Eutrichopoda flavipenna Dios & Nihei

Dios, Rodrigo De Vilhena Perez & Nihei, Silvio Shigueo, 2016, A remarkable new species of Eutrichopoda Townsend, 1908 (Diptera: Tachinidae: Phasiinae), Zootaxa 4121 (2), pp. 194-200 : 195-199

Eutrichopoda flavipenna Dios & Nihei , sp. nov.

( Figs 1–7 )

Type material examined. Holotype Ƌ: “ BRAZIL: MS [Mato Grosso do Sul], Serra da Bodoquena, [Municipality of Bodoquena] / Fazenda Califórnia / 20°41'55.4''S, 56°52'49.4''W / Malaise 0 6 [trap] / 06.ix – 21.x.2011 / Lamas, Nihei & eq. col. / SISBIOTA CNPq/FAPESP”, “Holótipo” [red label] ( MZSP). Paratypes: Brazil: 1 Ƌ: “Bahia / Iguassú [Iguaçu] / Roman”, “Sv. Amaz. / Exp. Roman ”, “ 23 Aug. ”, “NHRS-BYWS / 000000713”, “Parátipo” [green label] ( NHRS); 1 Ƌ:, “Belo Horizonte MG [Minas Gerais] / BRASIL / 14/07/1996 / Campus UFMG / J. C. R. Fontenelle”, “CME2 / 11:43 12:03”, “ DZUP / 250718 ”, “Parátipo” [green label] [terminalia dissected and pinned together with the specimen in a microvial with glycerin] ( DZUP); 1 ♀: “FUNDÃO – ES [Espírito Santo] / Brasil 20-V-1964 / C. Elias leg.”, “ DZUP / 252123”, “Parátipo” [green label] [terminalia dissected and pinned together in a microvial with glycerin] ( DZUP); 1 ♀: [same data as previous]”, “ DZUP / 252126”, “Parátipo” [green label]; 1 Ƌ: “STA. TERESA – ES / Brasil 10-VI-1964 / C. Elias leg.”, “ DZUP / 252223”, “Parátipo” [green label] ( DZUP); 1 ♀: “Dpto. Zool. / UF -Paraná”, “STA. TEREZA – E. STO / BRASIL 1-3/II/68 / C. & C.T. Elias leg.”, “ DZUP / 252175”, “Parátipo” [green label] ( DZUP); 1 ♀: “Angra dos Reis. / Japuhyba [Japuíba]. E. do Rio [Rio de Janeiro] / H. S. Lopes”, “Parátipo” [green label] ( CEIOC); 1 ♀: “GRAJAHÚ [Grajaú] / Rio de Janeiro / Lopes 24- V-41 ”, “Parátipo” [green label] ( CEIOC); 1 ♀: “ 25.III.1957 / Barueri / S. Paulo”, “K. Lenko – leg.”, “ Eutrichopoda ! /? Abdominalis ”, “Parátipo” [green label] ( MNHN); 1 Ƌ: “FOZ DO IGUAÇU / Paraná BRASIL / 3.XII.1966 / Exc. Dept. Zoo”, “ DZUP / 252221”, “Parátipo” [green label] [terminalia dissected and pinned together with specimen in a microvial with glycerin] ( DZUP). Paraguay: 1 Ƌ: “Parq. Nac. Cerro Cora / Depto. Amambay / PARAGUAY / 25.II.1981 ”, “RD Cave / colr”, “Parátipo” [green label] ( USNM). All specimens have an identification label.

Type locality. Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Serra da Bodoquena, Municipality of Bodoquena.

Distribution. Brazil (Bahia, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Paraná states), and Paraguay (Amambay department).

Etymology. The name refers to the bright yellow feather-like setae on the hind tibia. “ Flavi ” (Latin) = yellow; “ penna ” (Latin) = feather.

Diagnosis. A brown to dark brown fly with silver pruinosity on head and thorax and tip of abdomen tawny yellow, differing from both sexes of E. melanopus and E. pyrrhogaster and from the male of E. abdominalis , in which the abdomen is at least partially yellowish orange. Calypteres smoky brown to dark brown, differing from E. tegulata , E. nigra and E. abdominalis , the calypteres of which are “fully deep golden yellow” ( Townsend 1897), “saturated with faint yellow tinge” ( Townsend 1908) or “deep orange-yellow except the white base” ( Townsend 1929), respectively. Hind tibia with a dorsal row of bright yellow, flattened setae. This characteristic is unique within the Trichopodini , and the only other species with differently colored, feather-like setae on the hind tibia is E. nitidiventris from Atoyac, Mexico, with yellow-tipped, black setae.

Description of holotype Ƌ. Body length. 9.1 mm.

