Glochidion lanceolatum Hayata in J. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 20: 16. 1904

Yao, Gang, Song, Zhu-Qiu, Xue, Bin-E, Shi, Shi, Li, Yu-Ling & Luo, Shi-Xiao, 2020, Taxonomic revision of the genus Glochidion (Phyllanthaceae) in Taiwan, China, PhytoKeys 159, pp. 137-159 : 137

3. Glochidion lanceolatum Hayata in J. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 20: 16. 1904 Figures 1B, C , 2F, G , 5A, C, E, G, I, L

Glochidion kotoense Hayata in Icon. Pl. Form. 9: 96. 1920. Type: China. Formosa (now Taiwan), Kôtôshô, Anonymous s.n. (holotype: TI-01807, photo!).

Glochidion sphaerostigmum Hayata in Icon. Pl. Form. 9: 96. 1920. Type: China. Formosa (now Taiwan), Suisha, Anonymous s.n. (holotype: TI-01817, photo!).

Glochidion kusukusense Hayata in Icon. Pl. Formos. 9: 96. 1920. syn. nov. Type: China. Formosa (now Taiwan), Kusukusu, July 1912, B. Hayata & S. Sasaki s.n. (holotype: TI-01808, photo!, Figure 1B ).

Type.

China. Formosa (now Taiwan), Kelung, 31 October 1896, T. Makino s.n. (lectotype: TI-01810, photo!, Figure 1C ; here designated); Remaining syntype: Taiwan, Kelung, 1 November 1896, C. Owatari s.n. (TI-01811, photo!).

Distribution and habitat.

Glochidion lanceolatum is distributed in China (only in Taiwan) and south Japan, and also recorded from the Philippines ( Govaerts et al. 2019). It usually occurs in open forests, roadsides, and at low altitudes. The species is widely distributed from northern to southern Taiwan.

Taxonomic discussion.

The morphological description of G. kusukusense provided by Hayata (1920) is brief and short, and it is in accordance with its type that has only a short branch and several leaves (Figure 1B ). In the protologue, G. kusukusense was compared morphologically with G. wrightii Benth, a species widely distributed in southern and southwestern China. After observing the type of G. kusukusense deposited in herbarium TI (Figure 1B ), we found that its glabrous habit and lanceolate leaves were identical to that of the species G. lanceolatum (Figure 1C ), which is widely distributed in Taiwan. Thus, we considered that G. kusukusense is conspecific with G. lanceolatum (Figure 1C ) and reduced it to be a new synonym of the latter.

In Hsu et al. (2006) study, some specimens collected from Nantou and Taoyuan of Taiwan (out of the type locality of G. kusukusense ) cannot be identified as Glochidion species usually known to Taiwan, while their lanceolate leaves and glabrous pedicel of male flowers observed seemed to be consistent with the diagnostic traits of G. kusukusense , when compared with another dubious species G. chademenosocarpum also described in Taiwan, as suggested by Li (1994) based on the protologues of the two species. Thus the distribution of G. kusukusense in Taiwan was accepted by Hsu et al. (2006), although the type of the species was unavailable in their study. However, the detailed morphological description and line drawing of G. kusukusense provided in Hsu et al. (2006) are very different from the type of the species but well identical with G. ellipticum , a species distributed in Taiwan but omitted in most literature of Taiwanese Glochidion , including Hsu et al. (2006). The result from rechecking the specimens cited as G. kusukusense in Hsu et al. (2006) further confirmed our conclusion. More specimens of G. ellipticum collected from Chiayi, Kaosiung, Keelung, Pingtung, Nantou, Taichung and Tainan of Taiwan were also found and studied in the current study (see 'Representative specimens examined’ under the species G. ellipticum ).

Morphologically, the species G. lanceolatum is similar to the typical variety of G. zeylanicum , but differs by its smaller leaves (6-13 × 2.5-4 cm), ovaries 4-6-locular, and capsules 6-7 mm in diameter (Figure 2G ). In contrast, G. zeylanicum var. zeylanicum has larger leaves (8.5-23.5 × 5-9 cm), ovaries 6-8-locular, and capsules 8-12 mm in diameter (Figure 2Q ). Additionally, as revealed in previous studies, pollen morphology of the two taxa also showed differences in terms of pollen size and aperture system ( Deng 1992; Yao and Zhang 2016). Pollen grains of G. lanceolatum are smaller in size [polar axis (P) = 17.25 μm, equatorial axis (E) = 15.47 μm] and showed a 3-4-colporate aperture pattern ( Yao and Zhang 2016). In contrast, pollen grains of G. zeylanicum var. zeylanicum are larger in size (P = 22.28 μm, E = 19.49μm) and showed a 4-colporate aperture pattern ( Yao and Zhang 2016).

Representative specimens examined.

