Eustigmaeus floridensis Maake, Ueckermann & Childers, 2016
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.1080/00222933.2015.1091105 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F7465AA4-4091-45CF-8FD6-18553996FFD7 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB572B2C-1B07-FFE4-FE99-5ABDD5FDABD2 |
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Plazi |
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scientific name |
Eustigmaeus floridensis Maake, Ueckermann & Childers |
| status |
sp. nov. |
Eustigmaeus floridensis Maake, Ueckermann & Childers sp. nov.
( Figures 1 View Figure 1 and 2 View Figure 2 )
Diagnosis
Dorsum covered with three shields, shields irregularly ornamented with oval dimples of equal sizes in groups of four or more; larger outlined dimples associated with setae sce, d2 and e1 contain at least four or more vacuoles centrally; one pair of eyes between setae ve and sci present; dorsal body setae broad and feather-like, except c2, which is slender; anogenital area with striae and with one pair of serrated aggenital (ag1) and three pairs of serrated pseudanal (ps1 − 3) setae; setae 4a present; distances between setae e1 – e1 is double f1 – f1; all setae on tarsi I and II smooth and acute compared with those on other leg segments.
Holotype
Female. ( Figures 1 View Figure 1 and 2 View Figure 2 ). Dimensions (n = 7): Length of body 288 (243 – 302); width 233 (192 – 251); lengths of legs (from base of trochanter to tip of tarsal claw) ( Figure 2 View Figure 2 A – D): Leg І 171 (108 – 157), leg II 119 (93 – 135), leg Ш 144 (106 – 147), leg ІV 161 (100 – 154).
Dorsum. ( Figure 1 View Figure 1 A). Idiosoma covered with two ornamented dorsal shields and also one dorsoventral suranal shield, all with irregularly distributed oval dimples of equal sizes in groups of four or more; larger outlined dimples are associated with setae sce, d2 and e1 containing at least four or more vacuoles centrally; surface between dimples smooth; prodorsal shield triangular with four pairs of setae (vi, ve, sci and sce), one pair of eyes between setae ve and sci; postocular bodies not evident; hysterosomal shield with six pairs of setae (c1, d1, d2, e1, e2 and f1); suranal shield with two pairs of setae (h1 and h2); dorsal body setae almost equal in length, flat, recurved, acute and featherlike, except for c2, which is slender; mid-section of each seta supports an outspreading and coarsely barbed membrane or web; humeral shield ornamented with oval dimples, bearing setae c2 between coxae II and III, and situated ventrally; lengths of dorsal setae: vi 53 (43 – 59), ve 55 (44 – 61), sci 59 (31 – 57), sce 61 (32 – 58), c1 63 (36 – 55), c2 65 (36 – 58), d1 58 (36 – 61), d2 57 (37 – 60), e1 62 (38 – 85), e2 63 (39 – 57), f1 56 (39 – 56), h1 47 (27 – 38), h2 34 (22 – 34); distances between dorsal setae: vi – vi 18 (15 – 26), ve – ve 72 (63 – 80); sci – sci 127 (105 – 132); c1 – c1 78 (66 – 90), d1 – d1 77 (66 – 88), e1 – e1 116 (98 – 112), f1 – f1 51 (42 – 57), h1 – h1 21 (20 – 29).
Gnathosoma . ( Figure 1 View Figure 1 B). Gnathosoma 94 (82 – 123) long; palp 88 (59 – 87) long ( Figure 1 View Figure 1 C); chelicerae free; subcapitulum ( Figure 1 View Figure 1 B) smooth with two pairs of finely serrated subcapitular setae (m and n), and two pairs of smooth adoral setae (or1 and or2), palp ( Figure 1 View Figure 1 C) five-segmented; palptarsus with five tactile setae plus one solenidion (ω) and one tridentate eupathidium; palptibia with two tactile setae, one spine-like accessory claw and one well-developed curved claw; palpgenu with two setae; palpfemora with two long serrated and one smooth setae; palptrochanter without setae.