Coloration. Frontal vitta and ocellar triangle black. Fronto-orbital plate brown to dark brown with silver pruinosity. Parafacial and gena brown with silver pruinosity. Antenna dark brown with some diffuse silver pruinosity and with the areas close to the joint between pedicel and postpedicel and the posterior part of postpedicel slightly yellowish-orange; arista brown to dark brown. Palpus brown to dark brown. Presutural scutum brown to dark brown, and with two silver-pruinose median stripes merged posteriorly just before the suture. Postpronotal lobe dark brown. Notopleuron silver and golden pruinose. Postsutural scutum dark brown. Postalar callus with silver pruinosity. Scutellum dark brown. Thorax laterally brown with silver pruinosity. Wing smoky brown with hyaline posterior margin, the hyaline part entering cell dm and the infuscation reaching beyond cell r4+5. Calypteres smoky brown to dark brown, but base white. Halter tawny yellow. Coxae and trochanters tawny to tawny yellow, coxae with silver pruinosity; fore and mid femora brown to light brown, but base tawny yellow to light tawny and apex with tawny yellow spots; fore and mid tibiae brown to light brown, but with a tawny yellow base; hind leg entirely tawny yellow, with darker spots on femur and tibia; dorsal surface of hind tibia bearing one row of brown, short, feather-like setae and one row of bright yellow, long, feather-like setae ( Fig. 3 ); all tarsi brown; claws pale yellow with black tips; pulvilli pale tawny to pale yellow. Abdomen brown to dark brown, and tawny yellow posteriorly from tergite 6 to terminalia.

Head. Ratio of head width/thorax width 1.2 in dorsal view. Ratio of head length/head width 0.45 in dorsal view. Ratio of frontal vitta width at lunula/frontal vitta width at vertex 1.1. Fronto-orbital plate as wide as frontal vitta at level of lunula. Fronto-orbital plate with few fine, short setulae. Frontal setae present from anterior margin of ocellar triangle to level of antennal insertion; setae interspersed with small setulae. Ocellar setae short and slightly divergent. Postocellar setae short and subparallel. Inner vertical seta very short. Parafacial bare; slightly wider in upper part. Vibrissa present, slightly shorter than arista. Subvibrissal setae present. Ratio of eye width/eye height 0.5. Ratio of gena height/eye height 0.15. Antennal axis as long as oral axis. Postpedicel reniform, slightly flattened laterally, and slightly longer than combined length of scape and pedicel. Palpus cylindrical and slightly clavate. Prementum of similar length to palpus length.

Thorax. Ratio of presutural length/postsutural length 0.75. Acrostichal setae 0+1; dorsocentral setae 1+1; intraalar setae 0+1; supra-alar setae 1+1; 2 postalar setae. Postpronotal lobe with 2 setae. Scutellum with one pair of basal setae and one pair of subapical setae. Three katepisternal setae, the lower one weaker. Postcoxal bridge membranous. Wing: elliptical, anal lobe slightly enlarged. Ratio of wing length/maximum wing width 3.4. Cell r4+5 closed and short petiolate, meeting wing margin just anterior to apex. Crossvein dm-cu sinuous. Posterior margin of lower calypter slightly concave, external lobe slightly enlarged. Legs: fore femur with a row of short posterior setae; fore tibia with one apical dorsal seta and one median posteroventral seta. Mid femur with two median anterior setae and one preapical posterodorsal seta; mid tibia with one median anteroventral, one median anterodorsal and one weak median posterior setae. Hind femur with a row of anterodorsal setae, a row of posterior setae in basal fourth and one basal ventral seta. Hind tibia with one median and one preapical anteroventral setae in the same position, two median posterodorsal setae and two rows of dorsally flattened (feather-like) setae: an outer row of very short setae and an inner row of much longer setae covering the apical 0.63 of total length of tibia, with the longest seta 1.8 times the width of tibia. Claws straight, elongate and curved at tip. Pulvilli elongate (compared to female), squared, subequal in length to claws.

Abdomen. Elliptical, narrowing slightly distally, dorsoventrally flattened, with tip somewhat downcurved in lateral view, with syntergite 1+2 to tergite 6 visible in dorsal view, and without differentiated setae. Abdomen 1.9 times as long as wide, 1.3 times as long as thorax, and slightly narrower than thorax in dorsal view. Sternites free and membrane somewhat exposed.

Terminalia ( Figs 4, 6, 7 ). Ventrally positioned. Epandrium “U”-shaped in posterior view ( Fig. 6 ). Cerci fused with a median process and with slightly broadened posterolateral lobes sloping towards the posteromedian process in posterior view; posteromedian process with an anterior shallow notch in lateral view; cerci densely covered with small setulae, longer dorsally and very short and scarce on median process. Surstylus minute, rounded, with few setae, connected by a membrane to the epandrium and bacilliform sclerite. Central plate of hypandrium with ventral elongations connected to the pregonite by a membrane; median dorsal elongations of hypandrium meeting each other just above the epiphallus; hypandrial arms reduced. Pregonite and postgonite fused to each other; pregonite accompanying the ventral elongations of the hypandrium and slightly longer than the hypandrium elongations; postgonite widening apically and rounded in posterior view. Phallapodeme elongated, slightly wider anteriorly and bifurcated posteriorly into two arms, with phallus positioned between them and each arm with a small membranous sac attached to it. Bacilliform sclerite a rod-like, posteriorly enlarged plate. Ejaculatory apodeme small, rod-like, slightly wider apically. Phallus asymmetrical and covered with membranes ( Figs 4, 7 ). Epiphallus triangular in lateral view. Basiphallus short, ring-shaped, with dorsal projections and small ventral projections. Distiphallus as a membrane-covered complex of two sclerotized plates opened distally, which surrounds a sclerotized inner tube ( Figs 4, 7 ): an outer, half-tube-like plate with a large opening on the right posterior portion ( Fig. 4 , in blue); and an inner, sclerotized bell-like plate, dorsally invaginated and forming a tube that follows the sclerotized inner tube almost along its entire extension, with a slender transverse slit on the right side of the outer part, formed by a triangular projection ( Fig. 4 , in orange). Sclerotized inner tube simple, bulbous outside the inner plate dorsally, bending and sinuous in the part inside the inner plate, extending beyond the outer and inner plates ventrally ( Fig. 4 , in green); inner tube with a widened opening.

