Xanthogaleruca yuae, Lee & Bezděk, 2021

Lee, Chi-Feng & Bezdek, Jan, 2021, Revision of the genera Xanthogaleruca Laboissiere, 1932 and Pyrrhalta Joannis, 1865 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae) of Taiwan, with type designation of Galerucella lineatipes Takei, ZooKeys 1039, pp. 1-108 : 1

Xanthogaleruca yuae sp. nov. Figs 1D-F , 3 , 4

Pyrrhalta aenescens : Kimoto, 1969: 28 (Taiwan); Kimoto 1986: 56 (additional records in Taiwan); Kimoto and Chu 1996: 55 (catalogue); Kimoto and Takizawa 1997: 300 (key), 373; Beenen 2010: 455 (catalogue); Yang et al. 2015: 115 (catalogue).

Types.

Holotype ♂ (TARI), Taiwan. Taoyuan: Paling (巴陵), 27.V.2009 (reared from eggs), leg. M.-H. Tsou. Paratypes. 3♂, 6♀ (TARI), same data as holotype; 1♀ (TARI), same but with “25.V.2009”; 3♀ (TARI), same but with “26.V.2009”; 7♂, 8♀ (TARI), same but with “28.V.2009”; 37♂, 29♀ (TARI), same but with “29.V.2009”; 1♀ (TARI), same locality, 19.IV.2009, leg. S.-F. Yu; 1♀ (TARI), same locality, 19.VI.2010, leg. H.-J. Chen; Chiayi: 3♀ (TARI), Shounouryo (= Channaoliao, 樟腦寮), near Mt. Ari (阿里山), 14.XII.1937, leg. Y. Yano; 1♂ (TARI), Dokuritsuzan (= Tulishan, 獨立山), near Mt. Ari (阿里山), 14.XII.1937, leg. Y. Yano; Nantou: 2♂ (TARI), Lienhuachi (蓮華池), 23-26.V.1980, leg. K. S. Lin & B. H. Chen; 1♂ (KMNH), Meiyuan (眉原), 21.V.198?, leg. C.-K. Yu (S. Osawa’s Coll.), determined as P. aenescens by Kimoto, 1986; Taitung: 1♂ (TARI), Hsinwu (新武), 25.III.2013, leg. C.-L. Lee; 2♀ (TARI), Wulu (霧鹿), 29.III.2011, leg. C.-F. Lee; Taoyuan: 1♀ (TARI), Suleng (四稜), 9.IV.2016, leg. Y.-L. Lin; 1♀ (TARI), Tungyanshan (東眼山), 12.IV.2007, leg. S.-F. Yu.

Diagnosis.

Body flattened. Pronotum with three large black spots, one in middle, two laterally. Elytra metallic green

Description.

Length 7.9-8.8 mm, width 3.3-3.8 mm. Body color (Fig. 1D-F ) yellowish brown; vertex with one rounded black spot at middle, antennae blackish brown but ventral discs of antennomeres IV-VI brown; pronotum with three large black spots, one spot at center, from apical 1/4 to basal 1/4, apically broadened, two spots laterally; scutellum black; elytra metallic green. Eyes relatively large, interocular space 2.33-2.45 × diameter of eye. Antennae filiform in males (Fig. 3A ), length ratios of antennomeres I-XI 1.0: 0.5: 0.6: 0.8: 0.8: 0.7: 0.7: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.7, length to width ratios of antennomeres I-XI 3.1: 2.1: 2.5: 2.9: 3.1: 2.9: 3.0: 2.6: 2.8: 2.7: 3.4; similar in females (Fig. 3B ), length ratios of antennomeres I-XI 1.0: 0.4: 0.6: 0.7: 0.7: 0.7: 0.7: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.8, length to width ratios of antennomeres I-XI 3.4: 1.9: 2.5: 3.0: 2.8: 2.8: 2.8: 2.6: 2.6: 2.5: 3.4. Pronotum and elytra dorso-ventrally depressed. Pronotum 1.9-2.0 × wider than long, disc smooth, with dense coarse punctures and short pubescence, with lateral depressions; lateral margins moderately rounded, apical margin slightly concave, basal margin straight. Elytra elongate, parallel-sided, 1.7-1.8 × longer than wide; disc smooth, with dense, fine punctures and short pubescence, with three indistinct longitudinal ridges, two near suture, one from humerus. Apical spur of tibia of middle leg elongate in males (Fig. 3K ); tarsomeres I of front and middle legs apically broadened in males (Fig. 3I ), less broadened in females (Fig. 3J ). Aedeagus (Fig. 3C, D ) slender in dorsal view, 5.8 × longer than wide, sides asymmetric, gradually broadened from apex to apical 1/4, slightly narrowed at middle, apex broadly rounded; moderately curved near base in lateral view, moderately broadened from apex to middle, apex narrowly rounded; ostium covered by a more or less sclerotized membrane; primary endophallic sclerite long, 0.7 × as long as aedeagus, with four apical teeth, and an additional longitudinal row of erect teeth from near apex to base, becoming smaller towards apex, one short sclerite connected with base, apex with one short tooth. Gonocoxae (Fig. 3E ) transverse, both gonocoxae combined from basal connection, with a number of short setae along apical margin. Ventrite VIII (Fig. 3F ) extremely transverse; disc with dense, short setae along apical margin; spiculum extremely short. Receptacle of spermatheca (Fig. 3L ) very swollen; pump short and strongly curved; sclerotized proximal spermathecal duct wide and short. Apical margin of abdominal ventrite V with angular depression at middle in males, followed by shallow notch (Fig. 3H ); represented by a semi-circular depression in females (Fig. 3G ).