Venter. ( Figure 1 View Figure 1 D). Setae c2 slender than dorsal setae, located on humeral shields, ornamented with oval dimples; coxisternal shields smooth and completely fused, bearing setae 1a, 3a and 4a. Ventral cuticle between coxae II and III with transverse striae. Anogenital shield invaded by striae flanking anal covers anteriorly, with one pair of setae (ag1); anal covers with three pairs of serrated setae (ps1 – 3); suranal shield situated ventrally, with dimples and bearing two pairs of small serrated setae (h1 and h2); length of ventral setae as follows: 1a 16 (11 – 17), 3a 17 (11 – 17), 4a 16 (12 – 17); ag1 13 (9 – 16); ps1 17 (14 – 18), ps2 11 (10 – 14) and ps3 13 (8 – 15).
Legs. ( Figure 2 View Figure 2 A – D). Setal formulae of leg segments (solenidia and k in parentheses and not included in the count, Table 1 View Table 1 ) as follows: coxae 2-2-2-2, trochanters 1-1-2-1, femora 6-5-3-2, genua 3(Κ)-3-1-1, tibiae 5(φ; φρ)-5(φρ)-5(φρ)-5(φρ), tarsi 13(ω)-9(ω)-7(ω)-7. Length of solenidion (ω): ω I 18; ω II 10; ω III 8.
Male. ( Figures 3 View Figure 3 and 4 View Figure 4 ). count (n = 3): Length of body (227 – 236); width (187 – 196)
Dorsum. ( Figure 3 View Figure 3 A). Idiosoma covered with two ornamented dorsal shields and one dorsoventral suranal shield, all with irregularly distributed oval dimples as in female; dorsal body setae generally shorter than those in females; prodorsal shield bears four pairs of setae (vi, ve, sci and sce) and one pair of eyes between setae ve and sci; dimensions of setae as follows: vi (44 – 49), ve (42 – 48), sci (44 – 47), sce (40 – 49), c1 (41 – 43), c2 (43 – 50), d1 (42 – 44), d2 (45 – 47), e1 (33 – 37), e2 (36 – 40), f1 (50 – 52), h1 (19 – 22), h2 (19 – 27); distances between dorsal setae: vi – vi (15 – 18), ve – ve (58 – 64); sci – sci (104 – 108); c1 – c1 (62 – 70), d1 – d1 (59 – 69), e1 – e1 (71 – 82), f1 – f1 (46 – 48), h1 – h1 (18 – 24). Other characters as in female.
Gnathosoma (88 – 94) long; palp (62 – 82) long; chelicerae free; subcapitulum smooth with two pairs of finely serrated subcapitular setae (m and n), and two pairs of smooth adoral setae (or1 and or2). palp ( Figure 3 View Figure 3 B) five-segmented; palptarsus with five tactile setae plus one solenidion (ω) and one tridentate eupathidium; palptibia with two tactile setae, one spine-like accessory claw and one well-developed curved claw; palpgenu with two long setae; palpfemora with two long serrated setae and one smooth seta; palptrochanter without setae.
Venter
Setae c2 similar to other dorsals, short and located on humeral shields, ornamented with oval dimples; coxisternal shields smooth and completely fused, bearing short setae 1a, 3a and 4a. Ventral cuticle between coxae II and III with transverse striae. Anogenital shield smooth with one pair of setae (ag1) ( Figure 3 View Figure 3 C); anal area with three pairs of serrated setae (ps1 – 3); length of ventral setae as follows: 1a (9 – 13), 3a (10 – 13), 4a (10 – 13); ag1 (14 – 16); ps1 (4), ps2 (8) and ps3 (10 – 11).
Legs. ( Figure 4 View Figure 4 ). Lengths of legs (from base of trochanter to tip of tarsal claw): Leg І (131 – 146), leg II (113 – 135), leg Ш (114 – 136), leg ІV (128 – 153). Setal formulae of leg segments (solenidia and k in parentheses and not included in the count, Table 1 View Table 1 ) as follows: coxae 2-2-2-2, trochanters 1-1-2-1, femora 6-5-3-2, genua 3(Κ)-3-1-1, tibiae 5(φ; φρ)-5(φρ)-5(φρ)-5(φρ), tarsi 13(ω; ωD)-9(ω; ωD)-7(ω; ωD)-7(ωD). Length of solenidia: ω I 15; ωD I 18; ω II 9; ωD II 18; ω III 5; ωD III 18; ωD IV 15.
