Gamasiphis plenosetosus Karg, 1994

Castilho, Raphael C., Narita, João Paulo Z. & de Moraes, Gilberto J., 2012, Three new species of Gamasiphis (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ologamasidae) from Brazil, with complementary information about Gamasiphis plenosetosus Karg and a key to the world species of the genus, Journal of Natural History 46 (31 - 32), pp. 1969-1998 : 1985-1994

Gamasiphis plenosetosus Karg

Gamasiphis plenosetosus Karg, 1994b: 210 .

Diagnosis of adults

Anteromedial extension of epistome lanceolate and serrated; all idiosomal setae aciculate; five pairs of J setae; seta J2 about 1.8 times as long as distance between its base and base of J3; seta J4 as long as distance between its base and base of J5; seta Z4 slightly laterad to Z5; seta Z4 about as long as distance between its base and base of Z5; two pairs of presternal shields; sternal shield with four pairs of lyrifissures; seta Zv2 as long as distance between its base and base of Zv3.

Adult female (holotype)

All setae aciculate.

Gnathosoma . Fixed cheliceral digit 43 long, with six teeth in addition to apical tooth and a setiform pilus dentilis; movable cheliceral digit 42 long, with three teeth in addition to apical tooth. Antiaxial lyrifissure and dorsal cheliceral seta not distinct. Anteromedial extension of epistome lanceolate and serrated; anterolateral extensions smooth, aciculate and shorter than anteromedial extension. Deutosternum not distinguishable. Seta h3 directly posterior to h1 and slightly anterior and mediad to h2. Measurements of setae: h1 15, h2 12, h3 13, sc broken.

Dorsal idiosoma. Idiosoma 361 long and 284 wide at widest point. Podonotal region reticulated posterolaterally and immediately behind j6, smooth elsewhere; with 23 pairs of setae (r1 absent); lyrifissures and pores not distinguishable. Opisthonotal region imbricate; with 18 pairs of setae (S5 and R5 absent); lyrifissures and pores not distinguishable; seta J2 about 1.8 times as long as distance between its base and base of J3; seta J4 as long as distance between its base and base of J5; seta Z4 slightly laterad to Z5; seta Z4 about as long as distance between its base and base of Z5. Measurements of setae: j1 broken, j2 broken, j3 broken, j4 broken, j5 broken, j6 27, z1 broken, z2 22, z3 broken, z4 28, z5 broken, z6 31, s1 broken, s2 broken, s3 25, s4 30, s5 31, s6 35, r2 23, r3 21, r4 29, r5 13, r6 33, J1 28, J2 33, J3 35, J4 33, J5 18, Z1 36, Z2 36, Z3 39, Z4 32, Z5 47, S1 36, S2 37, S3 33, S4 26, R1 36, R2 37, R3 36, R4 35.

Ventral idiosoma. Tritosternum broken. With two pairs of presternal shields. Sternal shield reticulate between st1 and st2, smooth posteriorly; approximately 75 long at mid-line and 112 wide between tips of endopodal projections between coxae II and III; with four pairs of setae, st3 inserted well anterior and mediad to st2, and four pairs of lyrifissures. Genital shield mostly smooth, with a single curved line delimiting each posterior corner; sclerotized section shorter than width along straight posterior margin, which is slightly posterior to posterior margin of coxa IV; distance between st5–st5 34. Ventrianal shield reticulate anteriorly to Zv3 and smooth posteriorly; 157 long at mid-line (from anterior margin to postanal seta), 168 wide at widest point; with eight pairs of setae (Jv1–Jv5, Zv1–Zv3) in addition to circumanal setae and with three pairs of lyrifissures; seta Zv2 as long as distance between its base and base of Zv3; anal region of the shield partially separated from ventral region by an unsclerotized line (except for area between Jv3 and slightly laterad to it) that runs diagonally to dorsum of idiosoma, reaching region next and posterior to Z1; seta Jv5 about in level with anterior margin of anal opening and about 2.6 times as long as para-anal seta. A narrow band of dorsal shield extending laterad and up to the posterior end of the fused peritrematic–exopodal shield. With a wide diagonal section of sclerotized cuticle laterad to ventrianal shield and connecting it to the dorsal shield. Peritreme extending anteriorly almost to anterior margin of coxa II. Measurements of setae: st1 21, st2 16, st3 9, st4 17, st5 15, Jv1 broken, Jv2 21, Jv3 25, Jv4 36, Jv5 29, Zv1 broken, Zv2 31, Zv3 36, para-anal 11, postanal broken.

