomyza melampyri Hering female, photo of denticles on membrane anterior to segment 8 20 - 23 female internal genitalia 20 Melanagromyza metallica 21 Phytomyza horticola 22 Liriomyza sativae Blanchard 23 Agromyza sp. (Uganda), female internal genitalia.

Figures 107 - 115. 107 Liriomyza sp., male, with arrow indicating stridulatory file 108 Liriomyza sp., female (S. A. Marshall - Cuba, Santiago) 109, 110 Liriomyza sativae (Blanchard), female 109 lateral 110 head, anterior 111, 112 Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), female 111 head, anterior 112 lateral 113 Liriomyza asclepiadis Spencer, female (S. A. Marshall - Virginia, Craig County) 114 Liriomyza sp., female (S. A. Marshall - Ontario, Orangeville) 115 Liriomyza nigriscutellata Spencer, female (P. Bryant - California, Newport Beach).

Figures 621 - 625. Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, male genitalia 621 external genitalia, ventral 622 external genitalia, left lateral 623 ejaculatory apodeme 624 phallus, left lateral 625 phallus, ventral. Originally published in Lonsdale (2017).