Immature stages
Unknown.
Etymology
This species is named after the locality in which it was found, Florida.
Type materials
All materials studied were collected in Florida, Polk County, from the Trask, Pollard and Yarborough orchards. The holotype female, and two female and one male paratypes were collected from the trunk scrapings of ‘Hamlin ’ orange trees in the Trask citrus orchard , 27°58ʹ44ʹʹN, 81°53ʹ30ʹʹW, 30 March 1995 GoogleMaps ; four female and two male paratypes from trunk scrapings of ‘Duncan/Mash ’ grapefruit trees in the Pollard orchard , 27° 57ʹ20ʹʹN, 81°54ʹ15ʹʹW, between January and March 1995 GoogleMaps ; and one paratype female in Yarborough orchard , 27°57ʹ07ʹʹN, 81°53ʹ28ʹʹW, 3 March 1995 on a ‘Hamlin ’ orange tree trunk, all by C.C. Childers. GoogleMaps Two male and four female paratypes will be deposited as slide-mounted specimen in the Division of Plant Industry (DPI), Florida Department of Agriculture, Gainesville, FL, USA. The holotype, and three female and two male paratypes were deposited in the National Collection of Arachnida, Agricultural Research Council, Biosystematics Division, Plant Protection Research Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
Remarks
At first glance the new species, Eustigmaeus floridensis , may be confused with E. arcuata , Eustigmaeus microsegnis or Eustigmaeus segnis , all known to occur in Florida. All these species have recurved, acute and feather-like dorsal setae. The mid-section of each seta supports an outspreading and coarsely barbed membrane or web. The new species has a single aggenital seta and three pairs of pseudanal setae similar to the other three sister species. Although both the E. floridensis sp. nov. and E. segnis have serrated and equal number of aggenital and pseudanal setae, the anogenital shield is striate in the former species and smooth in the latter. Eustigmaeus floridensis sp. nov. differs from the other three species by having an extra seta on tarsi II [(9(1) vs 8(1)] ( Table 1 View Table 1 ). Based on the measurements of the type species (see Chaudhri 1965), setae c1 – c1 are closer in E. microsegnis (31 μm) and E. arcuata (39 μm) but quite widely spaced in E. segnis (85 μm) and E. floridensis sp. nov. (78 μm). In E. arcuata , the distances between e1 – e1 = f1 – f1 = e1 – f1, with the four setae forming a square-like pattern ( Chaudhri 1965). This differs from E. floridensis sp. nov. as e1 – e1 is double f1 – f1. Dorsal dimples in both E. microsegnis and E. segnis are irregularly shaped, with sieve-like patterns of small vacuoles. In E. floridensis sp. nov., dimples are also of variable size and shapes but without vacuoles, except in much larger dimples associated with setae sce, d2 and e1. The differences between these sister species are significant and the authors hereto consider their specimens as representing a new species, Eustigmaeus floridensis .
Key to species of the genus Eustigmaeus from USA (females)
1. One pair of paragenital setae, genu II without solenidia (k) ................................... 2
– More than one pair of paragenital setae, genu II with one solenidion (k) ....... 6