Legs. Lengths: I: 282; II: 229; III: 195; IV: 261. Numbers of setae on segments of legs I–IV: coxa: 2, 2, 2, 1; trochanter: 6, 5, 5, 5; femur: 13, 11, 6, 6; genu: 13, 11, 9, 8; tibia: 14, 10, 8, 9; tarsus II–IV: 18, 18, 17. All legs with pretarsi, each with three rounded pulvillar lobes, elongate ambulacral stalk and a pair of strongly sclerotized claws.

Material examined

Holotype female collected by W. Karg from litter, on roots and wood pieces in a Miconia sp. (Melastomataceae) area, near Media Luna, Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos Islands, on 6 February 1985. Holotype deposited at Arachnologische Sammlung des Museums für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany.

Remarks

This species is known only from the adult female holotype, which is not illustrated in this paper because of its poor condition. In the original description, Karg (1994b) neither illustrated nor mentioned the presence of r6; in our interpretation this seta is present in the holotype and so the podonotal region has 23 instead of 22 pairs of setae. In addition, only two pairs of lyrifissures (both on sternal shield) were shown in the illustration of the original description; we could not see lyrifissures on the dorsum of the idiosoma either, because of the poor condition of the holotype; however, it was possible to distinguish four pairs of lyrifissures on the sternal shield and three pairs on the ventrianal shield. No information was provided in the original description about the hypostome, tritosternum and leg setal counts. The following measurements were provided in the original description: idiosoma 370 long, 220 wide, dorsum podonotal setae 30–35 [except j1 (cited as i1) 15], dorsum opisthonotal setae 30–40 [except J5 (cited as I5) 25 and Z5 53], st1 16, st2 13, st3 8, ventrianal setae 30 [except Jv4 and Zv3 (cited as “Kaudalrande”) 40–43], length of legs I 310, II 240 , III 200 and IV 270 .

Key to world species of Gamasiphis based on adult females

Sixty-eight species were mentioned by Castilho, Silva et al. (2010) in Gamasiphis . Sufficient information is presently available in the literature to allow the recognition of the females of 60 species, including the three new species described here. The following key was elaborated to help the separation of those species.

Gamasiphis gamasellus Berlese, 1913 from Indonesia, Gamasiphis benoiti Loots, 1980 from Seychelles and Gamasiphis erinaceus Karg, 1993 , Gamasiphis macrorbis Karg, 1993 , Gamasiphis minoris Karg, 1996 and Gamasiphis superardor Karg, 1993 from New Caledonia were not included in the key because they were described only based on adult males. Gamasiphis femoralis ( Banks, 1916) from Tasmania [revoking the combination of Lee & Hunter (1974) and restoring the combination of Womersley (1956)], Gamasiphis uncifer Trägårdh, 1931 from Juan Fernandez Islands and Gamasiphis illotus Fox, 1949 from Puerto Rico, described based on adult females, were also not included because their descriptions are not sufficiently detailed to allow their separation from other similar species ( Banks 1916; Trägårdh 1931; Fox 1949). Gamasiphis elegantellus , G. elongatellus and G. pilosellus from Indonesia were also not included because of the insufficient details provided in the corresponding original descriptions, and because of the poor conditions of the type specimens did not allow their appropriate examination. In addition, the inclusion of G. productellus should be considered as tentative; in the type specimen, the anteromedian extension of the epistome coincides with the margin of one of the chelicera, hampering a conclusive visualization of the shape of the first structure; we assumed it to be aciculate, reasoning that it would be distinguishable if distally expanded.

Although at some time considered to belong to Gamasiphis , the following species were not included in the key because they are presently considered to belong to other genera: Caliphis hickmani ( Womersley, 1956) , Caliphis minisetae ( Karg, 1993) comb. nov., Caliphis novaezelandiae ( Womersley, 1956) , Caliphis queenslandicus ( Womersley, 1956) , Caliphis tamborinensis ( Womersley, 1956) , Cymiphis watsoni ( Hirschmann, 1966) , Gamasiphoides propinquus ( Womersley, 1956) , Heydeniella crozetensis Richters, 1907 , Heydeniella loricata (Trägårdh, 1907) , Laelaptiella anomala Womersley, 1956 , Laelaptiella mackerrasae (Domrow, 1957) , Stylochirus giganteus (Willmann, 1938) , Stylochirus rarior ( Berlese, 1916) , Stylochirus haemisphaericus (Koch, 1839) .