Remarks.

Adults of X. yuae sp. nov. and X. aenescens may be separated from those of other species in the genus by their entirely green elytra, presence of three black spots on the pronotum, and elytra with fine and dense punctures. Xanthogaleruca yuae sp. nov. differs from X. aenescens in having a narrower aedeagus, 5.7 × longer than wide (Fig. 3C, D ) (broader aedeagus (Fig. 2C, D ), 5.1 × longer than wide in X. aenescens ), teeth from near apex to middle of primary endophallic sclerite (lacking teeth from near apex to middle of primary endophallic sclerite in X. aenescens ), apex of tarsomere I of front legs broader in males than females (Fig. 3I, J ) (apex of tarsomere I of front legs uniform in both sexes of X. aenescens (Fig. 2J, K )), and long apical spur on mesotibia (Fig. 3K ) (short apical spur on mesotibia in X. aenescens (Fig. 3I )). This new species was misidentified as Xanthogaleruca aenescens by Kimoto (1969, 1986).

Host plants.

Larvae and adults feed on leaves of Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makino ( Ulmaceae ) (present study).

Biology.

Xanthogaleruca yuae sp. nov. populations are presumed to be univoltine. The following life cycle information is based on our (TCRT) observations made by Mr Mei-Hua Tsou (Lee and Cheng 2010). Females began to deposit an average of 10-20 eggs in two rows of a single egg mass on the undersides of leaves (Fig. 4A ) during 22 April 2009. Larvae hatched in 7-8 days. Larvae fed on one side of leaves and left only one layer of tissue at the surface (Fig. 4B, C ). The larval duration was 15-21 days. mature larvae (Fig. 4D ) expelled an adhesive from the anus, then pupated on the undersides of leaves. Duration of the pupal stage was 8-13 days (Fig. 4E ). adults were active during spring (Fig. 4F ).

Distribution.

Widespread in lowlands of Taiwan.

Etymology.

Dedicated to Mrs Su-Fang Yu who was the first member of TCRT to collect specimens of this new species and rear them successfully from eggs to adults.

Figures

Figure 1. Habitus of Xanthogaleruca aenescens (Fairmaire) and X. yuae sp. nov. A X. aenescens, female, dorsal view B ditto, ventral view C ditto, lateral view D X. yuae sp. nov., female, dorsal view E ditto, ventral view F ditto, lateral view.

Figure 2. Diagnostic characters of Xanthogaleruca aenescens (Fairmaire) A antenna, male B antenna, female C aedeagus, dorsal view D ditto, lateral view E gonocoxae F abdominal ventrite VIII G abdominal ventrite V, female H abdominal ventrite V, male I apex of tibia of middle leg, male J tarsi of front leg, male K tarsi of front leg, female L spermatheca.

Figure 3. Diagnostic characters of Xanthogaleruca yuae sp. nov. A antenna, male B antenna, female C aedeagus, dorsal view D ditto, lateral view E gonocoxae F abdominal ventrite VIII G abdominal ventrite V, female H abdominal ventrite V, male I tarsi of front leg, male J tarsi of front leg, female K apex of tibia of middle leg, male L spermatheca.

Figure 4. Field photographs of Xanthogaleruca yuae sp. nov. on host plant A egg masses B early instar larva C mature larvae D single mature larva E pupa and prepupa F adult.