2. Distance e1 – e1 double f1 – f1; anogenital shield striated.. E. floridensis sp. nov.
– Distance e1 e1 equal or almost equal f1 – f1; anogenital shield reticulated ......... 3
3. Tarsi II with nine setae; setae c1 – c1 approximately 31 μm, but never greater..... ................................................................................................................................... E. microsegnis
– Tarsi II with eight setae; setae c1 – c1 greater than 31 μm......................................... 4
4. Dimples on dorsal shields fairly uniform in diameter, and contains 7 – 13 vacuoles............................................................................................................................ E. segnis
– Dimples on dorsal shields irregularly angular or polygonal, no evidence of vacuolation. ................................................................................................................................... 5
5. Coxisternal shields not fused, separated by longitudinal striae; genital shield divided into right and left halves by longitudinal striae...................... E. modiolus
– Coxisternal shields fused and reticulated; genital shield wedge-shaped............... .......................................................................................................................................... E. arcuata
6. Humeral shields associated with callosities..................................................................... 7
– Callosities absent...................................................................................................................... 12
7. Tarsus IV with a solenidion..................................................................................................... 8
– Tarsus IV without a solenidion........................................................................................... 10
8. Tarsi III 7(1); setae 4a present................................................................................................ 9
– Tarsi III 8(1); setae 4a absent..................................... ..................................... E. parvisetus
9. Dorsal setae long, c1 longer than the distance to d1, dorsal setae with spinules distally............................................................... ............................................................... E. ottavii
– Dorsal setae very short, c1 about a third the distance to d1, dorsal setae pointed, smooth........................................................................................................ E. najeeba
10. Three pairs of aggenital setae............................................................................................ 11
– Two pairs of aggenital setae.............................................................................. E. schusteri
11. Propodosomal shield with marginal incision between setae sci and sce; dorsal setae rod-like,acute with few spicules distally....................... ....................... E. lacuna
– Propodosomal shield not with marginal incision; dorsal setae slightly clavate, with minute spicules and thin hyaline sheath.............................................. E. gersoni
12. Eyes absent................................................................................................................................. 13
– Eyes present ............................................................................................................................... 15
13. Dorsal setae strongly plumose, setae shorter than distances to setae next behind........................................................................................................................................... 14
– Dorsal setae very long and serrate, longer than distances to setae next behind ........................................................................................................................................... E. gorgasi
14. Setae vi located anterior to propodosomal shield on a lobe; tarsus II 9(1).......... ............................................................................................................................................... E. lirella
– Setae vi not located on a lobe; tarsus II 8(1)................................................ E. gamma
15. Femur II with four setae E. anauniensis [ E. pectinutus ( Ewing, 1917) , synonym]
– Femur II with five setae ........................................................................................................ 16
16. Femur III with two setae....................................................................................................... 17
– Femur III with three setae....................................... ....................................... E. parasiticus
17. Trochanter III with one seta................................................................................ E. plumifer
– Trochanter III with two setae.............................................................................................. 18
18. Dorsal body setae short, strongly plumose or bush-like........................................ 19
– Dorsal body setae stubby, clavate, slightly tapered to greater thickness near blunt tip ....................................................................................................................................... 20
19. Hysterosomal shield with a pair of anomalous dimples between setae c1 and d1 .................................................................................................................... E. craticula
– Hysterosomal shield without anomalous dimples................... ................... E. myrtea
20. Tarsus IV with a solenidion.......................................... .......................................... E. ovatus
– Tarsus IV without a solenidion.................................................................................................. ................................................ E. clavatus [ E. reticulatellus ( Habeeb, 1961) , synonym?]
Table 1. Chaetotaxy of leg segments of Eustigmaeus species (females) distributed in USA.