China. Taiwan. Hsinchu Hsien, Peipu, 24°42'0"N, 121°3'5"E, 12 January 1908, U. Mori s.n. (TAI); Hualien Hsien, Tungmen, Wunlan, at an elevation of 180-250 m, 23 November 1982, Y. Tateishi 16250 (HAST); Keelung, 25°7'43"N, 121°44'9"E, 8 September 1928, S. Sasaki s.n. (TAI); Kaohsiung, Shoushan, al. 400 m, 16 October 1985, S.Y. Lu 17379 (HAST); Keelung, Ensorei, 25°7'32"N, 121°45'56"E, 14 April 1929, S. Suzuki s.n. (TAI); Keelung, Hopingtao, 25°9'33"N, 121°45'5"E, 8 December 1963, C.C. Chuang & M.T. Kao 5541 (PH, TAI); Ilan Hsien, Lotung, 24°40'58"N, 121°47'13"E, 13 November 1932, S. Suziki 12348 (TAI); Ilan Hsien, Suao, 24°35'34"N, 121°50'38"E, Y.M. Hsu 113 (TAI); Ilan Hsien, Lungtanhu, along the paved road surrounding the lake, at an elevation of 100 m, 23 January 1997, S.M. Liu 556 (HAST); Ilan Hsien, Toucheng Town, TaHSI, Taoyuanku trail, at an elevation of 50 m, 16 November 2000, J.J. Chen 539 (HAST); Miaoli Hsien, Zhuolan, at an elevation of 0-300 m, 10 July 2001, C.M. Wang 5060 (IBSC); Pingtung Hsien, Manchou Hsiang, Chunhsing Bridge-Chiatulu, 22°01'17"N, 120°48'29"E, at an elevation of 60-100, on broadleaf forest, 11 April 1998, C.M. Wang et al. 03069 (PE); Pingtung Hsien, Peiyeh-Shanpaiwan, 22°42'6"N, 120°38'31"E, 25 December 1930, S. Suzuki 6798 (TAI); Pingtung Hsien, Shihtzu Hsiang, Shouchia-Mutan, 22°14'46"N, 120°49'49"E, at an elevation of 420 m, roadside, 26 March 1999, C.M. Wang 03936 (PE); Taipei, Muchihshan, 25°1'15"N, 121°35'3"E, 12 April 1985, S.F. Huang 2780 (TAI); Taipei, Peitou, 25°7'42"N, 121°29'42"E, 13 December 1931, T. Suzuki 5904 (TAI); Taipei, Tatungshan, 25°10'22"N, 121°31'33"E, 30 December 1929, Y. Simada 1743C (TAI); Taipei, Wantan, 24°56'39"N, 121°31'49"E, 21 March 1949, H. Keng 1008 (TAI); Taipei, Chungho Shih: Yuan-Tung-Ssu, at an elevation of 50 m, 6 October 1989, C.H. Lin 258 (HAST); Taipei, Linkou Hsien, Hou-hu, roadside, at an elevation of 100-200 m, 23 September 2000, C.L. Huang & H.M. Chang 134 (HAST); Taitung Hsien, Hungtou river, Lanyu, 22°1'49"N, 121°33'13"E, T. Hosokawa 8048 (TAI); Taitung Hsien, Lanyu Hsiang, Bridge Chungaichiao, roadside, 4 December 1996, T.Y.A. Yang et al. 07749 (KUN); Taitung Hsien, Lanyu Hsiang, Langtao, Pond Hsiaotienchih, at an elevation of 180 m, roadside, 18 December 1997, T.Y.A. Yang et al. 09881 (IBSC); Taitung Hsien, Lanyu Hsiang, Langtao, Pond Hsiaotienchih, at an elevation of 150-180 m, 9 July 1997, T.Y.A. Yang et al. 08598 (IBSC); Taitung, Lanyu, Orchid Is., 22°3'23"N, 121°30'52"E, T.C Huang et al. 10552 (TAI).

Figures

Figure 1. A holotype of Glochidion assamicum var. magnicapsulum Croiatz & Hara (A. Henry 117, A) B holotype of G. kusukusense Hayata (B. Hayata & S. Sasaki s. n., TI) C lectotype of G. lanceolatum Hayata (T. Makino s. n., TI) D holotype of G. chademenosocarpum Hayata (B. Hayata s. n., TI) E isotype of G. rubrum Blume (C. L. von Blume s. n., NY) F isolectotype of G. suishaense Hayata (B. Hayata s. n., TI).

Figure 2. General morphology of Glochidion A-C G. acuminatum var. acuminatum Muell. Arg D, E, H G. ellipticum Wight F, G G. lanceolatum Hayata I-K G. philippicum (Cav.) C. B. Rob L, P G. puberum (L.) Hutch M-O G. rubrum Blume Q-S G. zeylanicum var. zeylanicum (Gaertn.) A. Juss T-V G. zeylanicum var. tomentosum Trimen A, D, F, I, M, R, T female flowers B, E, J, S, U male flowers C, G, H, K, N-Q, V fruits L female flowers and male flowers N male flowers and fruits. Photographs: A-C, F, G, I-K, M-O, Q-U by A. Kawakita (Kyoto University, Japan) D-E, H, L, P by G. Yao V Z. Q. Song.

Figure 5. Morphological comparison between Glochidion lanyuense Gang Yao & S. X. Luo and G. lanceolatum Hayata A, C, E, G, I, L G. lanyuense B, D, F, H, J, K, M G. lanceolatum A, B female flower C, D ovary and style E, F pedicle of female flower G, H general view of style I-K female flowers (shown by arrowheads) L, M fruit. Scar bars: 1 mm (A-H); 3 mm (I-K); 5 mm (L).