1. Without presternal shields.................................................................... Gamasiphis ellipticus Karg , New Caledonia ( Karg 1996) With one to three pairs of presternal shields.............................. 2

2. With three pairs of presternal shields, arranged as the margins of a triangle.......... Gamasiphis holocapillus Karg, Lesser Antilles ( Karg 1990) With one or two pairs of presternal shields............................... 3

3. With one pair of presternal shields....................................... 4 With two pairs of presternal shields..................................... 28

4. Anteromedial extension of epistome distally expanded.................... 5 Anteromedial extension of epistome aciculate............................ 17

5. Seta Jv1 about 1.2 times as long as distance between its base and base of Jv2 ........................ Gamasiphis fornicatus Lee , Australia ( Lee 1970) Seta Jv1 at most 0.7 times as long as distance between its base and base of Jv2 ..................................................................... 6

6. Seta st3 mediad and distinctly anterior to st2 ............................................. Gamasiphis conciliator Berlese , New Caledonia ( Berlese 1916) Seta st3 mediad and in horizontal line or posterior to st2 .................. 7

7. Seta J4 at least 1.5 times as long as distance between its base and base of J5 ...................................................................... 8 Seta J4 at most as long as distance between its base and base of J5 ....... 10

8. Seta j6 about 0.8 times as long as distance between its base and base of J1; seta J1 as long as distance between its base and base of J2 .......................................... Gamasiphis lenifornicatus Lee , Australia ( Lee 1973) Seta j6 at least 1.2 times as long as distance between its base and base of J1; seta J1 at least 1.7 times as long as distance between its base and base of J2 ...................................................................... 9

9. Anteromedial extension of epistome club-shaped; seta j2 [indicated as s1 by Karg (1993)] about 1.6 times as long as distance between its base and base of j3 ................... Gamasiphis foliatus Karg , New Caledonia ( Karg 1993) Anteromedial extension of epistome spatulate; seta j2 [unnamed seta between i1 and i2 of Karg (1995)] about five times as long as distance between its base and base of j3 ..... Gamasiphis spinulosus Karg , New Caledonia ( Karg 1995)

10. Seta j2 about six times as long as distance between its base and base of j3 ................... Gamasiphis brevigenitalis Karg , New Caledonia ( Karg 1993) Seta j2 at most as long as distance between its base and base of j3 ........ 11

11. Seta Z5 at most as long as J5 ........................................... 12 Seta Z5 at least twice as long as J5 ...................................... 14

12. Seta Jv2 as long as distance between its base and base of Jv3 .............................................. Gamasiphis saccus Lee , Australia ( Lee 1973) Seta Jv2 at most half as long as distance between its base and base of Jv3 .......................................................................... 13

13. Seta st3 directly posterior to st2 ............................................................... Gamasiphis euincisus Karg , New Caledonia ( Karg 1996) Seta st 3 in horizontal line and mediad to st2 ..................................................... Gamasiphis ovoides Karg , New Caledonia ( Karg 1993)

14. Seta J1 at least as long as distance between its base and base of J2 ........ 15 Seta J1 at most 0.6 times as long as distance between its base and base of J2 ..................................................................... 16

15. Seta J1 about twice as long as distance between its base and base of J2; peritreme extending anteriorly to mid-level of coxa II............................... Gamasiphis arcuatus (Trägårdh) , French Polynesia ( Trägårdh 1952) Seta J1 about as long as distance between its base and base of J2; peritreme extending anteriorly almost to posterior margin of coxa II....................................... Gamasiphis anguis Karg , New Caledonia ( Karg 1993)

16. Seta J4 about half as long as distance between its base and base of J5; with a short laterodiagonal fissure running from level of Jv5 (V 8 in Karg’s publications) to level of S3 [same terminology of Karg (1993)]............................................ Gamasiphis ardor Karg , New Caledonia ( Karg 1993) Seta J4 about as long as distance between its base and base of J5; with a long laterodiagonal fissure running from Jv5 to level of r6 [indicated as S7 by Karg (1997)]........ Gamasiphis longiorsetosus Karg , New Caledonia ( Karg 1997)

17. With a distinct line of fusion between podonotal and opisthonotal shields................................................................ 18 Line of fusion between podonotal and opisthonotal shields not distinct... 19