| Species | Tarsi | Tibia | Genua | Femora | Trochanter |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E. segnis ( Koch, 1836) | 13(1)-8(1)-7(1)-7 | 5(2)-5(1)-5(1)-5(1) | 3(1)-3-1-1 | 6-5-3-2 | 1-1-2-1 |
| E. microsegnis ( Chaudhri, 1965) | 13(1)-9(1)-7(1)-7 | 5(2)-5(1)-5(1)-5(1) | 3(1)-3-1-1 | 6-5-3-2 | 1-1-2-1 |
| E. floridensis sp. nov. | 13(1)-9(1)-7(1)-7 | 5(2)-5(1)-5(1)-5(1) | 3(1)-3-1-1 | 6-5-3-2 | 1-1-2-1 |
| E. arcuata Chaudhri, 1965 | 13(1)-8(1)-7(1)-7 | 5(2)-5(1)-5(1)-5(1) | 3(1)-3-1-1 | 6-5-3-2 | 1-1-2-1 |
| E. modiolus ( Summers and Price, 1961) | 13(1)-8(1)-7(1)-7 | 5(2)-5(1)-5(1)-5(1) | 3(1)-3-1-1 | 6-5-3-2 | 1-1-2-1 |
| E. parasiticus ( Chaudhri, 1965) | 12(1)-8(1)-7(1)-7 | 5(2)-5(1)-5(1)-5(1) | 3(1)-3(1)-1-1 | 6-5-3-3 | 1-1-2-1 |
| E. gamma ( Chaudhri, 1965) | 13(1)-8(1)-7(1)-7 | 5(2)-5(1)-5(1)-5(1) | 3(1)-3(1)-1-1 | 6-5-3-2 | 1-1-2-1 |
| E. gorgasi ( Chaudhri, 1965) | 13(1)-8(1)-7(1)-7 | 5(2)-5(1)-5(1)-5(1) | 3(1)-3(1)-1-1 | 6-5-3-2 | 1-1-2-1 |
| E. anauniensis ( Canestrini, 1889) [ E. pectinutus ( Ewing, 1917) , synonym] | 13(1)-9(1)-7(1)-7 | 5(2)-5(1)-5(1)-5(1) | 3(1)-3(1)-1-1 | 6-4-3-2 | 1-1-2-1 |
| E. lirella ( Summers and Price, 1961) | 13(1)-9(1)-7(1)-7 | 5(2)-5(1)-5(1)-5(1) | 3(1)-3(1)-1-1 | 6-5-3-2 | 1-1-2-1 |
| E. clavatus ( Canestrini and Fanzago, 1876) [ E. reticulatellus ( Habeeb, 1961) , synonym?] | 13(1)-9(1)-7(1)-7 | 5(2)-5(1)-5(1)-5(1) | 3(1)-3(1)-1-1 | 6-5-3-2 | 1-1-2-1 |
| E. craticula ( Summers and Price, 1961) | 13(1)-9(1)-7(1)-7 | 5(2)-5(1)-5(1)-5(1) | 3(1)-3(1)-1-1 | 6-5-3-2 | 1-1-2-1 |
| E. myrtea ( Chaudhri, 1965) | 13(1)-9(1)-7(1)-7 | 5(2)-5(1)-5(1)-5(1) | 3(1)-3(1)-1-1 | 6-5-3-2 | 1-1-2-1 |
| E. ovatus ( Chaudhri, 1965) | 13(1)-9(1)-7(1)-7(1) | 5(2)-5(1)-5(1)-5(1) | 3(1)-3(1)-1-1 | 6-5-3-2 | 1-1-2-1 |
| E. ottavii ( Berlese, 1910) | 13(1)-9(1)-7(1)-7(1) | 5(2)-5(1)-5(1)-5(1) | 3(1)-3(1)-1-1 | 6-5-3-2 | 1-1-2-1 |
| E. gersoni ( Wood, 1972) | 13(1)-9(1)-7(1)-7 | 5(2)-5(1)-5(1)-5(1) | 3 (1)-3 (1)-1-1 | 6-5-3-2 | 1-1-2-1 |
| E. lacuna ( Summers, 1957) | 13(1)-9(1)-7(1)-7 | 5(2)-5(1)-5(1)-5(1) | 3(1)-3(1)-1-1 | 6-5-3-2 | 1-1-2-1 |
| E. parvisetus ( Chaudhri, 1965) | 13(1)-9(1)-8(1)-7(1) | 5(2)-5(1)-5(1)-5(1) | 3(1)-3(1)-1-1 | 6-5-3-2 | 1-1-2-1 |
| E. schusteri ( Summers and Price, 1961) | 13(1)-9(1)-7(1)-7 | 7(2)-6(1)-6(1)-5(1) | 3(1)-3 (1)-1-1 | 6-5-3-2 | 1-1-2-1 |
| E. najeeba ( Habeeb, 1973) | 13(1)-9(1)-7(1)-7(1) | 5(2)-5(1)-5(1)-5(1) | 3(1)-3(1)-1-1 | 6-5-3-2 | 1-1-2-1 |
| E. plumifer ( Halbert, 1923) | 13(1)-9(1)-7(1)-7 | 5(2)-5(1)-5(1)-5(1) | 3(1)-3(1)-1-1 | 6-5-3-2 | 1-1-1-1 |
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