Variation found in male and female paratypes. Body length. 8.9–10.1 mm.

Coloration. Postpronotal lobe with some brown pruinosity. Notopleuron with pruinosity scarce or lacking. Postsutural scutum dark brown with scarce brown pruinosity centrally. Postalar callus lacking pruinosity. Scutellum of a lighter color posteriorly. Thorax laterally with some yellowish-orange parts. Fore and mid tibiae with apex tawny yellow. Abdomen lighter colored, light brown to tawny and with a slightly darker median band; in one paratype abdomen base tawny yellow; some paratypes with tergite 6 darker.

Head. Ratio of head width/thorax width 1.2–1.5 in dorsal view. Ratio of head length/head width 0.4–0.5 in dorsal view. Ratio of frontal vitta width at lunula/frontal vitta width at vertex 1.1–1.5. Inner vertical seta not differentiated. Vibrissa subequal in length to arista. Ratio of eye width/eye height 0.5–0.6. Ratio of gena height/eye height 0.1–0.2.

Thorax. Ratio of presutural length/postsutural length 0.7 to subequal. Presutural dorsocentral setae not differentiated. Postpronotal lobe with a weak additional (third) seta. Two katepisternal setae. Wing: ratio of wing length/maximum wing width 3–3.5. Legs: fore tibia with median posteroventral seta very weak. Mid femur with one median anterior seta. Hind femur with a row of anterodorsal setae of varying number and size. Hind tibia with one median posterodorsal seta; row of longer, flattened (feather-like) setae covering the apical 0.6–0.7 of total length of tibia; length of longest flattened seta 1.3–1.8 times the width of tibia.

Abdomen. Abdomen 1.5 to 2 times as long as wide, 1.2 to 1.4 times as long as thorax, and of similar width to that of thorax in dorsal view.

Description of female. Differs from male as follows: scutellum of same color as in male but lighter distally. Wing light smoky brown with a broader hyaline posterior margin. Abdomen of lighter color, more tawny red; tergite 6 tawny yellow, tergite 7 orange yellow. Cercus brown to dark brown. Ratio of wing length/maximum wing width 2.7–3.1. Fore femur and tibia usually with stronger setae. Hind tibia with two posterodorsal median setae. Claws short and more curved. Pulvilli rounded and short. Abdomen more dorsoventrally flattened distally, with seven tergites visible in dorsal view. Ventral membrane less exposed and sternites somewhat covered in parts by lateral margins of tergites.

Terminalia. Tergite 7 with a long row of marginal setae; sternite 7 trapezoidal, with setulae and some marginal setae. Sternite 8 triangular, narrow and short, positioned between the cerci ( Fig. 5 ). Cercus block-like with rounded outer margin and slightly concave inner margin; flattened posterior surface of cercus covered with fine, short setulae arranged in multiple transverse rows ( Fig. 5 ).

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 7. Eutrichopoda flavipenna sp. nov. 1. Lateral habitus (holotype); scale bar: 1 mm. 2. Dorsal habitus (holotype); scale bar: 1 mm. 3. Hind tibia, lateral view (paratype from Brazil, Bahia, Iguaçu); scale bar: 1 mm. 4. Male terminalia, lateral view (paratype from Brazil, Paraná, Foz do Iguaçu); scale bar: 0.2 mm. 5. Female cerci and eighth sternite, posterior view (paratype from Brazil, Espírito Santo, Fundão); scale bar: 0.2 mm. 6. Male epandrium, cerci, surstylus, pregonite and postgonite, posterodorsal view (paratype from Brazil, Paraná, Foz do Iguaçu); scale bar: 0.2 mm. 7. Distiphallus, showing the complex of sclerotized plates in three different views (paratype from Brazil, Paraná, Foz do Iguaçu); scale bar: 0.2 mm. a. Right lateral view. b. Posterior view. c. Left lateral view. Abbreviations: B = basiphallus; Bl = bell-like plate; Bs = bacilliform sclerite; C = cerci; E = epandrium; Ea = ejaculatory apodeme; Ep = epiphallus; H = hypandrium; Ht = half-tube-like plate; It = sclerotized inner tube; Ph = phallapodeme; Po = postgonite; Pr = pregonite; S = surstylus; 8 s = eighth sternite.