18. Setae Zv1 and Zv2 about as long as distance between their bases and bases of Zv2 and Zv3, respectively............................................................. Gamasiphis australicus Womersley , Australia ( Womersley 1956) Setae Zv1 and Zv2 about half as long as distance between their bases and bases of Zv2 and Zv3, respectively....................................................... Gamasiphis gandensius Van Daele , Belgium ( Van Daele 1975)

19. Opisthonotal region imbricate; seta J4 about twice as long as distance between its base and base of J5 ................................................. 20 Opisthonotal region smooth; seta J4 at most as long as distance between its base and base of J5 .................................................... 22

20. Seta j2 [indicated as s1 by Karg (1995)] about 0.7 times as long as distance between its base and base of j3; seta j6 about half as long as distance between its base and base of J1 .......................................................................... Gamasiphis incudis Karg , New Caledonia ( Karg 1993) Seta j2 at least twice as long as distance between its base and base of j3; seta j6 at least 1.2 times as long as distance between its base and base of J1 .... 21

21. Anteromedial extension of epistome distally serrated; seta j5 [indicated as i4 by Karg (1995)] about 0.6 times as long as distance between its base and base of j6; ventrianal shield with transverse striae and a few diagonal striae connecting them.................. Gamasiphis caper Karg , New Caledonia ( Karg 1995) Anteromedial extension of epistome smooth; seta j5 about as long as distance between its base and base of j6; ventrianal shield imbricate................................... Gamasiphis coniunctus Karg , New Caledonia ( Karg 1995)

22. Seta Z5 at most 1.2 times as long as J5 .................................. 23 Seta Z5 at least 2.7 times as long as J5 .................................. 25

23. With a long fissure running anterodorsally from level of Jv5 almost to the level of z6 [seta inserted laterally to seta indicated as i5 by Karg (1997)]; seta st3 mediad and posterior to st2; peritreme extending anteriorly almost to anterior margin of coxa II.. Gamasiphis longirimae Karg , New Caledonia ( Karg 1997) With a short fissure running anterodorsally from level of Jv5 (V 8 in Karg´s publications) to level of Z2 [seta inserted anterolaterally to seta indicated as J2 by Karg (1993)]; seta st3 mediad to and in horizontal line with st2; peritreme extending anteriorly almost to mid-level of coxa I....................... 24

24. Seta j5 [indicated as i4 by Karg (1993)] about half as long as distance between its base and base of j6 [indicated as i5 by Karg (1993)]; ventrianal shield smooth.............. Gamasiphis incisus Karg , New Caledonia ( Karg 1993) Seta j5 [indicated as i4 by Karg (1996)] about as long as distance between its base and base of j6; ventrianal shield with transverse striae and a few diagonal striae connecting them...................................................................... Gamasiphis eumagnus Karg , New Caledonia ( Karg 1996)

25. Seta J4 about 1.2 times as long as distance between its base and base of J5 ............ Gamasiphis appendicularis Karg , New Caledonia ( Karg 1993) Seta J4 at most 0.7 times as long as distance between its base and base of J5 ..................................................................... 26

26. Opisthonotal region without laterodiagonal fissure......................................... Gamasiphis setosus Womersley , Australia ( Womersley 1956) Opisthonotal region with a laterodiagonal fissure running from Jv5 to level of Z2 [seta immediately posterior to Z 1 in Karg (1996)].................... 27

27. Seta j2 about twice as long as distance between its base and base of j3; seta Jv1 about half as long as distance between its base and base of Jv2 .................. Gamasiphis flagelli Karg , New Caledonia ( Karg 1993) Seta j2 about half as long as distance between its base and base of j3; seta Jv1 about 0.2 times as long as half the distance between its base and base of Jv2 .............. Gamasiphis breviflagelli Karg , New Caledonia ( Karg 1996)

28. Anteromedial extension of epistome distally expanded................... 29 Anteromedial extension of epistome aciculate........................... 33

29. Seta J2 about 1.8 times as long as distance between its base and base of J3 .......... Gamasiphis plenosetosus Karg , Galapagos Islands ( Karg 1994b) Seta J2 at most as long as distance between its base and base of J3 ..................................................................... 30

30. Seta j3 about 1.4 times as long as distance between its base and base of j4 ....... Gamasiphis denticus Hafez and Nasr , Egypt ( Hafez and Nasr 1979) Seta j3 at most 0.8 times as long as distance between its base and base of j4 ..................................................................... 31

31. Anteromedial extension of epistome laceolate; seta j2 about as long as distance between its base and base of j3; seta Zv2 as long as distance between its base and base of Zv3 ....................... Gamasiphis edmilsoni sp. nov., Brazil Anteromedial extension of epistome laceolate or spatulate; seta j2 at most 0.7 times as long as distance between its base and base of j3; seta Zv2 0.8 times as long as distance between its base and base of Zv3 ..................... 32

32. Anteromedial extension of epistome spatulate; seta Zv1 slightly longer than distance between its base and base of Zv2 ....................................................... Gamasiphis furcatus Karg, Lesser Antilles ( Karg 1990) Anteromedial extension of epistome lanceolate; seta Zv1 about 0.8 times as long as distance between its base and base of Zv2 ............................................ Gamasiphis trituberosus Karg, Lesser Antilles ( Karg 1990)

33. Distance between level of posteriormost pair of ventrianal setae (excluding circumanal setae) and anterior margin of anus corresponding to about the length of the anal opening.............................................. 34 Insertion of posteriormost pair of ventrianal setae (excluding circumanal setae) varying from slightly anterior to posterior to anal opening......... 37

34. Seta st3 mediad and in horizontal line to st2 ............................ 35 Seta st3 mediad and posterior to st2 .................................... 36

35. Band of dorsal shield extending laterad to the fused peritrematic–exopodal shield ending broadly; seta Jv5 posterior to unsclerotized line that partially separates anal and ventral regions.............................................................. Gamasiphis productellus Berlese , China ( Berlese 1923) Band of dorsal shield extending laterad to the fused peritrematic–exopodal shield ending sharply; seta Jv5 anterior to unsclerotized line that partially separates anal and ventral regions..................................................... Gamasiphis bengalensis Bhattacharyya , India ( Bhattacharyya 1966)

36. Seta j2 [indicated as s1 by Karg (1990)] laterad to j1; opisthonotal region smooth and with a single pair of setae (Z5) much longer than others................ Gamasiphis pinguis Karg, Lesser Antilles ( Karg 1990) Seta j2 distinctly posterior to j1; opisthonotal region imbricate and with two pairs of setae (including Z5) much longer than others........................................ Gamasiphis quadruplicis Karg, Lesser Antilles ( Karg 1990)

37. At least Z5 and postanal setae blunt or distally expanded................ 38 All idiosomal setae with sharp tips...................................... 47

38. With three pairs of J setae.............................................. 39 With four pairs of J setae.............................................. 45

39. Ventrianal shield with seven pairs of setae in addition to circumanal setae (Zv3 absent)................ Gamasiphis mediosetosus Karg , Ecuador ( Karg 2003) Ventrianal shield with eight pairs of setae in addition to circumanal setae.................................................................. 40

40. Seta Jv5 about 1.4 times as long as postanal seta......................... 41 Seta Jv5 at most 0.9 times as long as postanal seta....................... 42

41. Seta j3 about as long as distance between its base and base of j4; ventrianal shield smooth.............. Gamasiphis pinnatus Karg , Ecuador ( Karg 1998) Seta j3 [unnamed seta between z1 and i3 of Karg and Schorlemmer (2009)] about twice as long as distance between its base and base of j4 [indicated as i3 by Karg and Schorlemmer (2009)]; ventrianal shield with transverse striae......................................................... Gamasiphis undulatus Karg and Schorlemmer , Ecuador ( Karg and Schorlemmer 2009)

42. Many dorsal shield setae expanded distally.............................. 43 Except for Z5, dorsal shield setae aciculate.............................. 44

43. Opisthonotal region with two pairs of setae (Z2 and Z5; same designations in Karg’s publications) much longer than others; ventrianal shield imbricate anteriorly to Jv3 and smooth elsewhere............................................................... Gamasiphis silvestris Karg , Ecuador ( Karg 2007) Opisthonotal region with a single pair of setae (Z5) much longer than others; ventrianal shield transversely striate anteriorly to Zv2 and smooth elsewhere............................... Gamasiphis salvadori n. sp., Brazil

44. Seta Zv2 about 1.2 times as long as distance between its base and base of Zv3 ..................... Gamasiphis pulchellus (Berlese, Italy ( Berlese 1887) Seta Zv2 about 0.5 times as long as distance between its base and base of Zv3 ..................... Gamasiphis hamatellus Karg , Ecuador ( Karg 1998) 45. Ventrianal shield with seven pairs of setae in addition to circumanal setae (Zv2 absent)...... Gamasiphis parpulchellus Nasr and Mersal , Egypt ( Zaher 1986) Ventrianal shield with eight pairs of setae in addition to circumanal setae................................................................... 46

46. Seta j2 [indicated as s1 by Karg (1987)] distinctly posterior to j1; seta j4 [indicated as i3 by Karg (1987)] about 1.2 times as long as distance between its base and base of j5 [indicated as i4 by Karg (1987)]................................................ Gamasiphis lanceolatus Karg , Germany ( Karg 1987) Seta j2 laterad to j1; seta j4 about 0.9 times as long as distance between its base and base of j5 .................... Gamasiphis flechtmanni n. sp., Brazil

47. Opisthonotal region with two pairs of setae (including Z5) much longer than others................... Gamasiphis hyalinus Karg , Costa Rica ( Karg 2003) Opisthonotal region with a single pair of setae (Z5) much longer than others................................................................. 48

48. Setae j6 [indicated as i5 by Karg (1994a)] at least 1.2 times as long as distance between their bases.................................................... 49 Setae j6 at most 0.7 times as long as distance between their bases......... 50

49. Setae Jv5 about 0.7 times as long as postanal seta.............................................. Gamasiphis sextus Vitzthum , Germany ( Vitzthum 1921) Setae Jv5 [indicated as V8 by Karg (1994a)] about 1.3 times as long as postanal seta.............. Gamasiphis vinculi Karg , Galapagos Islands ( Karg 1994a)

50. Ventrianal shield with seven pairs of setae in addition to circumanal setae (Jv5 absent).................... Gamasiphis turgicalcareus Ma , China ( Ma 2009) Ventrianal shield with eight pairs of setae in addition to circumanal setae................................................................... 51

51. Seta Jv5 about as long as paraanal seta......................... Gamasiphis paulista Castilho, Moraes and Narita , Brazil ( Castilho, Moraes et al. 2010) Seta Jv5 at least twice as long as paraanal seta.......................... 52

52. Dorsal and ventrianal shields mostly imbricate................................................. Gamasiphis adanalis Karg, Lesser Antilles ( Karg 1990) Dorsal shield smooth and ventrianal shield smooth or transversely striate anteriorly to Zv2 and smooth elsewhere................................. 53

53. Seta Jv5 at least twice as long as postanal seta........................... 54 Seta Jv5 at most 1.3 times as long as postanal seta....................... 55

54. With three pairs of J setae; ventrianal shield smooth........................... Gamasiphis hamifer (Trägårdh) , Flint and Rapa Islands ( Trägårdh 1952) With four pairs of J setae; ventrianal shield transversely striate anteriorly to Zv2 and smooth elsewhere....................................................................... Gamasiphis decoris Karg, Lesser Antilles ( Karg 1990)

55. Seta st5 about 2.3 times as long as Jv1 ...................................................... Gamasiphis hemicapillus Karg, Lesser Antilles ( Karg 1990) Seta st5 at most as long as Jv1 .......................................... 56

56. Seta st5 at most 0.6 times as long as Jv1; seta Jv2 about as long as distance between its base and base of Jv4 ........................................ 57 Seta st5 about as long as Jv1; seta Jv2 at most 0.7 times as long as distance between its base and base of Jv4 ........................................ 58

57. Seta j3 about 0.8 times as long as distance between its base and base of j4; seta j4 about 0.7 times as long as distance between its base and base of j5 ................................................................. Gamasiphis krieli Van Driel, Loots and Marais , Saint Helena Island ( Van Driel et al. 1977) Seta j3 about 1.7 times as long as distance between its base and base of j4; seta j4 about 1.3 times as long as distance between its base and base of j5 ........... Gamasiphis indicus Bhattacharyya , India ( Bhattacharyya 1978)

58. Seta Zv1 about twice as long as Jv1; seta Jv5 about 0.7 times as long as postanal seta.......... Gamasiphis maheensis Loots , Seychelles ( Loots 1980) Seta Zv1 about as long as Jv1; seta Jv5 about as long as postanal seta.... 59

59. Seta Zv2 about as long as distance between its base and base of Zv3; seta Jv2 about half as long as distance between its base and base of Jv3 ........................ Gamasiphis novipulchellus Ma and Yin , China ( Ma and Yin 1998) Seta Zv2 about half as long as distance between its base and base of Zv3; seta Jv2 about 0.3 times as long as distance between its base and base of Jv3 ............................. Gamasiphis aduncus Ma , China ( Ma 2004)